Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

2026-09-19T08:25:56Z

ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

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[[File:عباس بن علی.jpg|alt=Abbas ibn Ali (peace be upon him)|thumb|]]

'''Abbas ibn Ali''', known as Abu al-Fadl, Qamar Banu Hashim, and Bab al-Hawa'ij (born 4 Sha'ban 26 AH (647 CE) and martyred 10 Muharram 61 AH (680 CE)), was the son of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him)]] and [[Umm al-Banin]], and the younger brother of [[Husayn ibn Ali|Husayn ibn Ali (peace be upon him)]]. His fame and popularity among [[Muslims]] is primarily due to his bravery and loyalty to Imam Husayn (peace be upon him) in [[Karbala]]. His shrine is located in [[Karbala]], at the site of the Battle of Karbala. Abbas ibn Ali was martyred on the 10th of [[Muharram]], [[Ashura]], during the Event of Karbala, while fetching water from the Euphrates River to quench the thirst of the household of Imam Husayn (peace be upon him), who were besieged by the army of [[Umar ibn Sa'd|Umar ibn Sa'd]]. The heroic killing of Abbas in the Battle of Karbala has created a special persona among [[Shia]] and [[Sunni]]. According to an old custom common among Muslims, especially [[Shia]] and eulogists, on the 9th of [[Muharram]] ([[Tasua]]), they hold memorial ceremonies for his martyrdom and [[Mourning|Mourn]].

== Biography ==
Abbas ibn Ali (peace be upon him) was born in the year 26 AH in [[Medina|Medina]]. He was raised in the lap of Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (peace be upon him) and his mother [[Umm al-Banin]] in such a way that he became a symbol of zeal, self-sacrifice, and bravery. During his life, he benefited most from the presence of his father and brothers and became comprehensive in good virtues. He manifested what he had learned from the presence of those three [[Imams|Infallible Imams]] in [[Karbala]]. According to [[Shia]] narrations, he was a brave, handsome, and tall young man, he fought alongside his father [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him)]] in the battles of [[Battle of Siffin|Siffin]] and [[Battle of Nahrawan|Nahrawan]], and he is one of the few people known among [[Shia]] as Bab al-Hawa'ij. He had three full brothers named [[Ja'far ibn Ali|Ja'far]], [[Abdullah ibn Ali|Abdullah]], and [[Uthman ibn Ali|Uthman]], all of whom were killed in Karbala on the day of Ashura, 61 AH. He married Lubaba, the daughter of Ubaydallah ibn Abbas, and had four sons named Ubaydallah, Fadl, Hasan, Qasim, and one daughter. There is disagreement regarding the number of his children. All his children except Ubaydallah died without issue.

== Titles ==
'''"Qamar Banu Hashim"''' is his most famous title. Later, he was also titled '''"Saqqay Karbala"''', '''"Alamdar Husayn"''', etc.

== Kunyas ==
# '''"Abu al-Fadl"''', is the most famous kunya of Abbas<ref>Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, ''Maqatil al-Talibiyyin'', Published 1408 AH, p. 89.</ref>. Some have stated that since anyone named Abbas in the [[Banu Hashim]] clan was called Abu al-Fadl, he was also called Abu al-Fadl even in childhood<ref>Muzaffar, ''Musuat Batil al-Alqami'', Published 1429 AH, Vol. 2, p. 12.</ref>.
# '''"Abu al-Qasim"''', because Abbas had a son named Qasim, he was also called Abu al-Qasim. This kunya is also mentioned in [[Ziyarat Arbaeen]] <ref>Beheshti, ''Qahraman Alqama''; Published 1374 SH (1995 CE), p. 43; Muzaffar, ''Musuat Batil al-Alqami'', Published 1429 AH, Vol. 2, p. 12.</ref>.
# '''"Abu al-Qirba"''', Qirba means water-skin<ref>Dehkhoda, ''Dehkhoda Dictionary'', Published 1377 SH (1998 CE), Vol. 11, p. 17497.</ref>, some believe that this kunya was given to him because he carried water-skins to the tents several times during the Event of Karbala. This kunya is mentioned in several sources<ref>Baladhuri, ''Ansab al-Ashraf'', Published 1394 AH, Vol. 2, p. 191; Tabarsi, ''A'lam al-Wara bi-A'lam al-Huda'', Published 1390 AH, p. 203.</ref>.
# '''"Abu al-Farja"''', Farja means relief and removal of grief<ref>Dehkhoda, ''Dehkhoda Dictionary'', Published 1377 SH (1998 CE), Vol. 11, p. 17037.</ref>, the reason for this kunya is that Abbas (peace be upon him) creates relief for those who seek his intercession<ref>Muzaffar, ''Musuat Batil al-Alqami'', Published 1429 AH, Vol. 2, p. 12.</ref>.

== Personality ==
The heroic killing of Abbas in the Battle of Karbala has created a legendary persona among [[Shia]] and [[Sunni]], making it very difficult to match it with reality. The main problem is that [[History of al-Tabari (book)|History of al-Tabari]] and [[Baladhuri]], primary sources of the Battle of Karbala, have not mentioned the details of his killing in Karbala. [[Shaykh Mufid]] in the book al-Ikhtisas describes Abbas ibn Ali with the attribute '''"Saqqa"''' meaning water-bearer. It has been said that Abbas ibn Ali inherited bravery and courage from his father Ali ibn Abi Talib and in battles he always carried the flag with him, and for this reason, he was known as '''"Alamdar"'''.

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

[[fa:عباس بن علی]]

== Battle in Karbala ==
[[Sayyid Ibn Tawus]] narrates from [[Abu Mikhnaf]] that on the afternoon of Ashura, Abbas fought many enemies while seeking water for the Ahl al-Bayt. After his right hand and then his left hand were cut off, he held the water skin in his mouth and continued fighting until he was killed by Zayd ibn Warqa al-Hanafi and Hakim ibn Tufayl al-Sinani. Hussein Wa'iz Kashafi considers him the sixty-eighth martyr of Karbala in ''Rawdat al-Shuhada''. The son of [[Umm al-Banin]]'s nephew, named Abdullah ibn Abi Mahal ibn Hizam, brought a letter of amnesty from Ibn Ziyad for Abbas, which he rejected. Shaykh Mufid writes: Abbas went with Hussein ibn Ali (peace be upon him) towards the Euphrates to get water, but the army of [[Umar ibn Sa'd|Umar ibn Sa'd]] prevented them. Then they surrounded him and separated him from Hussein. Abbas fought alone until he fell to the ground. At this time, due to his wounds, he could not move, and Zayd and Hakim killed him. Baladhuri considers Harmala the killer of Abbas and Hakim as the one who separated Abbas's clothes from his body. He was 34 years old at the time of his death<ref>Jafarian, Rasul (2007 CE). A Reflection on the Ashura Movement.</ref>.

His shrine is located in the northeast of the shrine of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him), and Shiites call the space between his shrine and Hussein ibn Ali '''"Bayn al-Haramayn"'''. The expansion and reconstruction of his shrine took place during the time of Shah Tahmasp Safavi and then Nader Shah. After the [[Wahhabis]] attack on Karbala, it was reconstructed again by Fath-Ali Shah<ref>Musawi al-Muqarram, Sayyid Abd al-Razzaq. The Commander of Karbala, p. 253.</ref>.
[[File:شهادت ابوالفضل.jpg|alt=Abbas ibn Ali (peace be upon him)|thumb|right|]]

=== In artistic works ===
As one of the central characters present in Karbala, Abbas ibn Ali is widely honoured in Muharram mourning ceremonies. In Ta'ziyeh ceremonies, on the night of Ashura, a full round is dedicated to his life and actions from birth to martyrdom. The statue of Abbas ibn Ali is drawn in many wooden works, pen-and-ink works, curtain-holding, etc. The memory of Abbas, in addition to [[Iran|Iran]], is honoured in other places such as [[Azerbaijan]], [[Indian subcontinent]] and wherever Ashura ceremonies are held. Ali Rabani Khalkhali writes: Abbas ibn Ali is considered a spiritual and very distinguished personality among Shiites and even many other followers of religions, and enjoys great respect<ref>Maqtal al-Husayn; Khwarizmi, Vol 1, pp. 348-349; al-Futuh; Ibn A'tham al-Kufi, Vol 5, p. 93.</ref>. '''"The Moon in the Narrative of Sigh"''', written by Abolfazl Zaroui Nasrabadi, is the title of a book that describes the life and personality of Abbas ibn Ali. The author has tried in this book to express untold stories from before and after the killing of the standard-bearer of Karbala through the voice of twelve narrators, with trustworthiness, adherence to historical and narrative documents, and avoidance of exaggeration. This author, who was introduced as the winner of the Ashura Book of the Year Literary Award, dedicated the Best Work Statue Award to Sayyid Mehdi Shuja'i by writing a note.

== Standard-bearing ==
Based on Urdubadi's research, Isfahani in ''Maqatil al-Talibiyyin''<ref>Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, Maqatil al-Talibiyyin, 1408 AH, p. 90.</ref><ref>Shaykh Mufid in al-Irshad, Mufid, al-Irshad, 1413 AH, Vol 2, p. 95.</ref>, has explicitly stated that Imam Hussein gave the flag of his army to Abbas on the morning of the day of [[Ashura]]<ref>Urdubadi, Hayat Abi al-Fadl al-Abbas, 1436 AH, pp. 188-189.</ref>, Baladhuri in ''Ansab al-Ashraf''<ref>Baladhuri, Ansab al-Ashraf, 1417 AH, Vol 3, p. 187.</ref> and Abu Nasr Bukhari in ''Sirr al-Silsila al-Alawiyya''<ref>Bukhari, Sirr al-Silsila al-Alawiyya, 1382 AH, pp. 88-89.</ref>, have also explicitly stated the standard-bearing of Lord Abbas.

== Water Supply ==
According to historical sources, when [[Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad]], on the 7th of Muharram, ordered Umar ibn Sa'd not to allow Hussein (peace be upon him) and his companions to use the water of the Euphrates, Imam Hussein called Abbas and accompanied him with thirty cavalry and twenty infantry to fill the water skins and bring them to the camp. Abbas was able to break the enemy's siege and bring the water to the camp. In this attack, none of the companions and friends of Imam Hussein were martyred, but individuals from the army of [[Umar ibn Sa'd|Umar ibn Sa'd]] were killed<ref>Bukhari, Sirr al-Silsila al-Alawiyya, 1382 AH, pp. 88-89.</ref>.

== Refusal of Amnesty Letters ==
As stated in the book ''al-Futuh'' by [[Ibn A'tham al-Kufi|Ibn A'tham al-Kufi]] and Maqtal Khwarizmi, two people sent letters of amnesty for Abbas and his brothers in Karbala, which both Abbas and his brothers rejected; the first amnesty letter was brought by Abdullah ibn Abi al-Mahal ibn Hizam al-Amiri, who was the nephew of Umm al-Banin, the mother of Abbas. He was able to obtain a letter of amnesty from Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad for his cousins and send it to them through his servant. When Abbas and his brothers read this letter of amnesty, they said that we are in the protection of God and have no need for such a disgraceful letter of amnesty<ref>Khwarizmi, Maqtal al-Husayn, 1423 AH, Vol 1, pp. 348-349; Ibn A'tham al-Kufi, al-Futuh, 1411 AH, Vol 5, p. 93.</ref>.

The second letter of amnesty was offered by [[Shimir ibn Dhi al-Jawshan]] on the afternoon of Ashura to Abbas and his brothers and he called him "son of aunt", but received no answer. Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) told them although he is a sinner, answer him. Shimir promised them amnesty on condition of surrender and obedience to [[Yazid]]. Lord Abbas cursed him and his letter of amnesty and said: "O enemy of God! Death upon you who calls us to obedience to disbelief and abandoning the companionship of my brother Hussein"<ref>Ibn Athir, al-Kamil, 1992 CE, Vol 11, p. 162.</ref>.

== See also ==
* [[Karbala]]
* [[Tasua]]
* [[Ashura]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
* See: Book ''Maqatil al-Talibiyyin'' written by Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani.
* See: Book ''Ansab al-Ashraf'' written by Baladhuri.
* See: Book ''al-Futuh'' written by Ibn A'tham al-Kufi.

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Imamzadehs]]
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]]

[[fa:عباس بن علی]]

Draft:Abbas ibn Ali - Revision history

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی