Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

2026-05-07T10:42:00Z

ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

New page

{{Infobox sects and denominations
| Title = Abu Muslimiyya
| Image =
| Caption =
| Name = Abu Muslimiyya
| Common Name =
| Formation Date =
| Formation Century =
| Origin =
| Founder = Attributed to Abu Muslim al-Khurāsānī
| Beliefs = Belief in reincarnation and licentiousness
}}
'''Abū Muslimiyya''' was a sect attributed to [[Abu Muslim al-Khurāsānī]] who considered him alive and immortal and believed in his [[Raj'ah]] (return).

== Views and Beliefs of the Abu Muslimiyya ==
Most of these sects from the tribes of [[Hululiyya]], [[Ishaqiyya (Ghulat)|Ishaqiyya]], [[Rawandiyya]], [[Sunbadhiyya]], [[Ablaqiyya]], [[Mubayyida|Mubayyiḍa]], [[Babakiyya]], [[Barkukiyya]], and [[Razzamiyya]] are counted among the Abu Muslimiyya. Apparently, Abu Muslim himself, before joining [[Imam Ibrahim|Imam Ibrahim]], had close relations with "[[Kaysaniyya]]" and "[[Mughiriyya]]", which were two sects of the [[Ghulat|Ghulat Shi'a]], and in addition to their reincarnationist beliefs influencing his thoughts, he believed that souls after departing from their bodies are transferred to other bodies. Nawbakhti writes that the Abu Muslimiyya said: Abu Muslim has not died and is alive, and they deemed any action permissible to the extent that they neglected all obligatory duties. The Abu Muslimiyya consider faith only as knowing the Imam, and since the [[Khurramiyya]] were the founders of their religion, they were called Khurramiyya.

== In the Statement of Muhammad ibn Ishaq al-Nadim ==
[[Ibn al-Nadim|Muhammad ibn Ishaq al-Nadim]] in the book ''[[The Fihrist (book)|The Fihrist]]'' writes: Among the beliefs that became common in [[Khurasan]] after Islam was the belief in the Imamate of Abu Muslim by the Abu Muslimiyya, and they said that he is alive and immortal and will appear at a specific time known only to himself. Ishaq al-Turk from the Ishaqiyya tribe, which was a branch of the Abu Muslimiyya, went to Turkistan and the lands of [[Transoxiana]] and there invited people to Abu Muslim, saying that he is imprisoned in the mountains of Ray and will soon appear.

== In the Statement of Abu al-Qasim al-Balkhi ==
[[Abu al-Qasim al-Balkhi]] says: A group of the Muslimiyya are called "[[Khurram-Diniyya]]", and I have heard that there is a sect of them near us who live in the village of Khurramabad (probably Khurramabad) and are in a state of fear and dread of the [[Muslims]]. Al-Mas'udi writes: "[[Haryaniyya]]" were a sect who first believed in the Imamate of [[Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya|Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya]] and then joined the "[[Rawandiyya]]" and thereafter became followers of the "[[Abu Muslimiyya]]" and believe that Abu Muslim was the founder of the Banu al-Abbas government nicknamed Haryan, and for this reason, this sect is called "[[Haryaniyya]]".

Apparently, the word Haryaniyya should be a corruption of Hayyaniyya, who were the companions of Hayyan al-Siraj, who were counted among "[[Kaysaniyya]]" and supporters of the Imamate of [[Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya|Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya]] and did not consider any right for [[Hasan ibn Ali (al-Mujtaba)|Hasan ibn Ali (peace be upon him)]] and [[Husayn ibn Ali (Sayyid al-Shuhada)|Husayn ibn Ali (peace be upon him)]] in the Imamate.

== In the Words of Abd al-Qahir al-Baghdadi ==
[[Abd al-Qahir al-Baghdadi]] says: The Abu Muslimiyya have spoken extravagantly about Abu Muslim and imagined that he is God due to the indwelling of the Spirit of God in him, and they consider him better than [[Gabriel]] and [[Michael]] and other angels and said that Abu Muslim is alive and they are awaiting him. The Abu Muslimiyya are called "[[Barkukiyya]]" in Merv and Herat, and whenever someone is asked about the one who al-Mansur killed, they respond that: He was Satan who manifested in the form of Abu Muslim and was killed by al-Mansur. The owner of ''Tabsirat al-Awam'' writes: These sects are linked to the [[Shi'a]] because Abu Muslim rose up and killed many of the enemies of God and enemies of the Family of Muhammad (peace be upon him and his progeny) and others, which is a mistake, and the Abu Muslimiyya are neither from the [[Shi'a]] nor from the sects of the [[Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah|Sunnis]]; since Abu Muslim's belief was that the Imamate is by "inheritance" not by "designation" as the [[Shi'a madhhab|Shi'as]] say, nor by "selection" as the Sunnis say. The Abu Muslimiyya believe that after the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) the "[[Imamate]]" belonged to Abbas, [[Abu Bakr]] and [[Uthman]] wronged him, and he rose up for that purpose to overthrow the [[Umayyads|Banu Umayya]] and give the emirate to the [[Abbasids|Banu al-Abbas]] as he did. And if he had the belief that the Imamate belonged to the Commander of the Faithful [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Ali (peace be upon him)]], after the destruction of the Banu Umayya he would have given it to [[Ja'far ibn Muhammad (al-Sadiq)|Imam al-Sadiq (peace be upon him)]] not to al-Saffah, and the "[[Rawandiyya]]" were followers of Abu Muslim in this creed. A group of them say: Abu Muslim is alive and nothing of the obligations and [[prayer]], [[fasting]], [[zakat]], and [[pilgrimage]] is obligatory, and [[faith]] and [[religion]] are in two things: First, knowledge of the Imam, second, knowledge of keeping.

