Al-Sayyid Jaʿfar Murtaḍā al-ʿĀmilī - Revision history

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	[[File:Al-Sayyid_Jaʿfar_Murtaḍā_al-ʿĀmilī.jpg\|frameless\|right]]		[[File:Al-Sayyid_Jaʿfar_Murtaḍā_al-ʿĀmilī.jpg\|frameless\|right]]
	'''Al-Sayyid Jaʿfar Murtaḍā al-ʿĀmilī''' (~~{{lang-ar\|~~السيد جعفر مرتضى العاملي~~}};~~ 9 February 1945 – 26 October 2019) was a prominent Lebanese ~~[[Twelver Shi'ism\|~~Twelver Shi'a]] scholar, historian, and biographer. He was renowned for his extensive works on the [[Sīra\|Sīrah]] of the ~~[[Prophets~~ and ~~messengers in~~ Islam~~\|Islamic prophet]] [[~~Muhammad]] and the ~~[[Imamah (Shia doctrine)\|~~Shi'a Imams]], and for his critical approach to historical narratives, seeking to authenticate accounts by relying on what he considered to be reliable sources.<ref name="BNF2026">Bibliothèque nationale de France. (n.d.). ʿĀmilī, Ǧaʿfar Murtaḍā al- (1945-2019). In ''BNF Catalogue général''. Retrieved August 8, 2026, from https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb145798890</ref><ref name="IQNA2019">IQNA. (2019, October 27). Renommierter schiitischer Historiker Sayyid Jafar Murtada al-Amili verstorben. ''IQNA''. https://iqna.ir/de/news/3001840/renommierter-schiitischer-historiker-sayyid-jafar-murtada-al-amili-verstorebn</ref><ref name="ABNA2019">AhlulBayt News Agency. (2019, October 28). Allamah al-Amili devoted his life to defending luminous teachings of Ahl al-Bayt. ''ABNA''. https://en.abna24.com/news/984916/Allamah-al-Amili-devoted-his-life-to-defending-luminous-teachings</ref>		'''Al-Sayyid Jaʿfar Murtaḍā al-ʿĀmilī''' (Arabic:السيد جعفر مرتضى العاملي ) 9 February 1945 – 26 October 2019) was a prominent Lebanese Twelver Shi'a scholar, historian, and biographer. He was renowned for his extensive works on the [[Sīra\|Sīrah]] of the Prophet and messenger of Islam, Muhammad and the Shi'a Imams, and for his critical approach to historical narratives, seeking to authenticate accounts by relying on what he considered to be reliable sources.<ref name="BNF2026">Bibliothèque nationale de France. (n.d.). ʿĀmilī, Ǧaʿfar Murtaḍā al- (1945-2019). In ''BNF Catalogue général''. Retrieved August 8, 2026, from https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb145798890</ref><ref name="IQNA2019">IQNA. (2019, October 27). Renommierter schiitischer Historiker Sayyid Jafar Murtada al-Amili verstorben. ''IQNA''. https://iqna.ir/de/news/3001840/renommierter-schiitischer-historiker-sayyid-jafar-murtada-al-amili-verstorebn</ref><ref name="ABNA2019">AhlulBayt News Agency. (2019, October 28). Allamah al-Amili devoted his life to defending luminous teachings of Ahl al-Bayt. ''ABNA''. https://en.abna24.com/news/984916/Allamah-al-Amili-devoted-his-life-to-defending-luminous-teachings</ref>

	=== Biography ===		=== Biography ===

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			[[File:Al-Sayyid_Jaʿfar_Murtaḍā_al-ʿĀmilī.jpg\|frameless\|right]]
	'''Al-Sayyid Jaʿfar Murtaḍā al-ʿĀmilī''' ({{lang-ar\|السيد جعفر مرتضى العاملي}}; 9 February 1945 – 26 October 2019) was a prominent Lebanese [[Twelver Shi'ism\|Twelver Shi'a]] scholar, historian, and biographer. He was renowned for his extensive works on the [[Sīra\|Sīrah]] of the [[Prophets and messengers in Islam\|Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]] and the [[Imamah (Shia doctrine)\|Shi'a Imams]], and for his critical approach to historical narratives, seeking to authenticate accounts by relying on what he considered to be reliable sources.<ref name="BNF2026">Bibliothèque nationale de France. (n.d.). ʿĀmilī, Ǧaʿfar Murtaḍā al- (1945-2019). In ''BNF Catalogue général''. Retrieved August 8, 2026, from https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb145798890</ref><ref name="IQNA2019">IQNA. (2019, October 27). Renommierter schiitischer Historiker Sayyid Jafar Murtada al-Amili verstorben. ''IQNA''. https://iqna.ir/de/news/3001840/renommierter-schiitischer-historiker-sayyid-jafar-murtada-al-amili-verstorebn</ref><ref name="ABNA2019">AhlulBayt News Agency. (2019, October 28). Allamah al-Amili devoted his life to defending luminous teachings of Ahl al-Bayt. ''ABNA''. https://en.abna24.com/news/984916/Allamah-al-Amili-devoted-his-life-to-defending-luminous-teachings</ref>		'''Al-Sayyid Jaʿfar Murtaḍā al-ʿĀmilī''' ({{lang-ar\|السيد جعفر مرتضى العاملي}}; 9 February 1945 – 26 October 2019) was a prominent Lebanese [[Twelver Shi'ism\|Twelver Shi'a]] scholar, historian, and biographer. He was renowned for his extensive works on the [[Sīra\|Sīrah]] of the [[Prophets and messengers in Islam\|Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]] and the [[Imamah (Shia doctrine)\|Shi'a Imams]], and for his critical approach to historical narratives, seeking to authenticate accounts by relying on what he considered to be reliable sources.<ref name="BNF2026">Bibliothèque nationale de France. (n.d.). ʿĀmilī, Ǧaʿfar Murtaḍā al- (1945-2019). In ''BNF Catalogue général''. Retrieved August 8, 2026, from https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb145798890</ref><ref name="IQNA2019">IQNA. (2019, October 27). Renommierter schiitischer Historiker Sayyid Jafar Murtada al-Amili verstorben. ''IQNA''. https://iqna.ir/de/news/3001840/renommierter-schiitischer-historiker-sayyid-jafar-murtada-al-amili-verstorebn</ref><ref name="ABNA2019">AhlulBayt News Agency. (2019, October 28). Allamah al-Amili devoted his life to defending luminous teachings of Ahl al-Bayt. ''ABNA''. https://en.abna24.com/news/984916/Allamah-al-Amili-devoted-his-life-to-defending-luminous-teachings</ref>

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	=== Scholarly Works and Methodology ===		=== Scholarly Works and Methodology ===
			[[File:الصحیح من سیرة النبی.jpg\|frameless\|right]]
	Al-ʿĀmilī is best known for his major works on early Islamic history, which are written from a Twelver Shi'a perspective. His most famous work is the multi-volume series ''Al-Ṣaḥīḥ min Sīrat al-Nabī al-Aʿẓam'' (The Authentic from the Biography of the Great Prophet). This work, which runs to 35 volumes, is a comprehensive biography of the Prophet Muhammad. In it, al-ʿĀmilī states his aim is to sift through the vast body of historical and [[Hadith\|hadith]] literature—critiquing over 1,600 Sunni and Shi'a sources—to reconstruct what he considered to be an authentic narrative of the Prophet's life, challenging many accounts that he found to be unauthentic or fabricated.<ref name="NoorSoft2026">NoorSoft. (n.d.). Writings of Allamah Sayyid Ja'far Murtada 'Amili. In ''NoorSoft''. Computer Research Center of Islamic Sciences. Retrieved August 8, 2026, from https://www.noorsoft.org/en/software/View/9830/software-program-Writings-of-Allamah-Sayyid-Ja%E2%80%99far-Murtada-%E2%80%98Amili?CategoryItemID=5343</ref><ref name="InternetArchive2026">Internet Archive. (n.d.). Syed Jafar Murtadha Amoli: A distinguished biographer. In ''Internet Archive''. Retrieved August 8, 2026, from https://archive.org/details/syedjafarmurtadhaamoliadistinguishedbiographer/</ref> This work is considered a significant contribution to Shi'a historiography and earned him the ''Book of the Year'' award in Iran.<ref name="Grokipedia2026" />		Al-ʿĀmilī is best known for his major works on early Islamic history, which are written from a Twelver Shi'a perspective. His most famous work is the multi-volume series ''Al-Ṣaḥīḥ min Sīrat al-Nabī al-Aʿẓam'' (The Authentic from the Biography of the Great Prophet). This work, which runs to 35 volumes, is a comprehensive biography of the Prophet Muhammad. In it, al-ʿĀmilī states his aim is to sift through the vast body of historical and [[Hadith\|hadith]] literature—critiquing over 1,600 Sunni and Shi'a sources—to reconstruct what he considered to be an authentic narrative of the Prophet's life, challenging many accounts that he found to be unauthentic or fabricated.<ref name="NoorSoft2026">NoorSoft. (n.d.). Writings of Allamah Sayyid Ja'far Murtada 'Amili. In ''NoorSoft''. Computer Research Center of Islamic Sciences. Retrieved August 8, 2026, from https://www.noorsoft.org/en/software/View/9830/software-program-Writings-of-Allamah-Sayyid-Ja%E2%80%99far-Murtada-%E2%80%98Amili?CategoryItemID=5343</ref><ref name="InternetArchive2026">Internet Archive. (n.d.). Syed Jafar Murtadha Amoli: A distinguished biographer. In ''Internet Archive''. Retrieved August 8, 2026, from https://archive.org/details/syedjafarmurtadhaamoliadistinguishedbiographer/</ref> This work is considered a significant contribution to Shi'a historiography and earned him the ''Book of the Year'' award in Iran.<ref name="Grokipedia2026" />

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'''Al-Sayyid Jaʿfar Murtaḍā al-ʿĀmilī''' ({{lang-ar|السيد جعفر مرتضى العاملي}}; 9 February 1945 – 26 October 2019) was a prominent Lebanese [[Twelver Shi'ism|Twelver Shi'a]] scholar, historian, and biographer. He was renowned for his extensive works on the [[Sīra|Sīrah]] of the [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]] and the [[Imamah (Shia doctrine)|Shi'a Imams]], and for his critical approach to historical narratives, seeking to authenticate accounts by relying on what he considered to be reliable sources.<ref name="BNF2026">Bibliothèque nationale de France. (n.d.). ʿĀmilī, Ǧaʿfar Murtaḍā al- (1945-2019). In ''BNF Catalogue général''. Retrieved August 8, 2026, from https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb145798890</ref><ref name="IQNA2019">IQNA. (2019, October 27). Renommierter schiitischer Historiker Sayyid Jafar Murtada al-Amili verstorben. ''IQNA''. https://iqna.ir/de/news/3001840/renommierter-schiitischer-historiker-sayyid-jafar-murtada-al-amili-verstorebn</ref><ref name="ABNA2019">AhlulBayt News Agency. (2019, October 28). Allamah al-Amili devoted his life to defending luminous teachings of Ahl al-Bayt. ''ABNA''. https://en.abna24.com/news/984916/Allamah-al-Amili-devoted-his-life-to-defending-luminous-teachings</ref>

=== Biography ===

Al-ʿĀmilī was born on 9 February 1945 in the village of [[Aita al-Jabal|ʿAytā al-Jabal]], in the [[Jabal Amel]] region of southern Lebanon, into a family claiming descent from [[Husayn ibn Ali|Husayn ibn Zayd ibn ʿAlī ibn al-Husayn]].<ref name="BNF2026" /><ref name="Grokipedia2026">Grokipedia. (n.d.). Sayyid Jafar Morteza Amili. In ''Grokipedia''. Retrieved August 8, 2026, from https://grokipedia.com/page/sayyid_jafar_morteza_amili</ref> He began his religious education informally under his father before pursuing advanced studies in the traditional Shi'a seminaries ([[Hawza]]). In 1962, he moved to [[Najaf]], Iraq, to study at its famous [[Seminary of Najaf|hawza]], and in 1968 he relocated to [[Qom]], Iran, to continue his education at the [[Qom Seminary|seminary there]]. In Qom, he studied under prominent scholars such as [[Sayyid Musa Shubayri Zanjani]] and [[Murtaḍā Ḥāʾirī Yazdī]], and over a period of 25 years, he conducted extensive research on Shi'a history and beliefs. He also founded a study circle for scholars from Jabal Amel and taught at Tarbiat Modarres University.<ref name="Grokipedia2026" />

Al-ʿĀmilī returned to Lebanon in 1993, during the [[Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon|Israeli occupation of the south]], and established a research center in [[Beirut]]. He also founded a Shi'a seminary in 1998, with a focus on promoting the principles of the [[Imamate in Shia doctrine|Imamate]] and [[Wilayah]].<ref name="Grokipedia2026" /> He was a prolific author and a major figure in the Shi'a scholarly world.<ref name="ABNA2019" /> Al-ʿĀmilī died on 26 October 2019 in Beirut at the age of 74, after a long illness, and was buried in his birthplace, ʿAytā al-Jabal.<ref name="BNF2026" /><ref name="IQNA2019" />

=== Scholarly Works and Methodology ===

Al-ʿĀmilī is best known for his major works on early Islamic history, which are written from a Twelver Shi'a perspective. His most famous work is the multi-volume series ''Al-Ṣaḥīḥ min Sīrat al-Nabī al-Aʿẓam'' (The Authentic from the Biography of the Great Prophet). This work, which runs to 35 volumes, is a comprehensive biography of the Prophet Muhammad. In it, al-ʿĀmilī states his aim is to sift through the vast body of historical and [[Hadith|hadith]] literature—critiquing over 1,600 Sunni and Shi'a sources—to reconstruct what he considered to be an authentic narrative of the Prophet's life, challenging many accounts that he found to be unauthentic or fabricated.<ref name="NoorSoft2026">NoorSoft. (n.d.). Writings of Allamah Sayyid Ja'far Murtada 'Amili. In ''NoorSoft''. Computer Research Center of Islamic Sciences. Retrieved August 8, 2026, from https://www.noorsoft.org/en/software/View/9830/software-program-Writings-of-Allamah-Sayyid-Ja%E2%80%99far-Murtada-%E2%80%98Amili?CategoryItemID=5343</ref><ref name="InternetArchive2026">Internet Archive. (n.d.). Syed Jafar Murtadha Amoli: A distinguished biographer. In ''Internet Archive''. Retrieved August 8, 2026, from https://archive.org/details/syedjafarmurtadhaamoliadistinguishedbiographer/</ref> This work is considered a significant contribution to Shi'a historiography and earned him the ''Book of the Year'' award in Iran.<ref name="Grokipedia2026" />

His other major works include a similar project on the life of [[Ali|Imam ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib]], titled ''Al-Ṣaḥīḥ min Sīrat al-Imām ʿAlī'', and a work dedicated to [[Fatimah|Fatima al-Zahra]], titled ''Maʿṣat al-Zahrāʾ (Shubuhāt wa Rudūd)'' (The Tragedy of Fatima al-Zahra: Doubts and Responses).<ref name="NoorSoft2026" /><ref name="Grokipedia2026" /> In the latter, he addresses theological and historical objections raised against Shia narratives concerning the life and martyrdom of the Prophet's daughter.

Other notable works cover a wide range of subjects, including the political life of [[Ali al-Ridha|Imam ʿAlī al-Riḍā]] (''Al-Ḥayāt al-Siyāsiyyah lil-Imām al-Riḍā''), [[Mahdiism]] (''Dirāsah fī ʿAlāmāt al-Ẓuhūr''),<ref name="Princeton2026">Princeton University Library. (n.d.). Dirāsah fī ʻalāmāt al-ẓuhūr wa-al-Jazīrah al-khaḍrāʼ [Catalog record]. In ''Princeton University Library Catalog''. Retrieved August 8, 2026, from https://catalog.princeton.edu/catalog/SCSB-3088155</ref> and the history of medicine and medical ethics.<ref name="NoorSoft2026" /> He also wrote on the concept of [[Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist|Wilayat al-Faqih]] from a historical perspective.<ref name="BookDelivery2022">al-ʿĀmilī, S. J. M. (2022). ''The guardianship of the jurist and the theory of Islamic governance: A historical perspective''. ICAS Press. https://www.bookdelivery.com/eg-en/book-the-guardianship-of-the-jurist-and-the-theory-of-islamic-governance-a-historical-perspective/9781956276268/p/54821062</ref> His scholarly output was prolific, with his collected works being published in a software program containing 17 books in 83 volumes.<ref name="NoorSoft2026" />

Al-ʿĀmilī's methodology is characterized by an [[Ijtihad|ijtihādī]] approach, involving a critical and source-based authentication of historical traditions. He sought to expose what he viewed as fabrications in historical accounts and to defend Shia doctrines against criticisms.<ref name="Grokipedia2026" /> This rigorous style has been described as pioneering and influential on subsequent generations of Shi'a scholars and activists.<ref name="ABNA2019" /><ref name="Grokipedia2026" />

== References ==
<references />