== Sects Supporting Abu Muslim ==

=== Barkukiyya ===
The Barkukiyya were a group of believers in [[ابومسلم]] who resided in Merv and Herat and claimed: the one who was killed by Mansur was [[شیطان]] who had taken the form of Abu Muslim. [[برکوکیه|«Barkukiyya]]» lived in [[ماوراءالنهر]] until around the year 440 AH and were counted among the tribes of "[[حلولیه]]".

=== Sunbadhiyya ===
'''Sunbadh''' was a Zoroastrian man named ''Piruz Ispahbadh'' and belonged to the village of Ahruwana in [[نیشابور]]. He had a history of friendship with Abu Muslim and advanced in his court, reaching the rank of Sipahsalar (commander-in-chief). Since the time Abu Muslim went from [[ری]] to the Caliph, he entrusted his treasures to him. After Abu Muslim was killed, Sunbadh rose to avenge him, took control of Qumis (Semnan) and Rey, and seized Abu Muslim's treasures. It is said the cause of his uprising was that one of the Arabs of Khurasan, with the help of other Arabs, had conspired and secretly killed his son; he joined Abu Muslim's companions to take revenge on the Arabs. Tabari writes: Most of Sunbadh's companions were from the province of Jibal or Kuhistan. His work grew so much that more than one hundred thousand people joined him. Mansur, the Abbasid Caliph, sent one of his commanders named Jahwar ibn Murra al-Ijli with ten thousand men to fight him. This battle, according to Tabari, took place between Hamadan and [[ری‌|ری]], and Sunbadh was defeated and fled. While fleeing, between Qumis and [[طبرستان]], he was killed by an Iranian named Luyan (Lunan) al-Tabari. Shahrastani writes: The Ghulat in [[اصفهان]] are called "Khurramiyya" and "Kudakiyya" (Barkukiyya), and in Rey "Mazdakiyya", and in [[آذربایجان]] "Dhaquliyya", and in another place "[[محمره(سرخ جامگان)|محمره]]" meaning Red-Clothed Ones, and in Transoxiana "Mubayyida" meaning White-Clothed Ones.

=== Behafaridiyya ===
During the time of Abu Muslim's power in Khurasan, a man of Zoroastrian origin named ''Behafarid ibn Mah Farvardin'' in the village of Khwaf from [[نیشابور]] in the district of Sirawand, claimed reforms in the religion of [[زرتشت|زردشت]] with his uprising. It is said his origin was from the village of Zuzan (Khurasan). He traveled from [[خراسان]] to [[چین]] and stayed there for seven years, and when he returned, he brought amazing things with him, including a green, thin, and soft shirt of Chinese silk that fit entirely in the palm of his hand, and he considered it one of his miracles. Behafarid made seven [[نماز]] prayers obligatory for his followers: First: in the Oneness of God, Second: in the Creation of the heavens and earth, Third: in the creation of animals and their sustenance, Fourth: in Death, Fifth: in [[رستاخیز]] and Account and Day of Reckoning, Sixth: in prayer both for the people of [[بهشت]] and [[دوزخ]], and Seventh: prayer in praise of the people of Heaven alone. He wrote a book in Persian for his followers and ordered them to pray kneeling on one knee towards the source of the sun, and wherever they be, face the sun and dishevel their hair, and when eating, not recite verses (i.e., do not murmur) and not kill quadrupeds unless they are old. When Abu Muslim came to Nishapur, the Zoroastrian "Mobads" and "Herbads" came to him and said this man has corrupted [[اسلام]] and our religion. Abu Muslim killed him and his followers. Shahrastani says: The Behafaridiyya are also called "Siyania". Behafarid was a manifestation of the reformist Iranian thought during Abu Muslim's period in Khurasan who was eliminated by Abu Muslim himself. Perhaps the reason for his killing was nothing other than that in the early days of Abu Muslim's uprising in the mountains of Badghis and the heart of Khurasan, he created a movement that hindered the concentration of Abu Muslim's political power.

=== Brazbandiyya ===
Another uprising that occurred in Khurasan following Abu Muslim was the uprising of a man of Zoroastrian origin named ''Brazbandeh'', which in Pahlavi language is ''Varazbandeh'' and in Persian language means ''Gorazbandeh'' (Boar-binder). Brazbandeh was the son of Bamrun. Mansur, the Abbasid Caliph, sent his chief of police Abd al-Jabbar to the province of Khurasan, but Abd al-Jabbar intended betrayal and joined Brazbandeh. Brazbandeh claimed that he was Ibrahim ibn Abdullah al-Hashimi and initially he was from the "[[کیسانیه|کیسانیان]]". Abd al-Jabbar joined him, and since he was of the White-Clothed Ones, Abd al-Jabbar abandoned the black Abbasid flag and chose the white flag and called people to obey Brazbandeh and killed some of the Khuzaians; because they did not accept Brazbandeh's invitation. Mansur gave Khurasan to his son Mahdi, and he sent Harb ibn Ziyad to fight Abd al-Jabbar. In that battle, Brazbandeh was killed by Harb and Abd al-Jabbar was defeated and eventually captured and imprisoned (Saturday, 6th of Rabi' al-Awwal, year 142 AH)<ref> Meshkur, Mohammad Javad. ''Farhang-e Feragh-e Eslami''; Mashhad, Astan Quds Razavi Publications; Year 1372 SH; 2nd Edition, p. 20 with minor edits. </ref><ref>Abu Rayhan Biruni; ''Al-Athar al-Baqiya an al-Qurun al-Khaliya''; Leipzig Edition; Year 1923 CE; p. 210.</ref><ref>Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir; ''Tarikh al-Umam wa al-Muluk''; 13 Volumes; Leiden Year 1876-1901 CE, Vol 10, p. 119.</ref><ref>Sani Razi, Sayyid Murtaza; ''Tabsirat al-Awam fi Ma'rifat Maqalat al-Anam''; Edited by Abbas Iqbal Ashtiani; Tehran, Year 1313 CE; p. 178.</ref><ref>Nawbakhti, Hasan ibn Musa; ''Firaq al-Shi'a Nawbakhti''; Translated and Verified by Mohammad Javad Meshkur; Tehran, Markaz Scientific and Cultural Publications; p. 75.</ref><ref>Gardizi, Abu Sa'id Abd al-Hayy ibn Zahhak; ''Zayn al-Akhbar''; Edited by Mohammad Nazim; Berlin; Year 1928 CE, Tehran Year 1327 SH; ''History of Sassanians to Saffarids'' Edited by Sa'id Nafisi; Tehran Year 1333 SH, p. 123.</ref><ref>Baghdadi, Abd al-Qahir; ''Al-Farq Bayn al-Firaq''; Edited by Muhammad Zahid ibn Hasan al-Kawthari; Cairo, Year 1948 CE; p. 155 (Al-Barkukiyya) and p. 215.</ref><ref>Ibn Hazm Andalusian; ''Al-Fasl fi al-Milal wa al-Ahwa' wa al-Nihal''; Five Volumes, Egypt, Year 1347 AH, Vol 1, p. 77.</ref><ref>Ibn Nadim; ''Al-Fihrist''; Verified by Reza Tajaddud, Tehran; Asadi Publications; Year 1391 SH, p. 65 and p. 614.</ref><ref>Ibn Athir; ''Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh''; Authored by Izz al-Din Ibn al-Athir al-Jazari; 14 Volumes, Tornberg; Leiden, Year 76-1866. Vol 5, p. 481.</ref><ref>Mas'udi, Ali ibn Husayn; ''Muruj al-Dhahab''; 9 Volumes, Paris, Year 1861 CE, Vol 3, p. 169 and p. 220.</ref><ref>Qadi Abd al-Jabbar; ''Al-Mughni fi Abwab al-Tawhid wa al-Adl''; Verified by Dr. Abd al-Halim Mahmud and Dr. Sulayman Dunya; Cairo; Vol 2, p. 178.</ref><ref>Ash'ari Qummi, Sa'd ibn Abdullah; ''Al-Maqalat wa al-Firaq''; Verified by Mohammad Javad Meshkur; Tehran, Year 1963 CE, p. 64 and 195.</ref><ref>Shahrastani, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Karim; ''Al-Milal wa al-Nihal''; Translated by Afzal al-Din Sadr Turka Isfahani; Corrected by Sayyid Mohammad Reza Jalali Na'ini, Tehran; Year 1321 SH, p. 155.</ref>.

== Footnotes ==
{{پانویس}}

{{فرق و مذاهب}}

[[رده:فرق و مذاهب]]

Abu Muslimiyya - Revision history

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی