Wikivahdat - User contributions [en]

Draft:Qari Fasihuddin

2026-10-28T11:58:31Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Qari Fasihuddin
| image = قاری فصیح الدین1.jpg
| birth_place = Afghanistan
| occupation = Military leader of the [[Taliban]]
}}

'''Qari Fasihuddin Badakhshani''' is a military leader of the [[Taliban]]. He was appointed as the Chief of Army Staff (Loy Dristiz) of the current Afghanistan in the cabinet list of the Taliban Islamic Emirate government in August 2021 (CE)<ref>https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B5%DB%8C%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9�t6</ref>.

==Activities==
Qari Fasihuddin is from the Tajiks of Badakhshan province and has been one of the most important military commanders of the [[Taliban]] group, serving as a Taliban governor in past periods.

During the attack on Panjshir province, he was in command of the Taliban forces, and news of his death was also published, but [[Zabihullah Mujahid]], the Taliban spokesman and deputy of the Ministry of Information and Culture of the Taliban cabinet, denied it. He is also known by the title Conqueror of the North and Conqueror of Panjshir.

Currently, he is the only person of Tajik ethnicity observed in the new cabinet of the Taliban group and has been appointed as the commander of the Taliban army<ref>https://www.irna.ir/news/84463854/%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87-%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86</ref><ref>https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B5%DB%8C%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9�t6</ref>.

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
# Adapted from Wikipedia website;
# Adapted from IRNA news agency;

[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Political figures]]
[[Category:Taliban]]
[[Category:Afghanistan]]

[[fa:قاری فصیح الدین]]

Draft:Qari Ahmadullah

2026-10-28T11:51:52Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Qari Ahmadullah
| image = قاری احمدالله.jpg
| birth_date = 1975 CE
| birth_place = Paktia Province, Afghanistan
| death_date = 27 December 2001
| occupation = Politician from [[Afghanistan]] and member of the Taliban
}}

'''Qari Ahmadullah''' (1975 – 27 December 2001) was a politician from [[Afghanistan]] and a member of the Taliban.

== Positions ==

He was the first Minister of Interior Affairs or Minister of Interior of the [[Taliban]] in 1996.

== Current Status ==

Since 2002, no precise information regarding his survival has been available<ref>[https://ewikifa.top/wiki/Qari_Ahmadullah Qari Ahmadullah]</ref>.

== Notes ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Political figures]]
[[Category:Taliban]]
[[Category:Afghanistan]]

[[fa:قاری احمدالله]]

Draft:Ali al-Zaidi

2026-10-28T09:40:42Z

Translationbot: افزودن لینک‌های بین‌زبانی موقت (تا زمان هماهنگی ویکی‌بیس)

{{Infobox person
| name = Ali al-Zaidi
| image = علی الزیدی.jpg
| full_name = Ali Shaker Mahmoud al-Zaidi
| other_names = Dr. Ali al-Zaidi
| birth_year = 1986 CE
| birth_place = {{flatlist| [[Iraq]]| Dhi Qar Province}}
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Shia Islam|Shia]]
| occupation = {{flatlist| Candidate for Prime Minister of Iraq | Chairman of the National Holding Company | President of Al-Shaab University | President of South Iraq Bank}}
}}

'''Ali al-Zaidi''' is an Iraqi capitalist, economist, and technocrat who was introduced as the candidate for Prime Minister of [[Iraq]] by the Coordination Framework coalition on 27 April 2026 CE, and was tasked by [[Nizar Amidi]], the President of Iraq, to form a new cabinet. Prior to entering politics, al-Zaidi has a long background in the private sector, banking, and economic management, and if he assumes the position of Prime Minister, he will become the youngest Prime Minister in the history of [[Iraq]].

== Biography ==
Ali al-Zaidi was born in Dhi Qar Province in southern Iraq in 1986 CE. He pursued his studies in law, finance, and banking, holding a Bachelor's degree in Law, and Bachelor's and Master's degrees in Finance and Banking. Some sources also indicate that he holds a PhD in Public Law. Al-Zaidi is known as a technocrat figure without direct political background, having gained extensive executive and managerial experience in the private sector.

== Activities ==
Al-Zaidi has diverse records in managing economic, educational, and medical institutions, including the following:

* Chairman of the National Holding Company: He heads a large private investment group that owns and manages numerous companies with various activities.
* President of South Iraq Bank: He has a history of presiding over one of the country's important banks.
* President of Al-Shaab University: Al-Zaidi has served as the head of a private university in Baghdad.
* Management of Medical Institutions: He also has experience managing the "Ishtar Medical" institute.
* Legal and Financial Records: He possesses multiple experiences in legal, financial, and executive fields.
Unlike many other Prime Ministerial candidates who had long political backgrounds, al-Zaidi has never held an official political or government position, and his name was only raised about a month ago as a solution to exit Iraq's political deadlocks.

== Mission to Form Government ==
=== Selection and Mission ===
Following long-term political deadlocks in Iraq after the 2025 CE parliamentary elections, and despite the failure of previous candidacies such as "[[Nouri al-Maliki]]" (due to American opposition) and "Bassem al-Badri", the Coordination Framework (Shia coalition) finally reached an agreement. Nouri al-Maliki submitted a list including three candidates, among whom the name of Ali al-Zaidi was accepted by the camp of [[Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani]].

On 27 April 2026, [[Nizar Amidi]], the President of Iraq, tasked al-Zaidi as the candidate of the majority faction to form the new government. Amidi called on political currents to support al-Zaidi to accelerate the realization of constitutional duties. "Heibat al-Halbousi", the Speaker of the Iraqi Parliament, also welcomed this mission.

=== Programs and Viewpoints ===
In his first statement after receiving the mission, al-Zaidi emphasized his decision to cooperate with all political currents to form a government responsive to citizens' demands. His programs focus on the following:

* Structural Reforms: Carrying out comprehensive reforms in the body of the government.
* Economic Development: Achieving sustainable economic development and stabilizing oil revenues.
* Youth Participation: Activating youth in society and creating effective communication channels between the education system and the labor market.
* International Status: Transforming Iraq into a balanced and influential country at the regional and international levels.

Al-Zaidi announced that addressing internal and external challenges, including security tensions arising from regional disputes (particularly between [[United States|America]] and [[Iran]]), is among his work priorities. He has a 30-day deadline to form the cabinet and present it to the Parliament to gain a vote of confidence.

== See also ==
* [[Nouri al-Maliki]]
* [[Nizar Amidi]]
* [[Iraq]]

== References ==
* [https://www.tabnak.ir/fa/news/1369620/%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%AF-%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA Who is Ali al-Zaidi, the Candidate for Prime Minister of Iraq?, Tabnak Website], Published 28 April 2026, Retrieved 2 May 2026.

[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Political figures]]
[[Category:Iraq]]

[[fa:علی الزیدی]]


[[ar:علي الزيدي]]
[[fa:علی الزیدی]]
[[ur:علی الزیدی]]

Draft:Alireza Tangsiri

2026-10-28T09:33:49Z

Translationbot: افزودن لینک‌های بین‌زبانی موقت (تا زمان هماهنگی ویکی‌بیس)

{{Infobox person
| name = Alireza Tangsiri
| image = علیرضا تنگسیری.jpg
| other_names = {{flatlist|Martyr Alireza Tangsiri| Standard-bearer of the [[Persian Gulf]] and [[Strait of Hormuz]]}}
| birth_date = 1962/1963 (CE)
| birth_place = {{flatlist|[[Islamic Republic of Iran|Iran]]| [[Bushehr Province]]| [[Tangestan County]]}}
| death_date = 30 March 2026 (CE)
| death_cause = Injuries sustained during the [[2026 US and Israel attack on Iran|US and Israel attack on Iran]] in the [[Ramadan War]] while organizing forces in the islands and coasts of the [[Persian Gulf]] and [[Strait of Hormuz]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Shia Islam|Shia]]
| occupation = {{flatlist|Commander during the honorable era of the [[Iran-Iraq War|Sacred Defense]]| Standard-bearer of the [[Persian Gulf]] and [[Strait of Hormuz]]| Commander of the 1st Naval Region of the IRGC| Deputy Commander of the IRGC Navy| Commander of the Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps}}
}}

'''Alireza Tangsiri''' was one of the commanders during the honorable era of the [[Iran-Iraq War|Sacred Defense]], the standard-bearer of the [[Persian Gulf]] and [[Strait of Hormuz]], and the Commander of the 1st Naval Region of the IRGC. He served as the Deputy Commander of the IRGC Navy and was appointed as the Commander of the Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps in 2018 (CE), by [[Ali Khamenei|the Supreme Leader]], upon the recommendation of the Commander-in-Chief of the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]].

== Biography ==
Alireza Tangsiri was born in 1962 (CE) in [[Tangestan County]], [[Bushehr Province]], and due to his father's job position in the Arvand Kenar region, he migrated to [[Khuzestan Province]]. His father was a captain, and he grew up in a family of fishermen and sailors.

== Positions ==
* Commander of the 1st Naval Region of the IRGC from 2006 (CE) to 2010 (CE);
* Deputy Commander of the IRGC Navy from 2010 (CE) to 2018 (CE);
* Commander of the Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps from 2018 (CE) until martyrdom.

== Appointment as Naval Commander and IRGC Coordinating Deputy ==
[[Ali Khamenei|Ayatollah Ali Khamenei]], the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, appointed Rear Admiral Alireza Tangsiri as the Commander of the Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps in separate decrees.

In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Rear Admiral Alireza Tangsiri

Upon the recommendation of the Commander-in-Chief of the IRGC and considering your commitment, competence, and valuable experience, I appoint you as the Commander of the Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. Utilizing devout and revolutionary personnel, upgrading training, skills, equipment, and naval facilities, and intelligence oversight coupled with the growing development of combat power and readiness, spiritual and insightful excellence, attention to livelihood needs with the approach of building a mobile and growing navy aligned with the [[Islamic Revolution|Islamic Revolution]], in effective and synergistic interaction with the great family of the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|IRGC]] and Basij and relevant military and government sections in naval affairs is expected. I thank and appreciate the sincere efforts and services of Rear Admiral Ali Fedavi during his period of responsibility.
I ask God Almighty for everyone's success.
[[Ali Khamenei]]
23 August 2018

== Detention of Foreign Vessels and Personnel in the Persian Gulf ==
During Martyr Tangsiri's tenure in the IRGC Navy, several incidents related to the detention of foreign vessels and personnel occurred in the [[Persian Gulf]]. Among them:

=== Detention of Some British Sailors in the Persian Gulf ===
On 1 December 2009 (CE), when General Tangsiri was the Commander of the 1st Naval Region of the IRGC, a number of British sailors were detained in the [[Persian Gulf]]. In reaction to the news of the detention of these sailors, he said: If the British have been detained in the Persian Gulf, it is certainly clear by which force of the country they have been detained. In a conversation about the IRGC Navy's dominance over the [[Persian Gulf]] and [[Strait of Hormuz]], he said: Any vessel that enters the Persian Gulf and Strait of Hormuz is under our control, and this is part of the inherent missions of the IRGC Navy.

=== Detention of 10 American Sailors by the IRGC in the Persian Gulf ===
Also, during General Tangsiri's deputy command of the IRGC Navy, the incident of the detention of 10 American sailors by the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|IRGC]] in the [[Persian Gulf]] occurred. This happened amidst the implementation of the JCPOA and turned into a diplomatic crisis between Iran and the US.

=== Warning by Iranian Boats to a US Warship ===
In another incident, Iranian boats approached a US warship. General Tangsiri said regarding this: Army and IRGC forces reached the US warship, marked it with spray, and also fired flares.

== Military Achievements of the IRGC Navy ==
During General Tangsiri's command of the IRGC Navy, in 2022 (CE), he announced that this force had begun constructing "Shahpad" (remote-controlled vessels), and then announced that we have Shahpad (remote-controlled vessels) with [[Artificial Intelligence]] that has one leader unit and 30 follower units, and if the leader is destroyed, another replaces it.
In 2024 (CE), he said in speeches: Today our pride is that we have started constructing guided missile-launching vessels (Shahpad). During his 7 years of command over the IRGC Navy, this force acquired new military equipment; including the Shahid Bagheri drone-carrying vessel and also equipping the IRGC Navy with sea-launched cruise missiles.
In other cases during his command, several missile cities were unveiled along the coast of the [[Persian Gulf]]. In 2021 (CE), during an interview, he said: The underground missile cities of the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|IRGC]] along the coast of the [[Persian Gulf]] and the Oman Sea have a depth of more than 70 kilometers. These cities are fully armed, and our missiles are capable of being launched from within the cities themselves. Not only missile cities, but there are also vessel cities."

== Categories ==
[[Category:Iranian military personnel]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy]]
[[Category:People from Bushehr Province]]
[[Category:Martyrs of the Ramadan War]]

== Interwiki ==
[[fa:علیرضا تنگسیری]]

== Construction Achievements of the IRGC Navy ==

Among his measures during the command of Commander Tangsiri was the initiation of residential construction on the Iranian islands of the [[Persian Gulf]], ordered by the martyred Leader of the Revolution; he stated in an interview in 1399 SH (2020 CE): We have created an international airport on Greater Tunb; an airport has also been built on Lesser Tunb, and the IRGC Navy has also created more than 50 breakwaters for the people. He also said: We intend to prepare the islands of the Persian Gulf for people's residence by creating residential infrastructure, and this is the order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief that people should live on the islands. When the first person of the country says we must prepare that place for people's residence, it means we are seeking regional security.

== Placement on Sanctions List ==

On 24 June 2019 CE, the [[United States|America]] Department of State placed Alireza Tangsiri's name along with seven other IRGC commanders on the sanctions list. These sanctions were imposed due to the alleged role of these individuals in [[Iran]]'s missile program and incidents involving commercial ships in international waters.
Also, on 20 July 2023 CE, the European Union sanctioned six officials of the Islamic Republic of Iran, including Alireza Tangsiri, due to their alleged role in sending air defense systems to Syria and delivering drones to Russia. These sanctions include travel restrictions, asset freezes, and prohibition of any financial transactions with European citizens and companies.

== Martyrdom ==

Alireza Tangsiri was [[Martyrdom|martyred]] on 10 Farvardin 1405 SH (30 March 2026 CE) due to injuries sustained during the [[2026 US and Israel attack on Iran|2026 US and Israel attack on Iran]] in the [[Ramadan War]] while organizing forces on the islands and coasts of the [[Persian Gulf]] and [[Strait of Hormuz]]<ref>[https://www.jamaran.news/fa/tiny/news-1703272 About the Architect of Maritime Security; Who is Alireza Tangsiri?, Jamaran News and Information Website].</ref> [citation needed]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== Reactions ==
[[File:علیرضا تنگسیری 1.jpg|frameless|left|]]

=== Supreme Leader of the Revolution ===
The Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, [[Seyyed Mojtaba Khamenei|Ayatollah Seyyed Mojtaba Khamenei]], issued a message following the martyrdom of Rear Admiral Alireza Tangsiri.

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

'''{{Quran verse|And never think of those who have been killed in the cause of Allah as dead. Rather, they are alive with their Lord, receiving provision.|Surah = Al-Imran|Verse = 169}}'''

The zealous and brave commander of the Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, Rear Admiral Alireza Tangsiri, was adorned with the status of martyrdom after years of struggle. His [[Martyrdom]], that of the courageous son of Tangestan, the soldier of Iran and the guardian of Islam in the epic of the Third Imposed War, is considered a great document of honor for the brave people of Bushehr, the youth of the southern region, the armed forces of the Islamic Republic, and the nation of Iran, who are always the guardians of the independence and blue borders of Iran, especially the [[Persian Gulf]], so that they may traverse the path of Iran's naval power and resistance stronger and more firmly than before, God willing.
I congratulate and offer condolences on the martyrdom of that warrior commander to his esteemed family, comrades, and commanders of the Navy and the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]], and I ask God Almighty for the exaltation of the degrees of that martyr.

Seyyed Mojtaba Hosseini Khamenei
10 Farvardin 1405 SH (30 March 2026 CE)

=== President of the Islamic Republic of Iran ===
Dr. Masoud Pezeshkian, President of the Islamic Republic of Iran, offered condolences in a message on the martyrdom of Rear Admiral Major General Alireza Tangsiri, commander of the Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. The text of the President's message is as follows:

In the name of the Lord of the Martyrs and the Truthful

The sea-hearted Rear Admiral, the victorious commander of Islam, Major General Alireza Tangsiri, was honored with the ornament of martyrdom and joined the caravan of martyrs following years of struggle, resistance, and service. He, who was from the lineage of the brave men of Tangestan, with exemplary skill, power, awe, and authority, upgraded the Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps in the blue waters of the [[Persian Gulf]] with all his might, so that in such days, like a huge dam against invaders and aggressors, they would defend the entity of the Islamic Iran zealously. Therefore, he became the thorn in the eye of ruthless enemies, who considered his elimination a major goal for themselves, whereas martyrdom is a great honor for the men of men of Iran, and the flag of honor, resistance, and independence is raised higher with the shedding of blood of each of the brave men of this land.
I offer condolences on the martyrdom of this warrior guardian of Iran and Islam to the Supreme Leadership, his comrades in the IRGC and the Army, and also the great and bereaved nation of Iran, and I ask God Almighty for the exaltation of his lofty soul and companionship with the Master and Lord of Martyrs [[Husayn ibn Ali|Husayn ibn Ali (peace be upon him)]], and for all survivors, patience upon this separation.
[[Masoud Pezeshkian]]
President of the Islamic Republic of Iran

=== Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps of Iran ===
The text of the IRGC statement regarding the announcement of the martyrdom of General Tangsiri is as follows:

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

'''{{Quran verse|Among the believers are men who have been true to their covenant with Allah. Among them is he who has fulfilled his vow, and among them is he who awaits [his turn]. And they did not alter [the terms of their commitment] by any alteration.|Surah = Al-Ahzab|Verse = 23}}'''

The man of God, mujahid, in the cause of Allah, and the great hero of the Third Holy Defense, after about half a century of tireless jihad, became the guest of the Master and Lord of Martyrs.
Martyr Rear Admiral Guard Alireza Tangsiri, who following heavy blows that led to the destruction of important enemy facilities and infrastructure and the downing of an American fighter jet, was targeted by invading enemies while organizing and strengthening forces and reinforcing the defensive shield of islands and coasts used by the enemies, and due to the severity of injuries, met God.
Our nation is accustomed to these martyrdoms and knows that the front that did not stop even slightly with the departure of the most prominent icons of human history and the greatest divine leaders such as [[Ruhollah Khomeini|Khomeini]] and [[Ali Khamenei|Khamenei]], but continued the path with greater power, will also continue its path powerfully with the martyrdom of field commanders; just as the fighters of the IRGC Navy in these days in the absence of this brave commander in the command position with crushing blows and the continuation of decisive management and the scene of the [[Strait of Hormuz]] showed this reality. A force that has breaking the operations of superpowers in escorting oil tankers with the most primitive weapons and the destruction of several American warships in the eight-year [[Iran-Iraq War|Holy Defense]] in its record, and our people have the honorable memory of capturing American and British riflemen and seizing enemy vessels from them, every fighter of them is a Tangsiri, and in the coming days and months we will see what wonders they will create.
We congratulate and offer condolences on the martyrdom of this brave and zealous soldier of the homeland, who revived the epics of [[Reis Ali Delvari|Reis Ali Delvari]] in memories, to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, [[Ali Khamenei|Ayatollah Khamenei]], and all the honorable nation of Iran and the zealous fighters of the IRGC and Army Navy, and we pledge with all the nation of Iran, who these days and nights are creating the greatest epics of history, that until the complete destruction of the enemy with the liberation of [[Al-Aqsa Mosque|Holy Quds]], we will not sit down.

=== Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council ===
The text of the statement by Mohammad Baqer Zolqadr, Secretary of the [[Supreme National Security Council]], regarding the announcement of the martyrdom of General Tangsiri is as follows:

The text of this message is as follows:

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

'''{{Quran verse|And fight them until there is no fitnah and [until] the religion, all of it, is for Allah.|Surah = Al-Anfal|Verse = 39}}'''

The brave and valiant commander of the Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), the valiant hero of Tangestan and the honorable Commander of Iran and Islam, Admiral Alireza Tangsiri, reached his wish and joined his martyred leader and the numerous crowd of his companions.

For him, the southern front was beyond a military front. His determination towards poverty alleviation, people-centricity, linking Shia and Sunni, and the unity of Muslims, left behind great lasting good deeds. Admiral Tangsiri, by focusing on the naval strategy—a strategic force—and utilizing asymmetric warfare tactics, created such readiness in the defense of the [[Persian Gulf]] that today the sweet fruit of his round-the-clock efforts is tangible for all the honorable people of Iran in the defensive power of the [[Strait of Hormuz|Strait of Hormuz]].

This dear martyr dedicated his noble and blessed life entirely to the defense of Iran and Iranians, and in this path, fulfilled the right of struggle as befits. It is the divine law that the legacy of Tangsiri, with his ascension, by the grace of God Almighty and with the support of the great nation of Iran and under the guidance of [[Mojtaba Khamenei|Supreme Leader of the Revolution]], will continue with power and stability, and will disappoint the enemies more than before from the raw thought of dominating this sacred water and soil.

I congratulate and offer condolences on the [[Martyrdom]] of that brave commander and the proud Admiral of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the Supreme Leader of the Revolution, the honorable family of that martyr, and his comrades and companions in the Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, and I ask God Almighty for His vast mercy and companionship with the Lord and Master of the Martyrs [[Husayn ibn Ali (Sayyid al-Shuhada)|Lord Aba Abdullah al-Husayn (peace be upon him)]] for him.

Mohammad Bagher Zolqadr
Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council
1 April 2026 (CE)

=== Speaker of the Islamic Consultative Assembly ===
The text of the statement by [[Mohammad Bagher Qalibaf]], Speaker of the [[Islamic Consultative Assembly]] regarding the announcement of the Martyrdom of Sardar Tangsiri is as follows:

The text of this message is as follows:

The news of the [[Martyrdom]] of my dear brother, Sardar Alireza Tangsiri, the brave commander of the Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps of Iran, once again displayed the incapacity and helplessness of the humble enemies of the Islamic Republic of Iran and showed that they know no solution other than terror and massacre, a solution whose defeat is clear from the outset.

The non-partisan and valiant Iranian commander, who revived the memory of [[Raisali Delvari|Martyr Raisali Delvari]] for us, had brilliant and undeniable effects during his blessed years of life, an example of which the world clearly sees in the [[Strait of Hormuz]].

Martyr Tangsiri is a clear example of bravery, loyalty to the Guardianship, and steadfastness; I pride myself on having stood shoulder to shoulder with such valiant men during the period of defense, and I am certain that the honorable nation of Iran and the freedom seekers of the world will appreciate the efforts of these non-partisan men on the morning of victory, and their names will always remain in the history of dear Iran.

A man whose heart the attack of the pompous American ships did not cause a moment of doubt, and who struck such a firm blow to the tools of arrogance that they left the war scene and docked at the farthest shores.

If the enemy imagines that removing the brave leads to the removal of bravery, they can test their luck to taste the crushing response of the successors of this high-ranking martyr.

=== Commander of the Khatam Headquarters ===
The text of the statement by Major General Pilot Ali Abdollahi, Commander of the Central Khatam al-Anbiya Headquarters regarding the announcement of the Martyrdom of Sardar Tangsiri is as follows:

'''{{Quran verse|text=MİNƏ EL-MU'MİNĪNE RİCĀLUN ṢADAQŪ MĀ 'ĀHADU LLĀHA 'ALAYHI...|surah=Al-Ahzab|verse=23}}'''

I offer condolences on the [[Martyrdom]] of the tireless mujahid and the proud, honorable, and brave Commander of Islam, Admiral Guard Alireza Tangsiri, to the presence of [[Hujjat ibn al-Hasan (Mahdi)|Lord Baqiyyat Allah al-Azam (may our souls be sacrificed for his sake)]], [[Mojtaba Khamenei|Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces (may his shadow remain high)]], all guards and fighters of Islam, comrades and the honorable family of that high-ranking martyr. The proud martyr Alireza Tangsiri dedicated his noble life to striving in the way of God Almighty and serving the Islamic Ummah, and with uprightness, steadfastness, sincerity, prudence, and praiseworthy bravery, humiliated the enemies of Islam, the country, and the nation.

While this honorable martyr was a model of humility and modesty before the believers and the heroic nation of Iran, like a firm and solid mountain, he stood against the enemies of the [[Islamic Revolution of Iran|Islamic Revolution]] and the honorable people of [[Iran]], especially the [[United States|America]] and the [[Zionist regime|Zionists]], in defense of the Islamic entity of the country, and with the sharp and striking sword of the brave men and enemy-crushing fighters of the Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, he humiliated and disgraced the Americans and Zionists, and ultimately was assassinated by the criminals of America and the terrorist Zionist regime and reached martyrdom, which was the greatest wish of his noble life.

The American and Zionist enemies must know that the honorable flag that was in the hand of the brave, worthy, manager, and prudent commander of the Navy of the IRGC will never fall to the ground, and the humiliated enemies will be placed under the strike of the heroic fighters of the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]] more crushingly and terribly than before.

[[fa:علیرضا تنگسیری]]

=== Head of the Judiciary ===
The text of the statement by the Head of the Judiciary, [[Gholamhossein Mohseni-Eje'i|Hojjat al-Islam Mohseni-Eje'i]], regarding the announcement of the [[Martyrdom|martyrdom]] of General Tangsiri is as follows:
The Rashid and self-sacrificing commander of Islam, Martyred Guard Admiral Alireza Tangsiri, one of the renowned heroes of the [[Ramadan War]], who darkened the night of the American-Zionist aggressors, finally attained the great victory of martyrdom after sincere struggles and tasted the most honorable death.
Peace and mercy of God and His saints be upon him and other martyrs of the current holy struggle, and curse and condemnation upon the leaders of oppressive and aggressor regimes.
Martyr Tangsiri, who was from the generation of brave men like [[Raeesali Delvari]], inflicted heavy blows on the aggressor forces during the Ramadan War strategically and mujahidantly, and strengthened the defensive shield of Islamic Iran especially in the southern coasts, to the extent that he erased the vain hope of land invasion from the war room of the devilish command.
Undoubtedly, the comrades of Martyr Tangsiri in the Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps will extend the path of that high-ranking martyr with greater strength and power, neutralize any enemy aggression, and in offense as well, like that martyred mujahid, act with utmost strategy and courage. We are certain that victory belongs to the front of truth. We will be either martyrs at the beginning of the battle, or martyrs in the midst of the battle, or victors at the end. And indeed, Our hosts will be victorious.
I congratulate and offer condolences on the honorable martyrdom of Guard Admiral Tangsiri, this sincere soldier and mujahid of [[Hujjat ibn al-Hasan (Mahdi)|Hazrat Sahib al-Zaman (peace be upon him)]], to His Holy Presence and his rightful deputy, the Supreme Leader of the Revolution, and all guards and armed forces of Islamic Iran, and especially the patient and faithful family of that high-ranking martyr, and I have confident hope that the path of that martyr will be followed by many and the banner of jihad and defense of the entity of Islamic Iran will not remain on the ground under any circumstances.

=== Assembly of Experts of Leadership ===
The text of the message from the Assembly of Experts of Leadership is as follows:

In the Name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

'''{{Quran verse|Among the believers are men who have been true to their covenant with Allah. Some of them have fulfilled their vow, and some are still waiting, and they have not changed [their commitment] in the least.|surah=Al-Ahzab|verse=23}}'''

The martyrdom of the mujahid in the way of God and the elite commander of the Navy of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps; Admiral Alireza Tangsiri, recorded another page of the bravery of the brave men of the land of [[Iran|Iran]].
The pure blood of this brave and courageous commander, who spent his fruitful life in guarding and protecting the maritime borders of our dear country and providing new technologies in the field of naval battle against hostile enemies; like the blood of other high-ranking martyrs, is a source of pride and honor for the martyr-nurturing nation of Iran and will strengthen the ranks of the people against the arrogant and aggressors to this land, by His grace.
The [[Assembly of Experts of Leadership]], congratulates and offers condolences on the martyrdom of this tireless commander of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps to the presence of the Commander-in-Chief [[Seyyed Mojtaba Khamenei|His Eminence Ayatollah Seyyed Mojtaba Hosseini Khamenei (May God prolong his shadow)]] and the comrades of this dear martyr in the Navy of the Guard, and asks for high degrees for that rashid commander of the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|Guard]] of [[Islam]].
Mohammad-Ali Movahedi-Kermani
Head of the [[Assembly of Experts of Leadership]]

=== Tribute by Ebrahim Hatamikia ===
"In the name of the God of commanders with heads on the gallows.
In the name of the God of General Tangsiri.
In the name of He who chose another one of the hosts of this feast of the field of defense.
What should I write so that my troubled heart may calm?
What should I write so that my sob may remain hidden behind my scream?
My heart burns that the General will no longer take the lead in congratulating on holidays.
My heart burns that I will no longer hear the kind voice of the General.
My heart burns that I will no longer see his smiling face in the blue background of the [[Persian Gulf]].
General, you were the staff of [[Moses|Moses]] for our [[Martyred Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran (article)|our Martyred Leader]].
I have [[Faith|faith]], the red peak of this Shahnameh will not lose color with these departures.
I wish you were beside your companions and saw the drowning of the army of [[Pharaoh]] with your own eyes.
So, O Admiral of the Always Persian Gulf, be at ease that your companions will finish this epic with the same lesson from you."

== See also ==
* [[2026 US and Israel attack on Iran]]
* [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]]
* [[Seyyed Ali Hosseini Khamenei]]
* [[Iran-Iraq War]]
* [[Ramadan War]]
* [[Martyrdom]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
* [https://www.jamaran.news/fa/tiny/news-1703272 About the Architect of Naval Security; Who is Alireza Tangsiri?, Jamaran News and Information Base website], Publication date: 31 March 2026 CE, Access date: 31 March 2026 CE.

{{Iran}}
{{Ramadan War}}
{{Martyrs}}

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Martyrs]]
[[Category:Shia Martyrs]]
[[Category:Iran]]

[[fa:واکنش‌ها به شهادت علیرضا تنگسیری]]


[[ar:عليرضا تنغسيري]]
[[fa:علیرضا تنگسیری]]
[[ur:مسودہ:علیرضا تنگسیری]]

Draft:Children of Ali ibn Abi Talib

2026-10-28T09:30:03Z

Translationbot: افزودن لینک‌های بین‌زبانی موقت (تا زمان هماهنگی ویکی‌بیس)

Sources differ regarding the number of '''children of Ali ibn Abi Talib'''. In ''Al-Irshad'' by [[Shaykh Mufid]] and ''A'lam al-Wara'', the number of children of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Ali (peace be upon him)]] is reported as 27; in ''Kashf al-Ghummah'' by Al-Irbili 28, in ''Tadhkirat al-Khawass'' 34, in ''Tabaqat'' by Ibn Sa'd 34, in ''Yanabi' al-Mawaddah'' 35, and in ''Tahdhib al-Kamal'' 36 are reported<ref>Murtada Amili, ''Al-Sahih min Sirat al-Imam Ali'', Vol. 1, pp. 279-280</ref>.

== Children of Fatimah (peace be upon her) ==

The number of the Imam's children in marriage with Lady Fatimah (peace be upon her) was 5, which are:

Hasan al-Mujtaba (peace be upon him)

Husayn ibn Ali (peace be upon him)

[[Zaynab bint Ali|Zaynab]] (peace be upon her)

Umm Kulthum

Muhsin<ref>[https://www.borna.news/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A2%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81-53/1298511-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%AF%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%82-%D9%87%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86 Imam Muhsin]</ref>

== Children of Layla ==

Layla daughter of Mas'ud was also the wife of the Imam, and he had two children from her, both of whom were martyred in [[Karbala]].

Ubaydullah ibn Ali

Abu Bakr ibn Ali<ref>[https://wiki.ahlolbait.com/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85#cite_note-2 Islamic Encyclopedia]</ref>

== Children of Umm al-Banin ==

[[Umm al-Banin]], who was the second most famous wife of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), had four sons, all of whom were martyred in Karbala.

[[Abbas ibn Ali]]

[[Uthman]] ibn Ali

[[Ja'far ibn Ali|Ja'far ibn Ali]]

[[Abdullah ibn Ali]]

== Child of Khawla ==

Khawla daughter of Ja'far ibn Qays was a concubine who was captured in the Battle of Yarmouk and came to [[Medina]]. She married the Imam and had a son named [[Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah|Muhammad al-Hanafiyyah]].

== Concubine ==

From the concubine of Lady Fatimah (peace be upon her), the Imam had only one son named Muhammad al-Asghar, who was martyred in Karbala.

== Children of Asma ==

Asma daughter of Umayys was the wife of Imam Ali, and he had two children from her<ref>[https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1399/12/05/2458247/%D8%A2%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88-%D9%BE%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%B9 Children of Imam Ali]</ref>.

Yahya ibn Ali

Awon ibn Ali

== Children of Sahba ==

The Imam had twin children from her.

Umar ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib

Ruqayyah

== Child of Umamah ==

Umamah daughter of Abi al-As is the granddaughter of the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his progeny) through his daughter; from her, he also had a child named Muhammad al-Awsat.

== Children of Umm Sa'id ==

Umm Sa'id is the daughter of Urwah ibn Mas'ud. She married the Imam and had two daughters named Umm al-Husayn and Ramlah al-Kubra.

== Child of Mahyya ==

From Mahyya daughter of Imru' al-Qays, there was only one daughter named Umm Ya'la, who died in childhood.

== Daughters whose mothers were concubines ==

There are thirteen daughters, named: Umm Hani - Maymunah - [[Zaynab]] al-Sughra - Ruqayyah al-Sughra - Umm Kulthum al-Sughra - Fatimah - Umamah - Khadijah al-Kubra - Khadijah al-Sughra - Umm Kiram - Umm Salamah - Jumana - Nafisah and Safiyyah

== Daughters ==

Ruqayyah, Umm Hasan, Umm Hani, Fatimah, Zaynab al-Sughra, Maymunah, Nafisah, Khadijah, Umamah, Ramlah al-Kubra, Jumana, Umm Salamah, Ruqayyah al-Sughra, Umm Kulthum al-Sughra, Ruqayyah al-Sughra, Umm Kiram, Umm Ja'far, and according to some reports Sukaynah<ref>Murtada Amili, ''Al-Sahih min Sirat al-Imam Ali'', Vol. 1, p. 282</ref>.

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Religious figures]]
[[Category:Descendants of Imams]]

[[fa:فرزندان علی ابی‌طالب]]


[[ar:مسودة:أبناء علي بن أبي طالب]]
[[fa:فرزندان علی ابی‌طالب]]
[[ur:علی ابن ابی طالب کی اولاد]]

Draft:Fathi Shaqaqi

2026-10-28T09:14:07Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| image = Fathi Shaqaqi.jpg
| name = Fathi Ibrahim Shaqaqi
| other_names =
| birth_date = 1951 CE
| birth_place = Gaza Strip
| death_date =
| death_place =
| alma_mater =
| students =
| religion =
| denomination =
| works =
| known_for = Secretary-General and founder of [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad]]
| website =
}}

'''Martyr Fathi Ibrahim Shaqaqi''' was the Secretary-General and founder of [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad]] who was assassinated by Israel and martyred.

== Family ==
His family was Sunni Muslim and devout. His father was a simple worker who also served as the Sunni prayer leader of the village of "Zarnuqa" near "Jaffa". His family was displaced in 1948 and migrated to the Gaza Strip.

== Education ==
Fathi Shaqaqi completed his studies in mathematics at Birzeit University and subsequently finished his medical studies in Egypt. Following the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, he wrote his famous book titled ''Khomeini (peace be upon him): The Islamic Solution and Alternative''.

== Return to Palestine ==
He returned to Palestine from Egypt in 1981. In 1983, he was imprisoned in Gaza for 11 months, and in 1986, he was sentenced again to four years of definite imprisonment and five years of suspended imprisonment due to his connection with military activities.

== Relations with the Islamic Republic of Iran ==
Martyr Fathi Shaqaqi managed to meet Imam Khomeini (peace be upon him) in Tehran in 1988.
Hojjat al-Islam wal-Muslimin Rahimian, a former member of the Imam's office, says about this meeting: He first went to Qom and then came to Tehran and met the Imam. At the end, I saw him with a high-spirited morale.

=== Presence in Iran ===
He traveled to the Islamic Republic of Iran on various occasions, especially to participate in conferences related to Palestine, met with various state officials, and was present in the governing institutions of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

=== Assassination of Fathi Shaqaqi ===
Yitzhak Rabin, the then Prime Minister of [[Israel]], ordered the assassination of Fathi Shaqaqi after the operation by the [[Hamas]] group on 25 January 1995 in the Beit Lid area, which resulted in the death and injury of 130 Israelis.

Channel 13 of Israeli television reports on the assassination of Martyr Fathi Shaqaqi as follows; Fathi Shaqaqi was considered one of the unique and "charismatic" commanders. The only living eyewitness to the execution of Shaqaqi's assassination is a woman who was only a few centimeters away from the Mossad agent at the time of the assassination.

Channel 13 continues to refer to some operations carried out against the Israeli regime in various places. One of these operations is "Beit Lid", which the Israeli reporter says Fathi Shaqaqi himself openly took responsibility for (this operation was carried out in 1995 in Beit Lid "Netanya" (in occupied Palestine) and during it dozens of Zionists were killed and wounded).

In part of this report, Fathi Shaqaqi is giving a speech and says: True peace means that Israel must cease to exist.

=== Martyrdom as a Factor of Unity ===
The martyrdom of Martyr Fathi Shaqaqi sparked a wave of protest among Muslim nations. People in various countries, by holding demonstrations while condemning the action of the Zionists in assassinating one of the commanders of the Palestinian resistance, emphasized continuing his path.

{{Palestine}}

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Palestine]]

[[fa:فتحی شقاقی]]

Draft:Fatimah bint Asad

2026-10-28T09:08:10Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Fatimah bint Asad
| image = فاطمه بنت اسد.jpg
| full_name = Fatimah bint Asad ibn Hashim ibn Abd Manaf
| birth_date = 55 years before Hijrah (c. 567 CE)
| birth_place = [[Mecca]]
| death_date = 4 AH (625/626 CE)
| resting_place = [[Al-Baqi Cemetery]]
| father = Asad
| mother = Fatimah
| spouse = [[Abu Talib]]
| issue = Talib, [[Aqil ibn Abi Talib|Aqil]], [[Ja'far ibn Abi Talib|Ja'far]], [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Ali (peace be upon him)]], [[Umm Hani]], Jumana
}}
'''Fatimah bint Asad''' was the wife of [[Abu Talib]] and the mother of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him)]]. She was from the [[Banu Hashim|Banu Hashim clan]] and the cousin of [[Abu Talib]]. She was a wise, accomplished, chaste, virtuous, and knowledgeable woman. Fatimah daughter of Asad ibn Hashim married Abu Talib son of [[Abd al-Muttalib]] ibn Hashim al-Qurashi. She was the only wife of Abu Talib and bore him four sons and two daughters, namely: Talib, [[Aqil ibn Abi Talib|Aqil]], [[Ja'far ibn Abi Talib|Ja'far]], [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Ali (peace be upon him)]], [[Umm Hani]], and Jumana. She and Abu Talib were the first Hashimite woman and man to [[marriage|marry]] each other. Fatimah bint Asad was a chaste and monotheistic woman. When she was pregnant with Ali (peace be upon him), she came to [[Tawaf|circumambulate the House of God]] and at that moment labor pains approached her. She sought the help of the Lord of the [[Kaaba]]. Suddenly, the wall of the Kaaba split and she entered the [[House of God]] and gave birth to [[Ali ibn Abi Talib]] there.

Fatimah bint Asad was not only the mother of Ali (peace be upon him) but also the mother of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny); because after the death of his father Abd al-Muttalib, Abu Talib brought his nephew [[Muhammad|Muhammad (peace be upon him and his progeny)]] to his own house when he was about 8 years old, and his wife Fatimah bint Asad loved him like a mother and always preferred Muhammad (peace be upon him and his progeny) over her own children; just as [[Muhammad|the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his progeny)]] mentioned this point many times and spoke of her with kindness.

== Birth of Fatimah bint Asad ==
Exact information about the time and place of the birth of Lady Fatimah bint Asad has not been obtained, but some sources mention that she was raised in [[Mecca]]<ref>Ibn Sa'd, ''Al-Tabaqat Al-Kubra'', researcher: Abd al-Qadir Ata, Muhammad, Vol. 8, pp. 40-41.</ref>.

== Parents of Fatimah bint Asad ==
Her father's name was Asad son of Hashim son of Abd Manaf son of Qusay<ref>Ibn Sa'd, ''Al-Tabaqat Al-Kubra'', researcher: Abd al-Qadir Ata, Muhammad, Vol. 8, p. 40.</ref>. Her mother's name was Fatimah daughter of Hurm son of Rawahah son of Hajar son of Abd son of Mu'is son of Amir son of Lu'ay<ref>Ibn Sa'd, ''Al-Tabaqat Al-Kubra'', researcher: Abd al-Qadir Ata, Muhammad, Vol. 8, pp. 40-41. On page 178 of this book, her mother's name is mentioned as: "Fatimah daughter of Qays ibn Hurm ibn Rawahah ibn Hajar ibn Abd ibn Baghid ibn Amir ibn Lu'ay".</ref>.

== Husband of Fatimah bint Asad ==
The husband of Lady Fatimah bint Asad was Lord Abu Talib (peace be upon him) son of Abd al-Muttalib son of Hashim son of [[Abd Manaf]] son of [[Qusay]] from the [[Quraysh|Quraysh tribe]]<ref>Al-Asqalani, Ibn Hajar, ''Al-Isabah fi Tamyiz al-Sahabah'', researcher: Abd al-Mawjud, Adel Ahmed / Mu'awwad, Ali Muhammad, Vol. 7, p. 196.</ref>. Since Fatimah bint Asad was also from the lineage of Lord Hashim<ref>Al-Asqalani, Ibn Hajar, ''Al-Isabah fi Tamyiz al-Sahabah'', researcher: Abd al-Mawjud, Adel Ahmed / Mu'awwad, Ali Muhammad, Vol. 7, p. 196.</ref>, it is recorded in history that she was the first Hashimite woman to marry a Hashimite man and bear children for him<ref>Ibn al-Maghazali, Ali ibn Muhammad, ''Manaqib al-Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon them)'', p. 57; Amin, Sayyid Muhsin, ''A'yan al-Shi'a'', Vol. 1, p. 325.</ref>, therefore both the father and mother of Lord Ali (peace be upon him) were Hashimites<ref>Al-Tabarsi, Fadl ibn Hasan, ''I'lam al-Wara bi-A'lam al-Huda'', Vol. 1, p. 306; Amili, Jafar Murtada, ''Al-Sahih min al-Sirah al-Nabi al-A'zam'', translator: Sepehri, Muhammad (Eternal Biography), Vol. 1, pp. 234-235.</ref>.

== Islam of Fatimah bint Asad ==
Every biographer who has detailed the life of Fatimah bint Asad has counted her among the first [[Muslim]] women<ref>Ibn Sabbagh Maliki, Ali ibn Muhammad, ''Al-Fusul al-Muhimmah fi Ma'rifat al-A'imma (peace be upon them)'', p. 177.</ref>. [[Ibn Abi al-Hadid|Ibn Abi al-Hadid]] has narrated that Fatimah converted to [[Islam]] after ten people and she was the eleventh<ref>Ibn Abi al-Hadid, ''Sharh Nahj al-Balagha'', Vol. 1, p. 14.</ref>.

== Conversion of Fatimah bint Asad to Islam ==
In ''[[Al-Maqatil al-Talibiyyin (book)|Al-Maqatil al-Talibiyyin]]'' it is narrated from [[Zubayr ibn al-Awwam]]: When the noble verse "O Prophet! When believing women come to you to pledge allegiance to you that they will not associate anything with God, steal, commit [[adultery|zina]], kill their children, bring forth falsehood between their hands and feet, and disobey you in any righteous work, then pledge allegiance to them and ask forgiveness for them from [[God]]; indeed God is Forgiving and Merciful<ref>Quran 60:12.</ref>", was revealed, I heard from the Noble Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) calling women to pledge allegiance and Fatimah bint Asad was the first woman to pledge allegiance to the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny)<ref>Isfahani, Abulfaraj, ''Al-Maqatil al-Talibiyyin'', pp. 28-29.</ref>.

[[Ibn al-Jawzi|Ibn al-Jawzi]] has narrated from [[Ibn Abbas]] that she was the first woman who pledged allegiance to the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) in Mecca after [[Khadijah bint Khuwaylid|Khadijah (peace be upon her)]]<ref>Ibn al-Jawzi, ''Tadhkirat al-Khawass'', p. 20.</ref>.

It is worth mentioning that the manner of the Messenger of God's (peace be upon him and his progeny) pledge of allegiance with women was such that he would order a container of water to be prepared, then he would put his blessed hand into it and bring it out, then he would tell the women to put their hands into the container of water<ref>Al-Kulayni, Muhammad ibn Ya'qub, ''Al-Kafi'', Vol. 5, p. 527, Hadith 5.</ref>.

== Fatimah bint Asad as a Narrator of Hadith ==
One of the virtues of Lady Fatimah bint Asad is that she is a narrator of [[Hadith]]. Scholars of Hadith science have counted her among the narrators of Hadith from [[Muhammad|the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his progeny)]] and 46 [[Hadith]] have been narrated from her<ref>Sharif Qarshi, Baqir, ''Musawat al-Imam Amir al-Mu'minin Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him)'', Vol. 1, pp. 36-37.</ref>.

== Death of Fatimah bint Asad ==
The Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his progeny) shrouded her with his own shirt<ref>Al-Muttaqi al-Hindi, ''Kanz al-Ummal'', Beirut, Vol. 6, p. 228.</ref> and said: "[[Gabriel]] informed me that she is among the people of [[Paradise]] and [[God]] has ordered seventy thousand [[angels]] to pray for her<ref>Al-Hakim al-Nishaburi, ''Al-Mustadrak ala al-Sahihayn'', Dar al-Ma'rifah, Vol. 3, p. 108.</ref>." Then he performed the [[funeral prayer]] over Fatimah's body. The Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) participated in her funeral procession until he reached her grave in [[Al-Baqi Cemetery]]<ref>Askari, Targhib Ahl al-Mawaddah, Maktabah al-Thaqafah, p. 94.</ref>. The Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) entered the grave and lay down in it, then he stood up and took the body with his own hands and placed it inside the grave<ref>Ibn Shabbah, ''Tarikh al-Madinah al-Munawwarah'', 1410 AH, Vol. 1, p. 124.</ref>.

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==

[[Category:Banu Hashim]]
[[Category:Women in Islam]]
[[Category:Companions of Ali]]
[[Category:Burials at Al-Baqi Cemetery]]

[[fa:فاطمه بنت اسد]]

== Burial Place of Fatima bint Asad ==

The tomb of Fatima bint Asad, the honorable mother of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali (peace be upon him)]], was located in [[Al-Baqi']]. It is probable that the grave located near the graves of the [[Imams|Imams (peace be upon them)]] belongs to Fatima bint Asad. In other narrations, her burial place is considered to be near the grave of [[Sa'd ibn Mu'adh]] and Abu Sa'id al-Khudri. In the seventh century, when Ibn al-Najjar (d. 643 AH/1245 CE) wrote his book, people would [[Ziyarat|visit]] the grave of Fatima bint Asad near the grave of Sa'd ibn Mu'adh, but Samhudi in ''Wafa' al-Wafa''<ref>Samhudi, Ali ibn Ahmad, ''Wafa' al-Wafa'', vol. 2, p. 367</ref> considered this statement incorrect and stated her grave is near the shrine of Ibrahim, the son of [[Muhammad|the Messenger of God (peace be upon him and his progeny)]]<ref>Madani Barzanji, Ja'far ibn Ismail, ''Nuzhat al-Nazirin'', p. 280</ref>.

Al-Matari (d. 741 AH/1340 CE) also located her grave north of the grave of [[Uthman]], meaning beside Sa'd ibn Mu'adh, and stated that there is a dome over it<ref>Matari, Muhammad ibn Ahmad, ''al-Ta'rif bi ma Anast al-Hijrah'', p. 43</ref>.

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Historical figures]]

Draft:Fatimah Azzam

2026-10-28T09:00:00Z

Translationbot: افزودن لینک‌های بین‌زبانی موقت (تا زمان هماهنگی ویکی‌بیس)

{{Infobox person
| name = Fatimah Azzam
| image = فاطمة عزام.jpg
| birth_date = 1966 CE
| birth_place = Silat al-Harithiya, Jenin District, [[Palestine]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
| notable_works = {{flatlist|Research on the Authority of the Companion's Saying|Fiqh of Minorities and Incidents|Translation, Abridgment and Rewriting of ''Lahuf''|The Concept of the Text Between the Absolutism of Jurists and the Restrictivism of Usulis}}
| occupation = {{flatlist|Former Assistant Professor at Qassim University|Board Member of the World Union for the Approximation of Islamic Schools of Thought|Board Member of the [[International Union of Muslim Scholars]]|Member of the Association of Palestinian Scholars Abroad}}
}}
'''Fatimah Azzam''', born in [[Palestine]] and residing in [[Jordan]], is a former Assistant Professor at Qassim University, lecturer at the Faculty of the Islamic Community, and a board member of the [[World Union for the Approximation of Islamic Schools of Thought]] and the [[International Union of Muslim Scholars]].

== Birth ==
She was born in 1966 CE, in Silat al-Harithiya, Jenin District, [[Palestine]].

== Education ==
* Holds a PhD in [[Fiqh]] and [[Usul al-Fiqh|Principles of Jurisprudence]] with specialization in Foundations of Fiqh from the University of Jordan with excellent grades;
* Assistant Professor at Qassim University from 1430–1438 AH (2009–2017 CE);
* Lecturer at the Faculty of the Islamic Community, Al-Balqa Applied University, Jordan 1/10/2005 – 15/10/2010 CE.

== Activities ==
* Board Member of the [[World Union for the Approximation of Islamic Schools of Thought]];
* Board Member of the [[International Union of Muslim Scholars]];
* Member of the Association of Palestinian Scholars Abroad;
* Member of the Contemporary Intellectual Studies Association, [[Saudi Arabia]] (formerly Contemporary Intellectual Society);
* Member of the Founding Committee of the Global Coalition to Support Palestinian Women.

== Seminar Participation ==
* Participation in the Reform and Reconciliation Conference, held by the Union of [[Muslim]] Scholars on the sidelines of the General Committee session / 3–8/11/2018. With the research paper '''"Understanding the Sharia Text and Its Impact on Rationalizing Disagreement"'''.

== Published Research ==
* Research "The Authority of the Companion's Saying" as a starting point for preserving the nation's identity in the era of globalization;
* Research on "Sustainability of Marriage with a Non-Muslim Hopeful of His Conversion to Islam";
* In Fiqh of Minorities and Incidents; Islamic University Journal of Islamic Studies – Gaza; approved for publication in its twenty-seventh issue.
* Research "The Concept of the Text Between the Absolutism of Jurists and the Restrictivism of Usulis", a peer-reviewed research published in Qassim University Journal 6–7/7/1437 AH.

== See also ==

* [[World Union for the Approximation of Islamic Schools of Thought]]
* [[International Union of Muslim Scholars]]
* [[Palestine]]
* [[Jordan]]

== References ==
* [https://www.iumsonline.org/ar/BoardofTrusteesMembers.aspx Website of the International Union of Muslim Scholars].

[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Members of approximation unions]]
[[Category:Jordan]]
[[fa:فاطمه عزام]]


[[ar:فاطمة عزام]]
[[fa:فاطمه عزام]]
[[ur:مسودہ:فاطمہ عزام]]

Draft:Fariduddin Qadri

2026-10-27T10:59:25Z

Translationbot: افزودن لینک‌های بین‌زبانی موقت (تا زمان هماهنگی ویکی‌بیس)

{{Infobox person
| name = Fariduddin Qadri
| image = فریدالدین قادری.jpg
| other_names = Dr. Fariduddin Qadri
| birth_date = 1918
| birth_place = Jhang, Punjab
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
| occupation = Political activist in Pakistan Movement, Physician and Religious Scholar
| teachers = {{flatlist|Shakil Naqvi|Mir Naqvi}}
| children = [[Tahir-ul-Qadri]]
}}

'''Fariduddin Qadri''' was a Pakistani physician, religious scholar, littérateur, and political activist. He is known for his participation in the [[Pakistan Movement]] and his activities for the [[Pakistan Muslim League|Muslim League]] in the 1945 and 1946 CE elections. He is the father of [[Tahir-ul-Qadri]], the founder of [[Minhaj-ul-Quran]].<ref>[https://www.minhaj.org/urdu/tid/53327/%DA%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1-%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9-%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%A9%D8%A7-%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9-%D8%B9%D8%B8%DB%8C%D9%85-%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85.html Dr. Fariduddin Qadri, One of the Great Names of the Pakistan Movement], Minhaj-ul-Quran International Institute website (in Urdu). Published 7 February 2022. Retrieved 24 December 2025.</ref>

== Biography ==

Fariduddin Qadri was born in 1918 CE in the city of Jhang, Punjab province. During his studies to acquire religious and medical knowledge, he resided for 12 years in the cities of Lucknow and Hyderabad Deccan. He pursued his education at the Lucknow scientific center, one of the most important educational centers in [[Asia]] during that period. At that time, this center was compared in terms of scientific credibility with prominent universities such as Oxford and Cambridge. His son, Shaykh-ul-Islam Dr [[Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri|Tahir-ul-Qadri]], is the founder of the international institute [[Minhaj-ul-Quran]], and his grandsons, Dr. Hassan Mohi-ud-Din Qadri, is the head of the [[Minhaj-ul-Quran]] institute, and Dr. Hussain Mohi-ud-Din Qadri, is the head of the international department of Minhaj-ul-Quran.

== Education ==

* Religious studies at the Lucknow scientific center;
* 12-year residence for studies in Lucknow and Hyderabad Deccan;
* Received a doctorate degree in pharmacy from King George Medical College in Lucknow.

== Activities ==

=== Political Activities ===

Fariduddin Qadri acted as a speaker for the [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] party in the general elections of [[India]] in 1945 and 1946 CE, and played an effective role in social mobilization for the victory of Muslim League candidates in Jhang. He was also present at the historic session of 23 March 1940 (the Muslim League gathering which led to the adoption of the Lahore Resolution and is considered one of the preliminaries to the formation of [[Pakistan]]) and was among the leaders on the podium. Images of this ceremony remain as a historical document. He had extensive connections with [[Allama Muhammad Iqbal|Muhammad Iqbal]], even visiting him during his illness.

=== Scientific and Social Activities ===

* Teaching religious sciences and activity in scientific and literary circles;
* Providing free medical services in migrant camps in Lahore after the partition of [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] in 1947 CE;
* Activity in the field of education and social services.

== Honors ==

* Received a plaque of appreciation from the Pakistan Movement party and the promoter of the theory of an independent Pakistan;
* Receipt of this medal on 3 February 2022 by the family, and its delivery to Dr. Hussain Mohi-ud-Din Qadri (his grandson) by President Dr [[Arif Alvi]].

== See also ==

* [[India]]
* [[Pakistan]]
* [[Arif Alvi]]
* [[Allama Muhammad Iqbal|Muhammad Iqbal]]
* [[Tahir-ul-Qadri]]

== Notes ==

{{reflist}}

== References ==

* [https://www.minhaj.org/urdu/tid/53327/%DA%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%B9%D8%B1-%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9-%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%A9%D8%A7-%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9-%D8%B9%D8%B8%DB%8C%D9%85-%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85.html Dr. Fariduddin Qadri, One of the Great Names of the Pakistan Movement], Minhaj-ul-Quran International Institute website (in Urdu). Published 7 February 2022. Retrieved 24 December 2025.

[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Pakistan]]

[[fa:فریدالدین قادری]]


[[ar:فريد الدين القادري]]
[[fa:فریدالدین قادری]]
[[ur:فرید الدین قادری]]

Draft:Isa Ahmed Qassim

2026-10-27T10:36:21Z

Translationbot: افزودن لینک‌های بین‌زبانی موقت (تا زمان هماهنگی ویکی‌بیس)

{{Infobox person
| name = Isa Ahmed Qassim
| image = شیخ عیسی احمد قاسم.jpg
| birth_date = 1938 AD
| birth_place = Diraz region, Bahrain
| religion = Islam
| denomination = Shia
| known_for = One of the most influential religious figures in [[Bahrain]]
}}

'''Sheikh Isa Ahmed Qassim''' is one of the most influential religious and clerical figures in [[Bahrain]] and has engaged in many unity-oriented activities.

==Biography==
Ayatollah Haj Sheikh Isa Ahmed Qassim al-Dirazi al-Bahrani, known as Sheikh Isa Qassim, son of Ahmed, was born in 1938 AD in the "Diraz" region of Bahrain. His father was a pious fisherman who considered lawful sustenance the most important emphasis for raising his children, and this path led his son to always engage in teaching, preaching, and disseminating religious awareness through leading Friday and congregational prayers in Bahraini mosques and participating in religious and political gatherings and reviving Islamic occasions, until he became a symbol of a spiritual father and virtuous teacher for the elite class of Bahraini Shias.

Sheikh Qassim is also recognized as a source of emulation (Marja) for Shias in [[Bahrain]]. Sheikh Isa Qassim completed his preliminary studies in his birth village, "Diraz". His intelligence and talent amazed everyone; then, with his brother's guidance, he went to the city of [[Manama]], the capital of Bahrain, to attend high school, and afterwards, he began his teaching in public schools in the early 1960s and taught until 1962 in the Badie school in Diraz village, which was the same school where he himself had studied<ref>http://www.vatanemrooz.ir/Newspaper/MobileBlock?NewspaperBlockID=159648</ref>.

==Hawza Studies==
Ayatollah Sheikh Isa Qassim migrated to [[Najaf|Holy Najaf]] in 1964 AD to continue studying Islamic sciences and continued his university studies at the Faculty of Jurisprudence and Principles of Holy Najaf, and benefited from great masters of the Hawza such as Martyr [[Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr|Ayatollah Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr]]. In the early 1990s AD, Sheikh Isa went to the holy city of Qom to complete his higher religious studies and continued his Hawza studies and religious sciences in the presence of masters such as Grand Ayatollahs: the late [[Mohammad Fazel Lankarani|Ayatollah "Fazel Lankarani"]], Sayyid Mahmoud Hashemi, and Sayyid Kazem Haeri. He resided in Qom until 2001 AD and was engaged in studies, and in the same year, he left Qom intending to return to his homeland. The Sheikh's importance to Iranian scholars is also clearly evident, such that His Eminence [[Ali Khamenei|Ayatollah Khamenei]], the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, described Ayatollah Sheikh Isa Qassim as "a star in the sky of Shiism" and said: "I am proud of the Sheikh's existence". Hojjat al-Islam wal-Muslimin Sheikh "Asad Qusayr", a member of the Office of Istifta of the Supreme Leader, who is responsible for transferring the istiftaat of His Eminence's Arabic-speaking followers, said regarding the Viewpoint of the Guardian of Muslim Affairs about Sheikh Qassim: "If I were in Bahrain, I would consider myself committed to the views and political positions of His Eminence Sheikh Isa, and if Sayyidna al-Qa'id is also asked, certainly his answer will be the same".

This importance led to him being invited by the Supreme Leader of the Revolution to the Assembly of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), and Sheikh Isa Qassim became a member of the Assembly of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) and a representative of the Supreme Leader. Undoubtedly, his selection by the Supreme Leader of the Revolution for membership in the Assembly of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) is due to the Sheikh's preference over other scholars of Bahrain. Ayatollah [[Mohammad Taghi Mesbah Yazdi|Mesbah Yazdi]] also referred to the personality of Sheikh Isa Qassim in a memory of his trip to Bahrain and says: "Before my trip to Bahrain, I knew Sheikh Isa, who was a member of the Assembly of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) and representative of Ayatollah Khamenei (may his shade remain high).

My acquaintance with him goes back to the Assembly sessions and our presence there, and I never saw anything from him except knowledge, piety, and God-fearingness, and I am not as familiar with any of the scholars of Bahrain as I am with Sheikh Isa, and I cannot compare them with Sheikh Isa". Signatory Mesbah, referring to the selection of Sheikh Isa Qassim as a member of the Assembly of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) by the Leader of the Revolution, says: "Undoubtedly, his selection by the Supreme Leader of the Revolution for membership in the Assembly of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) is due to the Sheikh's preference over other scholars of Bahrain, and in a word, I must say I am a disciple and lover of him and always pray for good for that glorious Sheikh".

Ayatollah Mesbah also before traveling to Bahrain, had emphasized that I will only set foot in this country when Sheikh Isa gives me permission, and after the welcome and announcement of Sheikh Isa's readiness, he proceeded to travel to Bahrain<ref>https://www.tabnak.ir/fa/amp/news/320359</ref>.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Bahraini Shia clerics]]
[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

[[fa:عیسی احمد قاسم]]

==Political and Social Activities==
Sheikh Isa is also known as the spiritual father of the [[Al-Wefaq National Islamic Society|Al-Wefaq National Islamic Society]]. This society is one of the most important political organizations in [[Bahrain]], which announced its existence on 7 November 2001 (16 Aban 1380 SH). This political structure is considered the largest political society in Bahrain, with membership reaching 35,000 people, and is recognized as the central Shia political movement in the country. The founders of this party were one hundred Shia scholars of Bahrain, such as Dr. "Saeed al-Shihabi", Sheikh "Ali Salman", Sheikh "Abdulamir al-Jamri", Professor "Abdulwahab Hussein", and Professor "Hassan Mushaima".

The organizational structure of Al-Wefaq is similar to the Supreme Shia Council of Lebanon, known as the Supreme Islamic Shia Council in Lebanon. Also, in 2004 CE, the Council of Shia Scholars was formed through the efforts of Ayatollah Sheikh Isa Qassim and Ayatollah "Sayyid Abdullah al-Ghuraifi" to establish a Council of Scholars; a council that was tasked with taking action in sensitive times and raising its protests and recommendations. This council, which has always taken a stance against corruption, injustice, and discrimination, has also emphasized that "we are not seeking to obtain position and government, but rather we are seeking justice for all Bahraini citizens, whether Shia or [[Sunni]]".

=== Membership in Bahrain's Legislative Councils ===
Following the independence of Bahrain in 1971 CE, the main challenge for the ruling Al Khalifa family was gaining political legitimacy and consolidating the foundations of their power. Therefore, the ruling family attempted to provide the grounds for this legitimacy by drafting a constitution and holding parliamentary elections in the first half of the 1970s CE, motivated by legalizing their sovereignty and relative public participation. With the start of activities to establish the Bahrain Parliament, which intended to complete the drafting of the Bahrain Constitution after the formation of the country, the people of Bahrain asked Sheikh Isa Qassim to return to the country and nominate himself for membership in this parliament.

Sheikh Isa emphasized staying in Iraq and obtaining high degrees in jurisprudence, but the advice of Ayatollah Sadr changed his mind. Ayatollah Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr told him: "If you stay in Iraq, you will become a great jurist, but when you return to Bahrain, there will no longer be a country for you to take responsibility for guiding". This serious emphasis by Ayatollah Sadr on Sheikh Isa compelled him to leave his studies in Najaf and return to his country. He participated in the parliamentary elections and in practice, Sheikh Isa managed to enter the Bahrain Parliament with the highest votes and, alongside the Islamist movement of the parliament, play an important role in drafting Islamic articles and clauses in the Bahrain Constitution.

In 1971 CE, he was nominated as a representative in the National Council and entered this council by obtaining the necessary votes, and until the dissolution of this council, he served the people of Bahrain sincerely and loyally with all his capacity. He also during that period, along with some religious figures such as Sheikh "Sulaiman Madani" and Sheikh "Abdulamir al-Jamri", took action to establish the [[Al-Taw'iyah Cultural Society|Al-Taw'iyah Cultural Society]] in 1972 CE, which engaged in cultural activities in Bahrain.

However, it did not take long before the parliament's opposition to the approval of the "State Security Law" in 1975 CE led to the dissolution of the parliament by the Emir of Bahrain. According to this law, any action or stance against the government was considered opposition to national security, and the government was allowed to arrest suspected individuals quickly and imprison them without trial<ref>[http://www.vatanemrooz.ir/Newspaper/MobileBlock?NewspaperBlockID=159648 Adapted from Vatan Emrooz newspaper]</ref>.

=== Establishment of Religious Parties and Organizations ===
Sheikh Isa Qassim, along with some other Bahraini scholars, has established parties and organizations to achieve his goals in the country of Bahrain. The most important of these centers are:

* Al-Taw'iyah Islamic Society
* Council of Scholars of Bahrain
* Al-Wefaq National Islamic Society: Sheikh Isa Qassim is considered the spiritual leader of Al-Wefaq Society, and its Secretary General, Sheikh Ali Salman, is one of his students.

In addition to the aforementioned Bahraini organizations, Sheikh Isa Qassim has been present and active in some institutions outside Bahrain, including the Assembly of Ahlulbayt<ref>[https://www.mehrnews.com/news/3691155/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF Adapted from Mehr News Agency]</ref>.

=== Leading Friday Prayers ===
Sheikh Isa Qassim left Iran for Bahrain in 2001 CE. The news of his return to the country was met with the joy of the Bahraini people, such that a magnificent welcome occurred for him that had no precedent in Bahrain. Upon entering Bahrain, he took on the mission of teaching, awareness, and awakening the Bahraini Shias regarding the injustice and tyranny of the Al Khalifa.

Friday prayers led by him at the Imam Sadiq Mosque (peace be upon him) in the village of Diraz have always been among the most attended Friday prayers in Bahrain. His sermons in Friday prayers have always been one of the serious concerns of the Al Khalifa; because one word from the Sheikh is considered by the people as the stance of the Wali al-Amr and Marja, and can change the fate of the region in a short time. The main themes of Sheikh Isa Qassim's passionate sermons can be stated as follows:

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

* Creating cooperation and unity between Shia and Sunni
* Islamic and national unity and prevention of sectarian conflicts
* Vindication of rights and reclaiming dignity and freedom
* Defense of political prisoners
* Withdrawal of Al Saud forces from Bahrain and condemnation of their actions against the Bahraini revolution
* Protest against the desecration of mosques and holy sites
* People's commitment to the revolution and not abandoning their demands until final victory

<ref>[https://rasekhoon.net/article/show/1492841/%D8%A2%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AE-%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85-%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6-%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C Taken from the Rasekhoon website]</ref>.

=== The Friday of Response ===
Sheikh Isa Qassim's explicit positions against the Bahraini government resulted in the government's dissatisfaction, and the Bahraini Minister of Justice warned Sheikh Isa Qassim regarding his positions during Friday prayers and threatened to ban him from leading Friday prayers. In his letter to Sheikh Isa Qassim, the Bahraini Minister of Justice accused him of creating sedition in the country, encouraging the people, and violating the law, addressing him thus: You are not in a position to issue rulings concerning Muslims from the pulpit of the Messenger of God, accusing one group and labeling another as oppressors.

This threat prompted a reaction from the scholars and Shia of Bahrain. On 9 November 2012 (CE), all Friday prayers in Bahrain were officially suspended by the government, and despite obstacles created by the government on the route to the city of Al-Dairaz, and enduring beatings by state forces to lead Friday prayers, the Shia went to Al-Dairaz and performed Friday prayers led by Sheikh Isa Qassim. This day became known as Jumu'at al-Talbiyah in the course of the Bahraini people's resistance<ref>[https://www.adyannet.com/fa/news/19796 Taken from the Comprehensive Database of Religions and Sects]</ref>.

=== Leadership of the February 14 Uprising ===
It is the only Islamic Awakening revolution that has a single leadership which all opposition groups, from Al-Wefaq to the Youth Coalition of the Revolution, believe in, and thus, after the start of the revolution and despite military intervention by Saudi Arabia and the UAE, not only has the fire of the revolution not cooled and extinguished, but it becomes more inflamed day by day.

With the start of the Bahraini popular uprising on 14 February 2011, Sheikh Isa Qassim, as the spiritual leader of the Bahraini Al-Wefaq movement headed by Sheikh Ali Salman [one of the Bahraini opposition movements], undertook the leadership of the people of this country to clarify their peaceful protests against the injustice and oppression of the Al Khalifa and to demand their rightful rights from this tyrannical family. Whenever the Al Khalifa, with trickery and conspiracy, wished to extinguish the fire of their uprising by deceiving the people and under the pretext of holding negotiations and talks with the opposition, Sheikh Isa Qassim, alongside other scholars of the country, rendered this trick of the Al Khalifa futile through his clarifications<ref>[http://wikivahdat.com/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85&action=edit Taken from the Sacred Defense News Agency]</ref>.

=== "Labbaik ya Bahrain" Demonstrations ===
Ayatollah Sheikh Isa Qassim announced his support for the demands and wishes of the people of this country among the Bahraini demonstrators.

The demonstrations of the people of Bahrain are held at the invitation of Ayatollah Sheikh Isa Qassim and simultaneously with the anniversary of the occupation of Bahrain by Saudi military forces.

While Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, the King of Bahrain, called the protesters in the country a small group and had stated that a small number of Bahraini citizens would participate in these demonstrations, the demonstration, with the presence of more than 500,000 Bahrainis, proved that this revolution is the desire of various strata of the Bahraini people.

Bahraini demonstrators, chanting slogans, demanded the overthrow of the Al Khalifa regime, the immediate withdrawal of Saudi occupiers, and the freedom of political detainees.

The forces of the Al Khalifa regime, to disperse the demonstrators and as in the past, attacked demonstrators who intended to reach Pearl Square in Manama, especially near the "Al-Qadam" area.

Also, in Australia and Iraq, people demonstrated in support of the revolution of the people of Bahrain and demanded the immediate withdrawal of Saudi occupiers from this country.
Sheikh Isa Qassim, in response to the statements of the King of Bahrain who had called the government opponents few, in the sermons of Friday prayer on 2 March 2012 (CE), invited all the people of Bahrain to active participation in the march on Friday, 9 March, under the title "Labbaik ya Bahrain". He announced in the sermon of the aforementioned Friday prayer that he would personally participate in this march. This demonstration was held on 9 March 2012 (CE), simultaneously with the anniversary of the intervention of Saudi Arabian military forces to confront Bahraini Shia protesters, with the presence of more than 500,000 people, which is considered significant relative to the total population of Bahrain. The demonstrators, chanting slogans, demanded a change of the Bahraini government and opposed the Al Khalifa rule over Bahrain. They also demanded the immediate withdrawal of Saudi Arabian military forces and the freedom of political detainees<ref>[https://www.asriran.com/fa/news/204901/%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AA%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%84%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9-%DB%8C%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86 Taken from the Asr Iran website]</ref>.

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==

[[fa:شیخ عیسی احمد قاسم]]

==Actions of the Bahraini Government==
In addition to threats by the Bahraini [[Minister of Justice]], a large number of armed Bahraini government troops attacked the home of [[Sheikh Isa Qassim]] on 17 May 2013, breaking door locks, disrupting and destroying household items, and searching the premises. During this operation, the soldiers confined the women and children present in the house to a room. This action sparked widespread protests inside and outside Bahrain<ref>[https://www.mehrnews.com/news/3691155/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF Retrieved from Mehr News Agency website]</ref>.

===Revocation of Citizenship===
Over the past six years, the Bahraini government has faced overt public protests. These peaceful protests are often aimed at enjoying the right to self-determination for the majority of the people of Bahrain. Sheikh Isa Qassim, one of the religious leaders of these protests, was arrested by the government and had his Bahraini citizenship revoked in 2016. This article, using an analytical-descriptive method, shows that citizenship has become an international issue, and according to international law, arbitrary revocation of citizenship is not permitted. Since in the case of Sheikh Isa Qassim, no terrorist charge has been proven against him and there is no fair process to prevent arbitrary revocation of citizenship in Bahraini laws, it appears that the Bahraini government has violated its international human rights obligations<ref>[https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=353121 Retrieved from the Scientific Information Database of Jahad Daneshgahi website]</ref>.

==Commemoration==
A ceremony honoring Ayatollah Sheikh Isa Qassim, the spiritual leader and "Messiah of Bahrain", was held at [[Amirkabir University of Technology]] with the presence of Sheikh Deqqaq, his representative, [[Hassan Rahimpour Azghadi]], professor of the seminary and university, Sheikh Mohammad Ali, son of Sheikh Isa Qassim, and Hojjat al-Islam Ansari, representative of Ayatollah [[Mohammad-Reza Nouri Hamedani]].

At this ceremony, Rahimpour Azghadi spoke about the main origins of the Bahraini revolution, their real demands, and the infiltration of deviant currents in the Islamic world, stating: "Although there is religious discrimination against Shias, Shia scholars and Bahraini revolutionaries did not raise the issue of Shia and Sunni at all during the struggles, and it was the Bahraini rulers who entered into religious matters."

Subsequently, Hojjat al-Islam Ansari read the message of Ayatollah Nouri Hamedani in support of the people of Bahrain.

Also, at this ceremony, the "Messiah of Bahrain" was honored with plaques and gifts from the country's students<ref>[https://snn.ir/fa/news/307653/%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD-%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84-%D8%B4%D8%AF Retrieved from Student News Agency website]</ref>.

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

{{Islamic scholars}}

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Political figures]]
[[Category:Scholars]]
[[Category:Shia scholars]]
[[Category:Bahrain]]

[[fa:عیسی قاسم]]


[[ar:عيسى أحمد قاسم]]
[[fa:عیسی احمد قاسم]]
[[ur:مسودہ:عیسیٰ احمد قاسم]]

Draft:Isa Ahmed Qassim

2026-10-27T10:34:59Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

Draft:Fethullah Gülen

2026-10-27T07:55:40Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Fethullah Gülen
| image = فتح الله گولن.png
| birth_date = 1941 CE
| birth_place = [[Turkey]]
| death_date = 2024 CE
| death_place = [[United States|America]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Hanafi]]
| known_for = Leader of the Gülen movement
| activities = {{flatlist}}
}}
'''Mohammad Fethullah Gülen''' was the leader of the Gülen movement. He was a preacher, writer, and claimant of expertise in moral sciences and theology. He was from [[Turkey]], but lived in the United States. Fethullah Gülen's thoughts and ideas, as well as his life and actions, have been a subject of discussion for media and educational institutions for several years, and the value of institutions affiliated with him is worth billions of dollars. Schools established in his name are active in 150 countries worldwide. A movement known as Hizmet (Service) presents his thoughts and ideas in an organized framework and is responsible for guiding and organizing financial, cultural, and educational institutions. In 2012 CE, ''Time'' magazine included his name among the 100 most influential people in the world<ref>Mehdi Ikhtiari, ''Causes and Reasons for the Formation, Continuity, and Expansion of the Gülen Movement'', Scientific-Research Quarterly of Political Sociology of the Islamic World, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2018–2019.</ref>.

== Biography ==
Mohammad Fethullah Gülen, preacher, writer, and instructor of moral sciences and theology in Turkey, was born in 1941, or according to some accounts 1938, in the village of "Korucuk" in Pasinler, [[Erzurum]] Province, [[Turkey]]. His father, Ramiz Efendi, was a mosque imam, and his mother, Mrs. Rafia, was a homemaker.

Gülen completed his elementary education from 1946 to 1950 and secondary education from 1950 to 1958 at Korşunlu School in Erzurum and other schools there. In 1956, through Mulla Mohammad Kirkinci, he became familiar with the Nur Movement and its students. He completed his jurisprudence education, which he had begun in 1956 (corrected from 1856) with Mulla Osman Bektash, in late 1958, and in 1958 received preaching permission from the Presidency of Religious Affairs.

== Founding of Associations ==
In 1969, Gülen established the "Bidayah" (Awakening) and "Aydinlar" (Intellectuals) associations and expanded his activities. ''Zaman'' newspaper began publishing Gülen's articles and poems from October 1991, publishing his articles weekly in a separate section titled "Academy". During his education in religious schools, Gülen became familiar with Nursi's thoughts and as an active member of the community of his followers, remained with this community until the 1980s, after which he decided to create an independent organization for himself. After nurturing his intellectual foundations with sciences, rituals, and Nursi's works, to answer the questions of the modern world and communicate correctly with it, following his master Bediüzzaman, he turned to learning modern sciences such as philosophy, literature, history, physics, chemistry, biology, and astronomy. Completion of Gülen's religious education under prominent masters of the Sufi school caused him to be appointed as the imam of the mosque in Edirne city in northwestern Turkey near the Greek border in 1959 by the Presidency of Religious Affairs (Diyanet) of Turkey, and in 1966, as the preacher of Izmir city, the third largest city in Turkey, to continue his religious activities.
In 1963, Gülen also began a series of lessons on Rumi's works in Erzurum, and concurrently with participating in anti-communist gatherings and attracting university students, he aroused the anger of secular authoritarians. These actions caused him to be imprisoned for 7 months after the 1970 military coup and released from prison with a commitment not to speak again.
He realized that due to the non-religious policies of the government, young people were emptied of religion. Therefore, in 1975, he launched summer camps titled "Nur Camps" for low-income youth and taught religious texts and Nursi teachings. He continued cooperation with the Presidency of Religious Affairs of Turkey (Diyanet) until 1980, when he finally resigned.
His speeches in the 1980s, held with the presence of hundreds of people, and their cassette tapes distributed throughout Turkey, focused on abstaining from violence, anarchism, and terrorism, and thus continued even after the September 12, 1980 coup, which led to the overthrow of the Islamist Erbakan government. A fundamental transformation in Gülen regarding religion occurred in the 1990s and after his travel to the United States in 1991 and meeting with Turkish-American academic figures there<ref>www.guleninstitue.org/about-gulen/biography cited in Cetin 2010</ref>.

== Travel to the United States ==
Gülen traveled to the United States for the first time in 1992 and stayed there for 35 days; he visited 25 states and met with Turks residing in the United States and students who were engaged in learning sciences there. Previously, he considered the United States bad and evil, but after this trip, he gradually came under the influence of the West, especially the United States. Since 1999, he has lived in self-imposed exile in Pennsylvania, United States; his residence is a 60-hectare farm said to have been purchased for $250,000 by a Turkish institution based in the United States.

== Travel to Europe ==
In 1977, he traveled to Northern Europe and became acquainted with Turkish immigrants and invited them to the movement to preserve their religious-cultural identity through it. This trip was a turning point in Gülen's life because he succeeded in attracting Turkish immigrants in Europe to himself, and these were the ones who later formed the main members of his movement.

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==

== External links ==

[[Category:Turkish religious leaders]]
[[Category:Islamic scholars]]
[[Category:Gülen movement]]
[[fa:فتح‌الله گولن]]

== Thought and Viewpoint ==
Gülen speaks of social Islam in contrast to political Islam, and some believe he is the Turkish Martin Luther. The Islam he advocates is a mystical yet liberal interpretation of Islam, which, due to benefiting from indigenous elements of Turkish culture, is known as "Turkish Islam"<ref>Mohsen Moradian, ''Strategic Assessment of Turkey'', Tehran, Institute for Cultural Studies and International Research, Abrar-e Moaser Iran, 2006, p. 592</ref>. His opponents describe him as a puppet, traitor, and terrorist, and Turkish state media describe him as a plutocrat who does not take orders from the West; however, his supporters describe him as a clergyman and preacher who is devout yet modern and secular.

=== Gülen's Line of Thought ===
# Preservation and perpetuation of Islam in the new world;
# Synthesis of Islam and Turkish nationalism (Turkish Islam or Anatolian Islam);
# Priority of ethics and education over politics;
# Islamized pragmatism<ref>Mehdi Ekhtiari Miab, "Causes and Reasons for the Formation, Continuity, and Expansion of the Gülen Movement", ''Scientific-Research Quarterly Journal of Sociology of the Islamic World'', Vol. 6, No. 397, pp. 1163 & 172–174</ref>.

== Works ==
Some of Gülen's most important works include: ''From Quran to Perception'' (2 volumes), ''The Pearl Generations'', ''Broken Plectrum'', ''Collection of Poems'', ''Criteria or Lights Above the Path'', ''From Season to Season'', and ''Emerald Hills of the Heart''. His new book, which is a collection of articles and his speeches regarding war and terrorism, was compiled by his students and published under the title ''Muslims and Their Responsibility in Confronting Violence''.

Gülen has strong feelings about his national heritage and is proud of being Turkish, constantly referring to his Turkish roots, the Ottoman history of Turkey, and the world beyond Turkey. Therefore, the Ottoman-Islamic heritage shapes Gülen's identity. Gülen's nationalism is inclusive and is not based on blood and race, but rather relies on shared historical experiences and political realities. Gülen believes that Islam is the religion of the nation and should not be reduced to having the identity of a party.

According to Gülen, Islam is not a political project to be implemented, but rather a treasury of knowledge and practice for the development of a just and moral society. Gülen is a proponent of Sufism, and in his view, Sufism is a path for the continuous evolution of the human spirit<ref>Rahman Qahramanpour, "Fethullah Gülen and the Course of Intellectual and Political Transformations of Islamism in Turkey", ''Mahnameh Monthly'', Year 2011, No. 10, p. 105</ref>.

Gülen's goal is the Islamicization of Turkish nationalist ideology and the Turkification of Islam, simultaneously. He has declared himself a supporter of peace and civil tranquility and offers two important proposals for establishing them: tolerance and dialogue. Three principles: equality, justice, and consultation, are counted among the principles and values of Gülen's Islamic theory.

== Hizmet Movement ==
This movement is a transnational movement that has formed under the influence of Fethullah Gülen's thoughts and currently has many supporters in Turkey, Central Asia, and other points of the world. This movement is the largest popular movement in Turkey that defends the priority of ethics over politics and emphasizes the role of education in raising a golden generation endowed with the attributes of the Prophet (peace be upon him)<ref>(Moradian, 2006, p. 574)</ref>. This community in Turkey has 3,500 educational halls, 3,864 dormitories, and more than 65,000 teachers and professors at its disposal in the educational sector. It also operates in more than 140 countries worldwide in the form of schools, pre-university preparatory classes, and universities, which have become the focus of attention for elite students and children of leaders.

In addition to Turkey, it has more than 2,600 schools and universities worldwide. This group possesses an international media network, ''Zaman'' newspaper, a global satellite channel (STV), and an international magazine.

The Hizmet Community and Gülen consider their educational and cultural activities to have three important and major goals: 1. Expanding Muslim self-awareness 2. Re-examining or reviewing the relationship between science and religion by criticizing and rejecting common discourses such as materialism and positivism 3. Reconstructing collective memory with an emphasis on the common element of society, which is Islam<ref>(Yavuz & Esposito, 2003, p. 57)</ref>.

== Death ==
Fethullah Gülen, the leader of the Gülen movement, who had lived in the United States for years, passed away on Sunday evening, 20 October 2024 CE, local time, due to a heart condition.

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Turkey]]

[[fa:فتح‌الله گولن]]

Draft:Fawzi Ayoub

2026-10-27T07:09:24Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Fawzi Ayoub
| image = فوزی محمد ایوب.jpg
| birth_name = Fawzi Muhammad Ayoub
| other_names = {{flatlist|Hajj Abu Abbas|Hajj Fawzi Ayoub}}
| birth_date = 1966
| birth_place = Southern [[Lebanon]]
| death_date = 2014
| death_place = [[Syria]]
| known_for = Commander of [[Hezbollah]] in [[Palestine]], [[Lebanon]], and [[Syria]]
}}

'''Fawzi Muhammad Ayoub''', known as '''"Abu Abbas"''' and '''"Hajj Fawzi Ayoub"''', was a commander of [[Hezbollah]] in [[Palestine]], [[Lebanon]], and [[Syria]]. Due to entering [[Israel]] with an American passport to carry out operations, he was placed on the [[United States|U.S.]] terror list on 5 August 2009 and was wanted by the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]]. He was killed on 25 May 2014, coinciding with the 14th anniversary of the liberation of Southern Lebanon, while fighting against [[Takfiri|Takfiri groups]] of [[ISIS]] in [[Syria]].

== Biography ==

Fawzi Ayoub was born in 1966 in the village of Ain Qana in southern [[Lebanon]].

== Activities ==

Ayoub began his first anti-Zionist struggles, like most of his peers, by joining [[Palestinian]] groups and organizations, and after the formation of [[Hezbollah]], he joined this organization. He managed to infiltrate the occupied Palestinian territories and continue his struggles there.

=== Presence in Syria ===

With the start of the battle against followers of American Islam in [[Syria]] and the beginning of the defense of the shrine of the Lady of Resistance [[Zaynab bint Ali|Zaynab bint Ali (peace be upon her)]], the free commander of the Islamic Resistance, Fawzi Muhammad Ayoub, was dispatched to Syria<ref>[https://dnws.ir/0005H1 A prisoner who became a commander, Defense of Holy Defense News Agency].</ref>.

== Arrests ==

Fawzi was first arrested in 1988 on charges of attempting to hijack an [[Iraq|Iraqi]] airplane in Romania. After his release, he went to Toronto and after some time obtained a [[Canada|Canadian]] ID. The state of [[Michigan]], [[United States|U.S.]], was his next destination, and in 2000, he entered [[Israel]] with a fake American passport under the name Frank Bushi. His goal in entering Israel was to carry out operations against Zionists. He initially stayed for a few days in a hotel in Jerusalem and examined ways to hide weapons in this hotel. He then went to the city of Hebron in the [[West Bank]] and trained forces of two movements, [[Hamas]] and Islamic Jihad, until he was arrested by Israeli soldiers in 2002.

After being captured, Fawzi Ayoub told the Israeli judge in court that my goal in life is to support the oppressed. [[Muslim|Muslims]] are under oppression and pressure, and I want to save people from oppression. He was transferred between various prisons in [[Israel]] during his captivity. The Zionists imprisoned him in solitary confinement cells during captivity and subjected him to various tortures to answer the Zionists' questions regarding Hezbollah. Zionist intelligence officers did not allow him to sleep to pressure Fawzi Ayoub. Israeli officers interrogated him one after another without stopping to understand [[Hezbollah|Hezbollah's]] plans, but he disrupted their plans by resisting the Zionists and giving wrong and short answers to these officers' questions.

He was released from the Zionist prison in 2003 following a prisoner exchange operation between Hezbollah and Israel and returned to [[Lebanon]]. In the first moments of his arrival in his hometown, in an interview with reporters, he said that I will remain in the path of resistance, and if I am assigned a mission to target the enemy again, I will carry it out<ref>[https://kayhan.ir/0007fD The martyr who was wanted by America, Kayhan].</ref>.

== Placement on US Terror List ==

By decision of the Attorney General of the [[United States|U.S.]], due to entering [[Israel]] to carry out operations with an American passport, he was placed on the [[United States|U.S.]] terror list from 5 August 2009 and was wanted by the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]]. The FBI base asked people to contact the nearest Israeli embassy or consulate if they had any information<ref>[https://fa.alalam.ir/news/1597862/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%B4%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87%D8%8C-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A8-%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA! The martyr commander of Hezbollah is wanted by America!, Al-Alam Network].</ref>.

== Death ==

Fawzi Ayoub was killed on 25 May 2014, coinciding with the 14th anniversary of the liberation of Southern Lebanon, while fighting against Takfiri groups in Syria.

== Reactions ==

[[File:فوزی محمد ایوب2.jpg|frameless|left|]]

According to [[Agence France-Presse|AFP]], the funeral procession of the defender of the shrine of [[Zaynab bint Ali|Zaynab (peace be upon her)]] was held in Ain Qana, and a large number of people participated in this ceremony. The death of this Hezbollah commander had a wide repercussion in global media. AFP reported quoting one of the residents of the village of the birthplace of Martyr Muhammad Ayoub that he was one of the main commanders of Hezbollah in Aleppo province in northern Syria. Reuters also reported: Martyr Ayoub, who was wanted by [[United States|U.S.]] security organizations and had a history of living in [[Canada]], was killed in the southern province of Daraa<ref>[https://www.javanonline.ir/002ifK "Fawzi Ayoub" reached the victory of martyrdom, Javan Online].</ref>.

The newspaper Yedioth Ahronoth, after the death of Martyr Fawzi Ayoub, introduced him as a great commander of [[Hezbollah]] and one of the members of Hezbollah's special unit to help [[Palestinian]] groups. He acted in a special group under the supervision of [[Imad Mughniyeh]]. This [[Israel|Israeli]] newspaper announced Martyr Fawzi Ayoub's role in [[Palestine]] as training Palestinian groups to design military operations and build bombs<ref>[https://kayhan.ir/0007fD The martyr who was wanted by America, Kayhan].</ref>.

== Notes ==

{{reflist}}

== References ==

== Categories ==

[[Category:Hezbollah members]]
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:Lebanese Muslims]]

[[fa:فوزی ایوب]]

==Moral characteristics==

Fawzi Ayub's personal life was filled with affection, and he served as a role model for many youths. In his life, he would sell his possessions to meet the needs of the poor and always kept the impoverished in mind.
He would spend part of the night hours reciting [[Night prayers]], and if the fighters of [[Hezbollah]] lost track of him, even during a battle, they would find him under the shade of a tree or in a ruined building, humbly engaged in night prayers.
Fawzi Ayub always wished for his life to conclude like that of [[Musa al-Kadhim|Imam Kadhim (peace be upon him)]], and he had learned the suppression of anger from this Imam. He stated, "I wish to be a mujahid and a captive, to engage in the [[worship]] of God during captivity, and ultimately attain martyrdom." The path of Martyr Fawzi Ayub's life was summarized in four words: mujahid, captive, wounded, and martyr<ref>[https://kayhan.ir/0007fD Same].</ref>.

==Will and testament==

In a passage from the will of the Shrine Defender Martyr of [[Hezbollah]], Fawzi Ayub, it is stated: "The pleasure of [[jihad]] within the ranks of the resistance and its victories is indescribable. It is a divine and beautiful image, transcending worldly pleasures. This love and affection is bestowed by [[God]] Himself upon the mujahid in His path. The [[angels]] of God boast of such a mujahid, and as long as he wears the garment of jihad, God aids him, delivers him, and opens the doors of heaven to him."<ref>[http://harimeharam.ir/News/43666 A passage from the will of Martyr Fawzi Ayub, Harimeh Velayat].</ref>.

==See also==
* [[Sayyid Hassan Nasrallah]]
* [[Hezbollah]]
* [[Imad Mughniyeh]]
* [[Syria]]
* [[Takfiri]]
* [[Daesh]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* [https://dnws.ir/0005H1 The prisoner who became a commander, Sacred Defense News Agency], Published: 27 May 2014, Retrieved: 6 August 2024.
* [https://kayhan.ir/0007fD The martyr who was wanted by America, Kayhan], Published: 15 November 2014, Retrieved: 6 August 2024.
* [https://www.javanonline.ir/002ifK "Fawzi Ayub" reached the victory of martyrdom, Javan Online], Published: 27 May 2014, Retrieved: 6 August 2024.
* [http://harimeharam.ir/News/43666 A passage from the will of Martyr Fawzi Ayub, Harimeh Velayat], Published: 16 April 2020, Retrieved: 6 August 2024.
* [https://fa.alalam.ir/news/1597862/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%B4%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87%D8%8C-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%82%DB%8C%D8%A8-%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D8%B3 Hezbollah Martyr Commander is Wanted by America!, Al-Alam Network], Published: 26 May 2020, Retrieved: 6 August 2024.

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Palestine]]

[[fa:فوزی ایوب]]

Draft:Firooz Aslani

2026-10-26T09:58:11Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Firooz Aslani
| image = اصلانی.jpg
| other_names =
| birth_year = 1953 CE
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_year =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| professors =
| students =
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Shia Islam]]
| notable_works =
| occupation = {{flatlist|Founding member of the [[World Union for Approximation of Muslim Jurists Institutions]]|Head of the Islamic Revolution High Studies Center|Head of the Public Law Group, Faculty of Law and Political Science}}
| website =
}}

'''Firooz Aslani''' is a founding member of the [[World Union for Approximation of Muslim Jurists Institutions]] and a member of the university faculty.

== Education ==
Bachelor of Judicial Law from the [[University of Tehran]].
Master of International Law from Hull, [[England]].
PhD in Political Thought from the Research Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.

== Executive Records ==
# Representative of the Minister and Head of the Coordination Office for Administrative Violations and Disciplinary Boards of Scientific Boards of Higher Education Centers, 30 January 2007 – 1 February 2011.
# Member of the Specialized Council of the International Law Group, Payame Noor University, 27 May 2007 – 26 May 2009.
# Head of the Islamic Revolution High Studies Center, 30 December 2007 – 18 February 2019.
# Member of the Law Committee affiliated with the Office of Expansion and Planning of Higher Education, 22 December 2008.
# Representative of the Executive Board for Recruitment of University of Tehran Faculty Members in the Scientific Competency Working Group of the Public Law Group, 27 April 2010.
# Head of the Public Law Group, Faculty of Law and Political Science, 6 November 2011 – 4 December 2015.
# Member of the Sub-working Group for Review and Compilation of the Public Law Curriculum, 21 December 2015 – 18 February 2018.

== Academic Works ==

=== Authored Books ===
# Firooz Aslani and Ali Sohrabloo. ''Analysis of the Functions of the Council Institution in the Legal System of the Islamic Republic of Iran''.
# Firooz Aslani and Nader Mirzadeh Koohshahi. ''Imam Khomeini and the Constitutional Law of the Islamic Republic of Iran''.

=== Articles Published in Domestic Journals ===
# Firooz Aslani and Mahmoud Fardkardel. "Analysis of the Concept of National Security and Its Constituent Elements" Law Quarterly (Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Science).
# Firooz Aslani and Mahmoud Fardkardel. "Security, the Islamic Republic, and Policy-Making Institutions" Law Quarterly (Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Science).
# Firooz Aslani and Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Kazemini. "The Concept of Rule of Law and Its Interpretation with Emphasis on the Constitution of the I.R. of Iran" Islamic Revolution Studies 8, 26 (2011).
# Firooz Aslani and Abolghasem Bahroudi. "Velayat-e Faqih, the Constitution, and the Issue of Legitimacy" Islamic Revolution Research Quarterly 1, 3 (2012).
# Akbar Talebaki and Firooz Aslani. "Analysis and Review of Solutions Provided for the Realization of Principle Eight of the Constitution" Islamic Revolution Research Quarterly 1, 4 (2013).
# Firooz Aslani and Ali Fattahi Zaferqandi. "Public Participation in the Administration of Islamic Government; Right or Duty?" Public Law Knowledge Quarterly, Guardian Council Research Center 3, 8 (2014).
# Firooz Aslani and Elaheh Marandi. "Examining the Developments of Islamic State Thought among the Muslim Brotherhood from the Beginning of the Movement to After the 2011 Egyptian Revolution" Social Theories of Muslim Thinkers 4, 1 (2014).
# Firooz Aslani and Elaheh Marandi. "Comparison of Principle Eight of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the Decrees of 'Enjoining Good and Forbidding Evil' in the Safavid Era" Biannual Quarterly of Public Law Thoughts 4, 1 (2014).
# Firooz Aslani and Elaheh Marandi. "Comparison of Principle Eight of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the Decrees of 'Enjoining Good and Forbidding Evil' in the Safavid Era" Biannual Quarterly of Public Law Thoughts 4, 1 (2014).
# Firooz Aslani and Mostafa Yousefi. "Legal Supervision over Cultural Institutions of the Islamic Republic of Iran" Islamic Revolution Research Quarterly 3, 11 (2014).

=== International Conferences ===
Firooz Aslani and Mohammad Javaheri Tehrani. "Civil Disobedience, a Mirage on the Path of Youth Justice Seeking" Youth Rights in Islamic Society, Tehran.

=== Domestic Conferences ===
Firooz Aslani. "Developments in Constitutional Law in Light of the Islamic Revolution" An Introduction to the Record of the Islamic Republic System of Iran, Tehran.

== See also ==
* [[University of Tehran]]
* [[World Union for Approximation of Muslim Jurists Institutions]]

== References ==
* [[Approximation News Agency]].

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Members of Approximation Institutions Unions]]

[[fa:فیروز اصلانی]]

Draft:Fidel Castro

2026-10-26T09:44:30Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Fidel Castro
| image = فیدل کاسترو.jpg
| full_name = Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz
| other_names = Fidel Castro
| birth_date = 13 August 1926
| birth_place = Birán, Oriente Province, Cuba
| death_date = 25 November 2016
| death_place = Havana, Cuba
| religion =
| denomination =
| notable_works = ''My Early Years'', ''Personal Memoirs of Fidel Castro''
| known_for = {{flatlist|Leader of the Cuban Revolution|Prime Minister of Cuba|President of the Council of State of Cuba}}
| website =
}}

'''Fidel Castro''', whose full name was Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (Spanish: ''Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz''), was a politician, revolutionary, and leader of the Cuban Revolution who from 1959 AD to 2008 AD, was considered the most important political figure of this country. After the overthrow of the Fulgencio Batista government, he first served as Prime Minister and then as President of the Council of State of Cuba, leading the country and implementing socialist policies in Cuba for nearly five decades. Castro is considered one of the most well-known political leaders of the 20th century. His supporters consider him a symbol of the struggle against [[Colonialism]], imperialism, and the dominance of the [[United States]], while his opponents describe his government as a single-party system restrictive of political freedoms. His tenure was accompanied by events such as the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Bay of Pigs Invasion, strategic rapprochement with the Soviet Union, and extensive US sanctions against Cuba.

== Biography ==

Fidel Castro was born on 13 August 1926 AD, in the town of Birán in Oriente Province, Cuba, into a wealthy family. His father, Ángel Castro, was a Spanish immigrant who amassed considerable wealth through investment in the agriculture and sugarcane transportation industry. His mother, Lina Ruz González, was also of Spanish descent. Castro spent his elementary years in [[Catholic Church]] schools and then went to Santiago de Cuba for further education. After completing secondary school, he entered the University of Havana and studied law. His student years played an important role in shaping his political character, and during this period he became familiar with nationalist, anti-colonial, and justice-seeking ideas.

== Political Activities ==

Castro's political activity began in the late 1940s AD. In 1947 AD, he participated in the efforts of opponents of the government of Rafael Trujillo, the dictator of the Dominican Republic, and a year later was present in the unrest in the city of Bogotá, Colombia. These experiences further directed his political outlook towards fighting authoritarian governments and the influence of the United States. In 1951 AD, Castro joined the Orthodox Party of Cuba and prepared himself to enter the House of Representatives; however, the military coup by Fulgencio Batista changed the country's political process. After the establishment of the military government, he prioritized armed struggle against Batista and took leadership of a group of government opponents.

In July 1953, forces under Castro's command attacked the Moncada Barracks; an operation that faced failure and many members of the group were killed or arrested. Castro was also arrested and sentenced to fifteen years in prison. During the trial, he presented his famous defense entitled ''History Will Absolve Me'', which later became one of the important texts of the Cuban Revolution. After about two years, following the announcement of a general amnesty by Batista, Castro was released from prison and went to [[Mexico]] with his brother Raúl Castro. In this country, he founded the 26th of July Movement and, in cooperation with Ernesto Che Guevara, began organizing guerrilla forces to return to Cuba and overthrow the Batista government.

== Cuban Revolution ==

After settling in Mexico, Fidel Castro, along with his brother Raúl Castro, Ernesto Che Guevara, and a number of Cuban fighters, organized the 26th of July Movement. Members of this movement entered the coasts of Cuba with the ship ''Granma'' in late 1956 AD. Although many of them were killed or captured in the first few days, a group of forces managed to take refuge in the Sierra Maestra mountains and begin guerrilla warfare against the Batista government. Over two years, the 26th of July Movement expanded its scope of influence by attracting popular forces and carrying out guerrilla operations. Finally, on the first day of January 1959 AD, Fulgencio Batista fled Cuba and revolutionary forces led by Castro entered Havana. With the victory of the revolution, the Batista government fell and Fidel Castro became the most important political figure in the country.

== Formation of Government ==

After the victory of the revolution, Castro was initially appointed commander of the armed forces and then in 1959 AD, as Prime Minister of Cuba. The new government, by implementing extensive economic and social reforms, declared large agricultural lands, industries, and many foreign companies national. These policies were welcomed by the low-income segments of society, but caused concern among domestic capitalists and the United States government. In the 1960s AD, the Cuban government established a single-party political system and the Communist Party of Cuba was recognized as the only official party of the country. During this period, extensive programs were implemented to combat illiteracy, develop medical services, provide free education, and expand social services, which are considered among the most important actions of the Castro government.

[[Category:Cuban politicians]]
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:Cuban Revolution]]
[[Category:Leaders of Cuba]]

[[fa:فیدل کاسترو]]

== Relations with the United States ==

Relations between Cuba and the United States deteriorated rapidly after the victory of the revolution. The US government, seeing its economic interests in Cuba threatened, imposed economic sanctions against the country and supported opponents of the Castro government. In April 1961 CE, a group of Cuban exiles supported by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) attacked Cuba in the "Bay of Pigs" region. The aim of this operation was to overthrow the Castro government, but government forces defeated the invaders in a short time and the operation ended in failure. This victory strengthened Castro's political position within the country.

== Cuban Missile Crisis ==

In 1962 CE, the Soviet Union, with the consent of the Cuban government, proceeded to deploy nuclear missiles in the country. The discovery of these missiles by the United States placed the world on the brink of direct confrontation between the two superpowers and formed one of the most sensitive crises of the [[Cold War]] era. After several days of intense tension, the crisis ended through negotiations between John F. Kennedy, the US President, and Nikita Khrushchev, the leader of the Soviet Union. Based on the agreement between the two parties, Soviet missiles were withdrawn from Cuba and the US also committed not to launch a military attack on the country.

== Domestic Policy ==

During the following decades, the Castro government pursued a state economy and centralized planning policy. Free education and healthcare services, expansion of vaccination, increased literacy rates, and development of the public health system were among the most important social programs of his government. In contrast, restriction of political party activities, media control, arrest of opponents, and limitation of civil liberties were among the most important criticisms raised by domestic opponents and human rights organizations against his government. Castro also provided political and military support to leftist and anti-colonial movements in Latin America and [[Africa|Africa]], turning Cuba into one of the main allies of the Soviet Union in the Western Hemisphere.

== Transfer of Power ==

Fidel Castro temporarily transferred his powers to his brother Raúl Castro on 31 July 2006 CE, due to illness and intestinal surgery. This was the first time since the victory of the Cuban Revolution that he had entrusted the responsibility of running the country to another person. On 24 February 2008 CE, Raúl Castro was officially elected as President of the Council of State and President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba, and Fidel Castro withdrew his candidacy for a new presidential term.

== Assassination Attempts ==

Fidel Castro's tenure was accompanied by numerous attempts to assassinate him. According to statements by "Fabian Escalante", the former head of the Cuban security apparatus, hundreds of assassination plots were designed against him during Castro's years of rule, the most famous of which were an explosive cigar, an explosive seashell, a diving suit contaminated with toxic materials, and being fed lethal pills. Some Cuban sources have announced the number of these plots as '''638 cases''', although this statistic has not been definitively confirmed by independent researchers and there is disagreement about it. However, Fidel Castro is among the few political leaders in the world for whom numerous reports have been published regarding attempts to assassinate him.

== Political Views ==

Castro is considered one of the prominent figures of the socialist and anti-imperialist movement in the 20th century. He believed that the economic and political dominance of major powers, especially the United States, hindered the independence of Latin American countries. Therefore, his government's foreign policy was based on confronting US influence and expanding cooperation with socialist countries, especially the Soviet Union. He also emphasized the role of the state in providing education, health, and public services and considered the state economy the most appropriate model for achieving social justice. In contrast, his critics have accused the Cuban government of limiting political freedoms, banning the activities of opposition parties, controlling the media, and violating [[human rights]].

== Works ==

In addition to political activities, Fidel Castro left behind numerous works and conversations, some of which have been translated into various languages. Among his most important works are:

* ''My First Years of Life'';
* ''Personal Memoirs of Fidel Castro'';
* A collection of speeches and political messages about the Cuban Revolution, socialism, independence, and international relations.

== Death ==

Fidel Castro died on 25 November 2016 CE (5 Azar 1395 SH) at the age of 90 in Havana. The news of his death was announced by Raúl Castro on Cuban state television. After his death, the Cuban government declared several days of public mourning, and his funeral and burial ceremonies were held with the widespread presence of people and domestic and foreign officials. In Castro's political will, it was emphasized that the Cuban Revolution does not depend on an individual, but is the result of the struggles of the people of this country and must be preserved by future generations.

== Legacy ==
Fidel Castro is considered one of the most influential political leaders of the 20th century. The Cuban Revolution led by him was one of the most important political developments in Latin America and played a significant role in shaping the dynamics of the [[Cold War]]. His domestic and foreign policies remain the subject of historical and political science research, and his personality is evaluated from various aspects by supporters and opponents. Castro's supporters present him as a symbol of independence, social justice, and resistance against foreign domination, while critics consider his government an example of authoritarian and single-party systems.

== See also ==
* [[Mexico]]
* [[Cold War]]
* [[Human rights]]
* [[United States]]

== References ==
*[https://www.tabnak.ir/fa/news/644195/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C-%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%84-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88-%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7 "Biography of Fidel Castro, Revolutionary Leader of Cuba", Tabnak website]. Published 27 November 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2026.

[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Cuba]]
[[fa:فیدل کاسترو]]

Draft:Fahd bin Abdulaziz

2026-10-26T09:15:50Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Fahd bin Abdulaziz
| image = ملک فهد.jpg
| other_names = King Fahd
| birth_date = 1923 CE
| birth_place = Riyadh, [[Saudi Arabia]]
| death_date = 1 August 2005
| death_place = Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
| occupation = {{flatlist| Minister of Education| Minister of Interior| Crown Prince| King of Saudi Arabia}}
}}

'''Fahd bin Abdulaziz''', King of [[Saudi Arabia]], was born in 1923 CE in Riyadh and was one of the seven sons of Abdulaziz, the founder of Saudi Arabia. He completed his primary education at the Princes' School and began his political career in 1953 CE as the Minister of Education, becoming the Minister of Interior in 1962 CE. Fahd began his career in his youth as an assistant to his brother, King Faisal, who was the Minister of Foreign Affairs at the time. Following the assassination of King Faisal in 1975 CE, his brother King Khalid ascended the throne as King of Saudi Arabia, and Fahd was appointed as Crown Prince and Deputy Prime Minister. In 1982 CE, he succeeded King Khalid as the King of Saudi Arabia. Fahd's reign was accompanied by extensive Saudi activities in international affairs. During the occupation of [[Kuwait]] by [[Iraq]], he supported the attack by international coalition forces to liberate Kuwait and allowed American forces to be stationed on Saudi soil. Due to old age and numerous illnesses, Fahd underwent surgery several times and died in 2005 CE in a hospital in Riyadh. After his death, the kingship was passed to his brother, [[King Abdullah]].

== Biography ==
Fahd bin Abdulaziz was born in 1923 CE in Riyadh and completed his education at the Princes' School. He studied Islamic sciences in [[Mecca]] and engaged in government work at a young age.

== Career ==
Throughout his life, Fahd served in various positions, including Minister of Education and Minister of Interior. As Crown Prince and then King of Saudi Arabia, he participated in international and Arab conferences, and in 1986 CE, he adopted the title Custodian of the [[Two Holy Mosques]] for himself. The killing of Iranians during the [[Hajj]] pilgrimage in 1366 SH (1987 CE), which led to the severance of relations between [[Iran]] and Saudi Arabia and a three-year ban on [[Hajj]] travel from Iran, occurred during his rule.

== Death ==
Fahd died on 1 August 2005 at the age of 84{{efn|Based on the birth year 1923, the age would be 82.}} due to heart and respiratory illnesses. Saudi state television announced the cause of his death as pneumonia.

== Reactions ==
After Fahd's death, Prince Abdullah was appointed as the new King of Saudi Arabia, and Saudi television programmes began broadcasting verses from the [[Quran]].

== See also ==
* [[Saudi Arabia]]
* [[King Abdullah]]
* [[Iraq]]
* [[Kuwait]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
* [https://www.mehrnews.com/news/213343 A summary of the biography of King Fahd, the deceased King of Saudi Arabia, Mehr News Agency website], Publication date: 1 August 2005, Accessed: 16 December 2025.

[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Heads of state]]
[[Category:Heads of Islamic states]]
[[Category:Saudi Arabia]]

[[fa:فهد بن عبدالعزیز]]

Draft:Fazlullah Nuri

2026-10-26T09:12:16Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Sheikh Fazlullah Nuri
| image = شیخ فضل الله نوری.jpg
| birth_date = 1259 AH (1843 CE)
| birth_place = {{plainlist|Nur|Mazandaran}}
| death_date = 1327 AH (1909 CE)
| death_place = {{plainlist|[[Tehran]]|[[Iran]]}}
| religion = [[Islam]]
| sect = [[Shia Islam|Shia]]
| notable_works = {{flatlist|''Tadhkirat al-Ghafil''|''Irshad al-Jahil''|''Sahifah Mahdiyeh''}}
| occupation = [[Jurist]]
| teachers = {{plainlist|Sheikh Razi Al Khidr|Mirza Habibullah Rashti|Sayyid Muhammad Hasan Shirazi}}
}}

'''Sheikh Fazlullah Nuri''' (1259–1327 AH) was a [[Jurist]] and mujahid [[Shia Islam|Shia]] scholar in the 14th century AH and a student of [[Mirza Shirazi]]. He played an effective role in the victory of the Constitutional Revolution in [[Iran]] and believed that the [[constitution]] and other legal and criminal laws should comply with Islamic laws.

Sheikh Fazlullah Nuri was one of the combative scholars of the [[Constitutional Revolution]] era who reached [[martyrdom]] in Mordad 1288 SH (August 1909 CE). He, who sought to make the Constitutional Revolution compliant with Sharia (Mashru'eh), was targeted by biased parties with insults and [[slander]], and was falsely accused of opposing the Constitutional Revolution. Eventually, he was hanged on this charge.

== Biography of the Martyred Sheikh ==
Sheikh Fazlullah Kajuri Mazandarani, known as Nuri, was born in 1259 AH in "Lashk Kajur", a suburb of Mazandaran province. His father, Mulla Abbas Nuri, was among the religious scholars and trusted figures of the people of Nur, Mazandaran<ref>Tehrani, Muhammad Muhsin; ''al-Dhari'ah ila Tasanif al-Shi'ah'', Vol. 15, p. 23.</ref> and his grandfather, Mirza Taqi Nuri, was one of the greatest scholars of the Mazandaran region.

In his early youth, the Sheikh began studying the preliminaries of the sciences common in his era and migrated to [[Najaf]] to complete his studies, benefiting from the presence of great scholars such as Mirza Shirazi, [[Sheikh Razi Al Khidr]], and [[Mirza Habibullah Rashti]]<ref>A student of Sheikh Murtada Ansari.</ref>. Presence in the classes of these great professors caused him, while being placed among the special students, to reach a high scientific rank and the high level of jurisprudence and [[ijtihad]]<ref>Tehrani, Muhammad Muhsin; ''Mirza Shirazi'', translated by Ministry of Islamic Guidance, Tehran, 1362 SH, p. 181.</ref>.

The distinguishing feature of him was his confrontation with the Constitutional movement. After the Sheikh found the demand of the intellectuals regarding the "Constitution" arising from Western insight and thought, which was in contradiction with Islamic political foundations, he opposed it. This caused numerous oppositions against him; the end of these oppositions was the spread of a poisoned psychological atmosphere against him and finally his hanging at the age of 70.

== Scholarly Status of the Sheikh ==
The scholarly status of Sheikh Fazlullah was agreed upon by friends and foes. In addition to [[Islamic studies]], he was informed of other sciences and was aware of societal issues and the exigencies of the time. One of those who met the Sheikh writes: No one from friends or foes denied the Sheikh's scientific ranks, but they guessed that his knowledge was limited to only [[fiqh]] and [[usul al-fiqh|usul]]. The writer understood in several sessions that apart from the aspect of jurisprudence, he had sufficient information about the rest of the sciences<ref>''Maktubat, A'lamieh ha, ... va Chand Gozarish Piramun-e Naqsh-e Sheikh Fazlullah Nuri'', Muhammad Turkman, Vol. 2, p. 326.</ref>.

[[Nazim al-Islam]] writes: The day the aforementioned (Sheikh Fazlullah) was at Mr. Tabatabai's house, during the discussion in the assembly he said: A mulla from three hundred years ago is not useful for today's work. The Sheikh replied: You have gone too far, rather a mulla from thirty years ago is not useful for today. Today's mulla must be aware of the exigencies of the time, he must also know the relations of states<ref>''History of the Awakening of Iranians'', Nazim al-Islam Kirmani, p. 256.</ref>.

[[Edward Browne]], the famous researcher and historian, writes: Sheikh Fazlullah was known for perfection in terms of science and adornment and a comprehensive and complete [[Jurist]]... a famous mujtahid and a proficient scholar... and in terms of [[ijtihad]] was superior to others...<ref>''The Persian Revolution'', Edward Browne, translated by Ahmad Pazhuh, p. 355.</ref>. Mehdi Qoli Hedayat said: His scientific status is higher than the two seated Sayyids (Tabatabai and [[Vahid Behbahani|Behbahani]]). Students and most preachers surround him<ref>''Memoirs and Dangers'', Mehdi Qoli Hedayat, p. 155.</ref>.

Abulhasan Alavi says: Sheikh Fazlullah was known as the first-grade student of Hajji Mirza Hasan Shirazi. He was the reference for religious affairs in the capital<ref>''Men of the Constitutional Era'', Abulhasan Alavi, p. 81.</ref>.

Fereydun Adamiat has written: The thinker of Mashru'eh Constitutionalism was Sheikh Fazlullah Nuri. Among the first-rank scholars whose base in Islamic ijtihad was recognized as superior to Tabatabai and [[Behbahani]]<ref>''Ideology of the Constitutional Movement'', Fereydun Adamiat, p. 429.</ref>.

[[Ahmad Kasravi]] writes:

Hajji Sheikh Fazlullah Nuri ... was counted among the famous and magnificent mujtahids of Tehran<ref>''History of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution'', Ahmad Kasravi, p. 31.</ref>.

And finally Yeprem Khan Armenian - who himself eventually became the executor of the Sheikh's execution order - wrote in his private notes:

Sheikh Fazlullah Nuri... was a high-ranking cleric and his word for the mass of people was considered as [[revelation]]<ref>''Yeprem Khan Sardar'', Ismail Ra'in, p. 252.</ref>.

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==

[[Category:Shia scholars]]
[[Category:Iranian clerics]]
[[Category:Constitutional Revolution of Iran]]
[[Category:1843 births]]
[[Category:1909 deaths]]

[[fa:فضل‌الله نوری]]

== Social Activities ==

Sheikh Fazlullah Nouri's activities against foreign dominance began upon his entry into [[Iran]] and took a specific form during the [[Tobacco Protest]] in 1309 AH (1891 CE). He actively participated in this anti-British movement and stood alongside [[Mirza Hasan Ashtiani]] at the axis of this movement, which ultimately led to the victory of the religious scholars.

From this time, a disagreement arose between him and Seyyed Abdullah Tabatabai (d. 1328 AH (1910 CE)), who was one of the first-rank mujtahids of [[Tehran]]; because, contrary to the fatwa of the great Mirza Shirazi, he ruled on the permissibility of using tobacco and opposed Mirza Shirazi's fatwa with the sentence: "I am a [[Jurist]] and Mirza Shirazi is another jurist." On the other hand, he did not pay the necessary attention to the policies of [[United Kingdom|Britain]] and even during the movement asked the people to go to the British embassy and protest there to seek help from Britain.

The Sheikh was consistently a supporter of [[Mashruteh-ye Mashru'eh|Sharia-based Constitutionalism]] and governance based on divine verses and Quranic laws, and opposed the constitutionalism desired by Westernized intellectuals and British colonialism, examples of which include the three-month protest at the shrine of [[Abdol-Azim Hosseini|Shah Abdol-Azim]] and Marvi School and the publication of the newspaper ''Da'wat-e Islami''.

[[Ahmad Kasravi]], one of the enemies of Sheikh Fazlullah Nouri, has recorded the following from Sheikh Fazlullah in the book ''History of Constitutionalism'':

Listen and let those present convey it to those absent, that the council that I want is a council that all [[Muslim|Muslims]] want, and Muslims want a council whose foundation is Islam; a council that does not contradict [[Quran|the Holy Quran]] and the Muhammadan Sharia<ref>Quoted from ''Mustadrakat A'yan al-Shi'a'', Vol. 4, p. 144.</ref>.

== Accusations ==

One of the important points of the Sheikh's life is his patience in the face of rumors and accusations attributed to him. Colonialism and Westernized intellectuals, after the fatwa prohibiting tobacco by Mirza Shirazi and its impact on society, realized the danger of the clergy's influence among the masses of people to prevent them from reaching their illegitimate benefits, and therefore tried to break this shelter of the masses of [[Muslim]] people.

They spread poisonous rumors about Sheikh Fazlullah on a wide scale; to the extent that even [[Akhoond Khorasani]] and Mulla Abdullah Mazandarani and Mirza Khalil Tehrani from the [[Marja|sources of emulation]] of [[Najaf]] who had approved the Constitutional Revolution, were influenced. [[Ruhollah Khomeini|Imam Khomeini]] (may God have mercy on him) says in this regard: Even the issue of the late Aqa Sheikh Fazlullah was reflected in Najaf in a bad way such that no voice came from there. This is how they constructed it in Iran and in other places<ref>Quoted from the book ''Namadaran-e Rahel'', p. 152.</ref>.

== Statements of Great Figures ==

'''Imam Khomeini (may God sanctify his soul):'''

The late Sheikh Fazlullah stood firm that constitutionalism must be Sharia-based. Laws must be in accordance with Islam. At the same time that he stated this matter and the supplement to the constitution was also due to his efforts, the opponents, the foreigners who saw such power in the [[Clergy]], did something in Iran that they created a court for Sheikh Fazlullah the mujahid and [[Mujtahid]] of high status, and a deviant pseudo-cleric tried him<ref>''Namadaran-e Rahel'', p. 151.</ref>.

'''A'yan al-Shi'a:'''

He is among the great Iranian scholars, rather all people, even his opponents, agree that he was the most knowledgeable and pious scholar of his time in Iran<ref>''Mustadrakat A'yan al-Shi'a'', Vol. 4, p. 138.</ref>.

'''Rayhanat al-Adab:'''

He is among the great mujtahid scholars and distinguished jurists and [[Muhaddith|Muhaddiths]] of the [[Twelver Shi'ism|Imamiyyah]] school in the early fourteenth century AH. All his time was spent in promoting religious rules through teaching and authoring, and he was the source of many religious services<ref>''Rayhanat al-Adab'', Vol. 5-6, p. 262-363.</ref>.

'''[[Abdolhossein Amini|Allameh Amini]] author of Shuhada-yi Rah-e Fazilat:'''

The personality under discussion is among the leaders of [[Muslim|Muslims]] and standard-bearers of knowledge and religion and the greatest scholar of [[Tehran]]; virtue and literature poured from his speech and expression<ref>''Shuhada-yi Rah-e Fazilat''.</ref>.

'''[[Jalal Al-e-Ahmad]] in the book ''Westoxication'':'''

I consider the corpse of that great man on the gallows like a flag that was raised on the roof of this country's house as a sign of the dominance of [[Westoxication]], after two hundred years of struggle<ref>''Westoxication'', p. 78.</ref>.

'''Ma'arif al-Rijal:'''

He was a scholar among the icons of Islam, carrying the banner of truth and faith, and the greatest religious leader who struggled against atheists and sinners and restrained them from their deviation. He was (may God have mercy on him) a literate poet who recited Arabic and Persian poetry<ref>''Ma'arif al-Rijal'', p. 158, Vol. 2.</ref>.

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

[[fa:شیخ فضل‌الله نوری]]

== After the Martyrdom of Sheikh Nuri ==

Numerous indications and evidence suggest that after the Sheikh's murder, the Akhund realized the anti-Islamic nature of the radical faction and attempted through various means to eradicate them. Among these was the ruling on the deviation of Taqizadeh's faction and his companions from Islam, and the necessity of his removal and expulsion from the Consultative Assembly. Ultimately, he decided to come to Iran to reform the Constitutional affair, but they [[martyrdom|martyred]] him. In this regard, first pay attention to the following reliable historical report:

Mr. Mohammad Wa'iz Zadeh Khorasani is the son of Sheikh Mahdi Wa'iz Khorasani, who was a great preacher in [[Mashhad]] during his era. [[Wa'iz Zadeh]], narrating from his father, relates an interesting story about the Akhund's struggle (after the Sheikh's murder) with the radical Constitutional faction, which is worth hearing. He writes, narrating from his father (Sheikh Mahdi Wa'iz):

Many of the ulama supporting Constitutionalism, when they understood the deceptions, opposed Constitutionalism and regretted their support. After the establishment of Constitutionalism and the formation of the Parliament, a secret letter from the late Akhund Khurasani, a major supporter of Constitutionalism, arrived in Mashhad....

The Akhund had written in that letter: Our goal from Constitutionalism was the establishment of justice and the promotion of Islam, not that they impose heavy taxes on the people and... Therefore, it is [[wajib|obligatory]] for every Muslim to fight against Constitutionalism<ref>Hozeh Magazine, No. 41, November 1990 – January 1991, pp. 27–28 (Ayam: Details of the story are found on page 5 of the same issue).</ref>.

From the late Akhund and Mazandarani, in the interval between the Sheikh's [[martyrdom]] and the Akhund's suspicious and early [[death]], many proclamations and statements were issued explaining the Islamic nature of the Constitutionalism they envisioned, and severely criticizing the performance of westernized and [[secular]] Constitutionalists, the mention and explanation of all of which requires a voluminous book.

== See also ==
* [[Mirza Habibullah Rashti]]
* [[Islamic sciences]]
* [[Ijtihad]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Islamic scholars]]
[[Category:Shia scholars]]

Draft:Fazlullah Mojaddedi

2026-10-26T08:51:29Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Fazlullah Mojaddedi
| image = Mojaddedi.jpg
| birth_date = 1956 CE
| birth_place = Afghanistan
| notable_works = {{flatlist | ''The Truth of the History of Afghanistan from Amir Kabir to the Great Leader'' | ''Travelogue of One Hundred and One Days in Northern Afghanistan'' }}
| occupation = Afghan politician, Representative of the people of Logar in the 15th term of the House of Representatives of Afghanistan, Governor of Logar, Laghman, and Takhar provinces
}}

'''Fazlullah Mojaddedi''' (born: 1956, Baraki Barak District, Logar Province) is an Afghan politician and representative of the people of Logar in the 15th term of the [[House of Representatives (Afghanistan)|House of Representatives]] of [[Afghanistan]] <ref>[http://www.wolesi.website/pvd/showdoc.aspx?Id=701 National Assembly]</ref>. He has also served as the governor of Logar, Laghman, and Takhar provinces.

== Birth and Education ==

Fazlullah Mojaddedi was born in 1956 in the Qala Baba Sahib area, Baraki region, Baraki Barak District, Logar Province, Afghanistan. He holds a Bachelor's degree.

== Activities ==

* Commander of Division/Corps 36, Logar Province.
* Member of the Consultative Council of the Interim Government.
* Head of the Refugees Office in Chitral.
* Head of Jihad for Logar Province in the Do Bandi Front.
* Head of Zone/Department of Southeastern Provinces.
* Member of the Council of Resolution and Contract.
* Member of Emergency Grand Assemblies, Head of the Representation Office of the Jamiat-e Islami Afghanistan Party in Zahedan, [[Iran]]. Governor of Logar, Laghman, and Takhar provinces.

== Works ==

# ''The Truth of the History of Afghanistan from Amir Kabir to the Great Leader''.
# ''Travelogue of One Hundred and One Days in Northern Afghanistan''.
# ''Memoirs and Impressions, Volume I''.
# ''Political Relations of India and Pakistan''.
# Several treatises and dozens of articles and interviews published in newspapers and magazines<ref>[http://logar.nu/index.php/8-2017-04-20-08-53-12/75-2017-05-11-18-34-23 Logar Province]</ref>.

== Notes ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Afghan politicians]]
[[Category:Afghanistan]]

[[fa:فضل الله مجددی]]

Draft:Fazal-ur-Rehman

2026-10-26T08:46:20Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Fazal-ur-Rehman
| image = فضل الرحمن.jpg
| other_names = Maulana Fazal-ur-Rehman
| birth_date = 19 June 1959
| birth_place = {{flatlist|[[Pakistan]]|Dera Ismail Khan}}
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
| notable_works = {{flatlist|''Islam and Modernity''|''Revelation in Islam''|''Philosophy and Tradition''|''Islamic Methodology in History''}}
| occupation = {{flatlist|Current Head of the Islamic Clergy Assembly|Member of the National Assembly of [[Pakistan]]}}
}}

'''Fazal-ur-Rehman''' (English: Fazal-ur-Rehman) is a [[Pakistan|Pakistani]] politician and the current head of the [[Islamic Clergy Assembly]]. Rehman was a member of the National Assembly of [[Pakistan]] between 1988 and May 2018 and previously served as the Leader of the Opposition from 2004 to 2007. Rehman is considered a politician supportive of the [[Taliban]] and is known for his close relations with the Islamic Emirate of [[Afghanistan]]. He has attempted to portray himself as someone unconnected to [[Religious extremism|extremists]] and religious radicals, and to reform his image as a moderate individual. In the past, he demanded the imposition of Sharia in Pakistan, but later formed alliances with [[Secularism|secular]] political parties.

== Biography ==
Rehman was born on 19 June 1959<ref>[https://www.thenews.com.pk/ The News website]</ref> (1 September according to another report) in Dera Ismail Khan into a political and religious family. He obtained his bachelor's degree in Islamic Studies in 1983 and received his master's degree from [[Al-Azhar University|Al-Azhar University]] in the [[Egypt|Egypt]].
His father, Mufti Mahmud, was an Islamic scholar and politician who served as the Chief Minister of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province from 1972 to 1973.

== Opposition to Tehreek-e-Insaf ==
On many occasions, Rehman has severely criticized [[Imran Khan|Imran Khan]] and the [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf political party]]. In 2013, Rehman announced that voting for Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf was [[Haram|forbidden]], and emphasized that Imran Khan was supported by the West and [[Judaism|Jewish]] lobbies, explicitly introducing him as an agent of [[United States|Americans]], [[Judaism|Jews]], Ahmadis, and a person of weak character<ref>[https://archive.pakistantoday.com.pk/2013/05/04/a-pti-vote-is-a-haram-vote-jui-f/ Pakistan Today]</ref>.

== Azadi March ==
In March 2019, Rehman led a march towards [[Islamabad|Islamabad]] and declared his intention to sit-in until the Prime Minister of Pakistan, Mr. [[Imran Khan]], resigned from his position. Thousands of members of his party held protests against Imran Khan. The protesters began their protest on 27 October from Sukkur and will pass through ''Sindh'' and ''Punjab''. Other political parties also joined these protests, which reached Islamabad on 31 October 2019. Rehman led the march and delivered speeches for them at various stages.

== Occupation of Afghanistan ==
Concurrently with the visit of [[Ashraf Ghani|Ashraf Ghani]], President of [[Afghanistan]], to [[Pakistan]], Fazal-ur-Rehman deemed [[war]] permissible in this country and opposed the presence of foreign troops in Afghanistan, believing that peace in Afghanistan will not be secured until foreign forces leave Afghanistan<ref>[https://tolonews.com/fa/afghanistan/%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A8%D8%AA-%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%86%D9%81%DB%8C-%D8%A2%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%87-%DA%AF%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7-%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86 Positive and negative reactions of Pakistani experts to recent statements by Maulana Fazal-ur-Rehman]</ref>.

== See also ==
* [[Pakistan]]
* [[Afghanistan]]
* [[Imran Khan]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Political figures]]
[[Category:Pakistan]]

[[fa:فضل الرحمان]]

Draft:Fereydun Abbasi Davani

2026-10-26T08:33:12Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Fereydun Abbasi Davani
| image = عباسی.jpg
| other_names = Dr. Abbasi
| birth_date = 1958 (CE)
| birth_place = [[Iran]], [[Khuzestan Province]], Abadan
| death_date =
| death_place =
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Shia Islam|Shia]]
| advisors =
| students =
| notable_works =
| occupation =
| website =
}}

'''Fereydun Abbasi''' born 1958 (CE), in Abadan. He is the representative of this city in the 11th term of the [[Islamic Consultative Assembly]] and a member of the approximation unions of the [[World Assembly for Approximation of Islamic Sects]]. He was martyred in the [[2025 Israel attack on Iran|2025 Israel attack on Iran]].

== Education ==
* BA in Nuclear Physics from Shiraz University;
* MA in Nuclear Physics from Ferdowsi University of Mashhad;
* PhD in Nuclear Engineering from Amirkabir University of Technology.

== Activities ==
# Deputy for Student – Cultural Affairs at Shahid Beheshti University;
# Founder and Secretary of the Iranian Nuclear Society;
# Head of Physics Group at Imam Hossein University (peace be upon him);
# Head of Research Institute at Malek Ashtar University;
# Deputy for Graduate Studies at Imam Hossein University (peace be upon him);
# Executive Manager and Advisor to the Deputy of Student Affairs, Ministry of Science, Research and Technology;
# Head of Education and Research Center for Physics at Imam Hossein University (peace be upon him);
# Vice President and Head of Atomic Energy Organization in the 10th Government;
# Representative of Kazeroon people in the 11th term of [[Islamic Consultative Assembly]].

== Martyrdom ==
Finally Fereydun Abbasi Davani, in the [[2025 Israel attack on Iran|2025 Israel attack on Iran]] was [[Martyrdom|martyred]].

== See also ==
* [[Martyrs of the 12-Day Imposed War of Authority]]
* [[2025 Israel attack on Iran]]
* [[Islamic Consultative Assembly]]
* [[Zionist regime]]

== References ==
* [https://fars.anjom.ir/fa/news/%D8%A2%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%B4%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C Introduction to Martyr Professor Fereydun Abbasi Davani, Website of Association of Cultural Works and Honors], Published 12 June 2025 (CE), Retrieved 20 July 2025 (CE).

{{Martyrs}}

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Members of Approximation Unions]]
[[Category:Martyrs]]
[[Category:Shia Martyrs]]
[[Category:American Crimes]]
[[Category:Israeli Crimes]]
[[Category:Iran]]

[[fa:فریدون عباسی دوانی]]

Draft:Fariduddin Qadri

2026-10-26T08:27:21Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

Draft:Children of Ali ibn Abi Talib

2026-10-26T08:17:36Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

Draft:Ferhat Abbas

2026-10-26T08:09:19Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Ferhat Abbas
| image = فرحات عباس.jpg
| other_names = Ferhat Abbas Mekki
| birth_date = 24 August 1899
| birth_place = Algeria
| death_date = 24 December 1985
| death_place = Algiers, Algeria
| religion = [[Islam]]
| sect = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
| notable_works = Manifesto of Independence
| occupation = President of the Constituent Assembly of Algeria, National Liberation Front
}}
'''Ferhat Abbas Mekki''' was an Algerian fighter against French colonialism.

On 8 May 1945 CE, [[France|French]] authorities committed one of their most horrific massacres in Algeria, killing 45,000 Algerians over two weeks. Just as impactful as this massacre was on Algerians, it paved the way for them, and the people entered a new stage in their struggles for their country's independence.

Ferhat Abbas was one of the Algerian elites affected by this massacre. Prior to this, he had demanded the integration of Algerians with the French and denied the existence of an Algerian nation. However, witnessing these atrocities and massacres caused him to reform his method of struggle and become a fighter for Algerian independence.

== Birth ==
He was born in the city of Taher, part of the Jijel Province, country of Algeria, in a farming family consisting of 12 members. His grandfather, named "Abbas", was one of the popular leaders of the revolution in the late nineteenth century.

== Education ==
In 1921, Ferhat Abbas succeeded in obtaining a bachelor's degree, but was prevented from continuing his studies to join military service in the ranks of the [[France|French]] army in Annaba, where he remained for three years, and graduated from the army with the rank of sergeant.

Afterwards, Ferhat Abbas joined the University of Algiers to continue his studies in pharmacy, and at the university, the new personality of Ferhat Abbas was formed, who believed that France was his homeland and that there was no homeland called [[Algeria]].

Ferhat Abbas did not abandon his [[Islam|Islamic]] principles at the university, and in 1924 established the Association of Muslim Students at the University of Algiers and also became a member of the [[North Africa]] Students Association; to gradually transform from being merely a serious student.

== Political Activities ==
Ferhat Abbas's struggles in the 1920s and 1930s revolved around the idea of equal rights between Europeans and Algerians, and he also defended the citizenship of Algerians.

On the occasion of the centenary of the occupation of Algeria, Ferhat Abbas published a book in 1931 that highlighted his political view regarding the demand for equality that he had adopted, but French authorities prevented the publication of this book.

Ferhat Abbas's political activity coincided with the emergence of the national movement, and Abbas became one of its leaders. Messali Hadj bore the slogan of independence, and [[Abdelhamid Ben Badis|Sheikh Abdelhamid Ben Badis]] represented the Association of [[Muslim]] Scholars of this movement. Regarding reforms, Ferhat Abbas bore the flag of equality, before his thought turned to integration.

== Support for Integration and Formation of an Algerian Federation with France ==
Three currents of the Algerian national movement in the nineteenth century were contradictory and had conflicting goals, so it was obvious that conflict between these currents would be apparent, especially after Ferhat Abbas's thoughts at that time reached the denial of the existence of a current.

At the Islamic Conference held in 1936, which brought together various currents of the Algerian national movement including Ferhat Abbas, he said his famous sentence: "I searched in history, asked the living and the dead, and visited the graves, but no. No one told me about this country" to deny the idea of an Algerian nation.

This statement provoked the president of the Association of Muslim Scholars, Sheikh Abdelhamid Ben Badis, and he responded to Ferhat Abbas in an article in the newspaper Al-Shihab: "This [[Ummah|Islamic Ummah]] of Algeria is not France. It cannot be France and does not want to become France." Even if it wants to, it cannot become France, rather it is a nation that is distant from France in terms of language, morals, race, and religion."

Ferhat Abbas, continuing his uprising against the tendencies of the national movement, announced his support for the "Viollette Plan", which was rejected by most parties and personalities of the national movement.

This project was launched by Léon Blum, the then Prime Minister of France. And Maurice Viollette, who was the Governor-General of Algeria, required reforms in the constitution in exchange for France abandoning its role as an occupier, which was Ferhat Abbas's proposal at the time, to give equal rights between the French and Algerians.

To defend his beliefs, Ferhat Abbas established the "Popular Union" party, turned his pharmacy located in Sétif Province into his party headquarters, and held seminars and intellectual and political associations to promote his ideas and demands for equality between Algerians and French.

== Fighting for France ==
Ferhat Abbas volunteered to defend France in [[World War II]] and witnessed the defeat of France with his own eyes. With the start of World War II in 1939 CE and at the age of forty, Ferhat Abbas volunteered and appeared in the French army to defend the French nation in the war against Nazism and before that had participated in battles defending Paris. After the fall, he left the French army.

[[Category:1899 births]]
[[Category:1985 deaths]]
[[Category:Algerian politicians]]
[[Category:Algerian nationalists]]
[[fa:فرحات عباس]]

== Ferhat Abbas and the Struggle for Algeria ==

Ferhat Abbas began his struggle for Algeria with a new idea by issuing a statement requesting a solution for the situation of Algerians, naming this statement the "Manifesto of the Algerian People", and secretly entrusted it to Robert Murphy. The representative of the then President of the [[United States|America]] in Algeria, following the entry of American forces into Algeria in November 1942, requested that the [[Allies]] find a solution for the region after the war. Afterwards, Abbas became hated by French officials, who arrested him, and he remained in prison until December 1943.

Following this, Ferhat Abbas founded the Friends of the Manifesto and Liberty movement and fought through it to achieve the demands of the Algerians.

== The Last Straw ==

The radical change in the positions of Ferhat Abbas and most Algerian elites was shocking. This shock stemmed from the massacre of 8 May 1945, when the French killed tens of thousands of Algerians, especially since a large part of the massacres occurred in the city of Sétif, where Ferhat Abbas lived.

Abbas condemned these massacres and began acting against France because of them, resulting in his imprisonment again.

After that prison term, Abbas returned to political life through a new party called the Democratic Union of the Algerian Manifesto and participated in the French parliamentary elections, securing several of Algeria's seats.

With the outbreak of the Algerian Revolution on 1 November 1954 by the National Liberation Front, Ferhat Abbas joined the revolutionary party and became its representative in Paris, also negotiating in its name with Edgar Faure, the Prime Minister of France, for the formation of an independent Algeria.

Ferhat Abbas also became a financier of the revolution throughout his stay in France with money and medicine, and met more than once with Abane Ramdane – one of the leaders of the revolution – in France and [[Ahmed Ben Bella|Ahmed Ben Bella]] – the first President of Algeria.

And when he announced the formation of the first Provisional Government of Algeria in [[Tunisia]], Ferhat Abbas was its first President, from September 1958 to August 1961, before Youssef Ben Khedda succeeded him.

== Ferhat Abbas After Algerian Independence ==

After independence, Ferhat Abbas was elected as the head of the first Algerian Assembly after independence, but resigned on 13 September 1963 after opposing the proposed constitution of the National Liberation Front at that time.

Opponents of Ferhat Abbas shot at him, to the extent that his comrade Ahmed Ben Bella turned against him and imprisoned him in the south of the country, and he was only freed in May 1986 (CE).<ref>Translator's note: The source text states release in 1986, but death is listed as 1985 in the following section.</ref>

[[Houari Boumédiène|Houari Boumédiène]] turned against his associate Ben Bella and became the President of Algeria, and there Ferhat Abbas opposed what he called "individual rule" in Algeria, therefore:

In March 1976, he signed a "Statement to the People of Algeria" in which he condemned Boumédiène himself.

The latter placed him under house arrest before his release on 13 June 1978.

During the rule of Chadli Bendjedid, after being awarded the Medal of Resistance in October 1984, respect for Ferhat Abbas was restored.

Ferhat Abbas passed away one year later on 24 November 1985 (CE) and was buried in the Martyrs' Square of the Alia Cemetery of Elders and Fighters of the Algerian Resistance.

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==

* [https://arabicpost.net/%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9/2022/09/19/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3/ Retrieved from website]
* [https://wikijoo.ir/index.php?title=%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%8C_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AD%D8%AA_(%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B9%DB%B9%D9%80%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B8%DB%B5) Retrieved from website]

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Algeria]]

[[fa:فرحات عباس]]

Draft:Farajollah Salashoor

2026-10-26T07:55:31Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Farajollah Salashoor
| image = فرج الله سلحشور.jpg
| birth_date = 1952 (CE)
| birth_place = Qazvin
| death_date = 27 February 2016 (CE)
| death_place = Tehran
| religion = Islam
| denomination = Shia
| notable_works = {{flatlist | Men of Andalusia | Taubah Nasuh | TV series Prophet Joseph}}
| occupation = Director, Actor, Writer
}}

'''Farajollah Salashournia''' (born 1952 (CE) in Qazvin, died 27 February 2016 (CE) in Tehran), known as Farajollah Salashoor, was an [[Iran|Iranian]] actor, makeup artist, writer, and director. Salashoor has directed historical-religious TV series such as Prophet Job, Men of the House, and Prophet Joseph for the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting.

== Biography ==
Farajollah Salashoor was born in 1952 (CE) in Qazvin. He began his artistic activity with acting in the film Taubah Nasuh in 1982 (CE), directed by Mohsen Makhmalbaf. He engaged in makeup in addition to acting in "The Gravedigger" two years later, and in 1986 (CE), he played a role in the film "Night Flight" made by Rasoul Mollagholipour.<br>
He officially started filmmaking in 1993 (CE), in the film "Prophet Job". Not only did he act in this film, but the writing and directing of this film were also his responsibility.
Salashoor, who in subsequent years had tried to convert Quranic stories into TV series, in 1997 (CE), made the TV series "Men of the House", and ten years later, in 2007 (CE), he wrote, directed, and produced the TV series "Prophet Joseph".

== Filmography ==

*"1982" Taubah Nasuh, Actor;
*"1984" The Gravedigger, Actor, Makeup Artist;
*"1986" Night Flight, Actor;
*"1988" Man and the Gun, Actor, Producer;
*"1993" Prophet Job, Actor, Director, Screenwriter;
*"1997" Upside Down World, Actor;
*"1997" Men of the House, Director;
*"2007" Prophet Joseph, Director, Producer, Writer.

== Viewpoints ==
=== Criticism of the House of Cinema ===
Farajollah Salashoor claimed in an interview that the House of Cinema invites agents of American cinema to travel to Iran and holds a ceremony to honor those who have made films against Iran and [[Islam]]. He had said: Iranian cinema is contaminated with corruption and has become a playground for a dangerous mafia. Due to these statements, the House of Cinema filed a lawsuit against him. <ref>[https://www.tabnak.ir/fa/news/59703/%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1 Iran House of Cinema's Complaint against Salashoor]</ref>

=== Accusation of Plagiarism and Acquittal ===
On 4 April 2010 (CE), the Special Branch for Investigating Crimes of Government Employees sentenced Farajollah Salashoor to 3 years imprisonment and a fine of 1.5 billion Tomans for the crime of plagiarism by copying the script of the series Prophet Joseph from the two-volume book and script ''Yusuf Siddiq'' by Shahabuddin Taheri. However, in the end, the court issued a verdict of acquittal. And Salashoor denied the news of his conviction several times.

== Death ==
Farajollah Salashoor died on 27 February 2016 (CE) in Tehran due to complications of lung cancer and was buried in Imamzadeh Seyed Jafar, Bagh-e Feyz, Tehran. Before his death and while suffering from lung cancer, he was preparing to make a series based on the life of "Moses (peace be upon him)".<ref> [https://www.isna.ir/news/94120804817/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%B4%D8%AA ISNA News Agency]</ref>

The Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution of Iran offered condolences for the death of this prominent Iranian artist in a message.<ref> [https://www.leader.ir/fa/content/14310 Condolence Message of Sayyid Ali Khamenei Following the Death of Farajollah Salashoor] </ref>

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Iran]]

[[fa:فرج‌الله سلحشور]]

Draft:Fathi Muhammad Yakan

2026-10-26T07:22:09Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Fathi Muhammad Yakan
| image = فتحی یکن.jpg
| birth_date = 1933 CE
| birth_place = [[Tripoli, Lebanon|Tripoli]]
| death_date = 2009 CE
| death_place = [[Lebanon]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
| notable_works = {{flatlist|''Problems of the Call and the Caller''|''Youth and Change''|''Movements and Schools in the Scale of Islam''}}
| known_for = Cooperation with [[Muslim Brotherhood]]
| occupation = Politician, Religious Scholar
}}

'''Fathi Muhammad Yakan''' was born in 1933 CE in [[Tripoli, Lebanon|Tripoli]], [[Lebanon]]. '''"Yakan"''' means the nephew of the Sultan. He was a former Deputy Parliament member, a [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] politician, religious scholar, Head of the Islamic Action Front in Lebanon, and former Secretary-General of the Islamic Group in [[Lebanon]].

== Biography ==
He was born in [[Tripoli, Lebanon|Tripoli]], [[Lebanon]], and his family is of [[Turkey|Turkish]] origin. His father was '''Muhammad Inayah''' and his mother was named Aisha. He married Mona Haddad, with whom he had four daughters and one son. He held a PhD in Islamic Studies and [[Arabic language|Arabic]]. He founded a private Islamic university with his wife named Al-Jinan University in [[Tripoli, Lebanon|Tripoli]]. His wife was known for her intellectual and defensive efforts and was among the few female members of the movement.

== Activities ==
He was engaged in [[Islam|Islamic]] work in [[Lebanon]] since the 1950s and was among the first generation of founders of the Islamic movement in Lebanon, which entered the leadership of this movement in the 1950s influenced by the efforts of [[Muslim Brotherhood|Syrian Muslim Brotherhood]].
Between 1962 and 1992 CE, he became the Secretary-General of the Islamic Group, the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] branch in [[Lebanon]]. He was elected as a Member of Parliament and, while maintaining membership in the Islamic Group, founded the Islamic Action Front. He took political initiative to exit the power crisis between the Government of Lebanon headed by ''Fouad Siniora'' and his allies, and the opposition, led by [[Hassan Nasrallah|Sayyid Hassan Nasrallah]], [[Michel Aoun]], and [[Nabih Berri]].
On Friday, 8 December 2006, he managed the gathering of opponents in Riad al-Solh Square, Beirut, and led the worshippers and sermons of [[Friday prayer]]. His writings tend towards the works of [[Sayyid Qutb]], although his political performance is moderate. He was respected by Islamic, Lebanese, and international political circles in general and was among the figures seeking rapprochement between [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] and [[Shia Islam|Shia]], such that some sources have recorded his positions in this regard, including his leadership of prayers in both [[Shia Islam|Shia]] and [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] contexts.

== Works ==
Numerous books have been published by him, most of which have been translated into some of the world's languages, and more than 35 books have been published by him, the most prominent of which are:

{{div col}}
# ''Problems of the Call and the Caller'';
# ''How Do We Call to Islam?'';
# ''Towards a Single Global Islamic Movement'';
# ''The Movement Encyclopedia'' (2 parts);
# ''What Does My Affiliation to Islam Mean?'';
# ''Movements and Schools in the Scale of Islam'';
# ''Comprehensiveness in the Life of the Call and Callers'';
# ''Towards an Islamic Awakening at the Level of the Era'';
# ''Islamic Change Methodologies During the 20th Century'';
# ''Islam: An Idea, a Movement, and a Revolution'';
# ''Youth and Change'';
# ''Those Who Fall on the Path of the Call'';
# ''ABCs of the Movement Concept for Islamic Work'';
# ''Thorny Fruits from the Field of Islamic Experiences'';
# ''If Only My People Knew''.
{{div col end}}

== Death ==
He was finally transferred to Hotel Dieu Hospital due to severe illness and passed away there on Saturday, 20 Jumada al-Thani 1430 AH (14 February 2009 CE), at 4:45 AM at the age of 76.

== References ==
* See: Arabic Wikipedia; Article Fathi Muhammad Yakan.

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Muslim Brotherhood]]
[[Category:Lebanon]]

[[fa:فتحی محمد یکن]]

Draft:Fatima Kalabiyya

2026-10-26T07:00:59Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Fatima Kalabiyya
| image = ام البنین.jpg
| other_names = Umm al-Banin
| birth_date = 5 AH
| birth_place = Kufa
| death_date = 70 AH
| teachers =
| students =
| religion =
| denomination =
| notable_works =
| occupation =
| website =
}}

'''Fatima Kalabiyya''', known as '''"Umm al-Banin"''' (born 5 AH, died 70 AH), was the wife of the first Imam of the [[Shia Islam|Shiites]], [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him)]], and the daughter of Hizam ibn Khalid. After the [[martyrdom]] of [[Fatima bint Muhammad|Fatima (peace be upon her)]], [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Ali (peace be upon him)]] married Fatima Kalabiyya through the introduction of his brother Aqil<ref>"Umm al-Banin"; ''Great Islamic Encyclopedia''.</ref>.

== Biography ==
The date of Umm al-Banin's birth is not specified<ref>''Great Islamic Encyclopedia'', Author: Center for Great Islamic Encyclopedia, Vol. 10, p. 3929.</ref>. However, in Shia sources, considering the birth date of [[Abbas ibn Ali]], her first son, which was in the year 26 AH, her birth is considered to be in the years 5 and 9 AH<ref>Mohammadreza Mirzajan; "The Personality and Position of Umm al-Banin in Islam". Hawza Information Center.</ref>. "Hizam ibn Khalid ibn Rabi'a ibn Wahid ibn Ka'b ibn Amir ibn Kilab" is Umm al-Banin's father, a brave, courageous, and truthful man whose special qualities include honoring guests and strong logic. Umm al-Banin's mother is "Thumama (or Layla) daughter of Suhayl ibn Amir ibn Ja'far ibn Kilab"<ref>The Life of Qamar Bani Hashim, translation of ''Kitab al-Abbas'', written by Sayyid Abd al-Razzaq Musawi Muqarram, translator Parviz Lolavar, pp. 9 and 10.</ref>. Umm al-Banin is considered a literate and eloquent poetess and a person of virtue and knowledge.

== Reason for the Name Umm al-Banin ==
Fatima Kalabiyya had four sons who were famous for their courage and bravery, hence she was called Umm al-Banin, meaning "Mother of Sons". After the death of her sons, she asked women in her poems not to call her Umm al-Banin anymore because it reminds her of her brave sons and her heart burns. She said: I was Umm al-Banin, but now I am not Umm al-Banin and the mother of sons<ref>''Husayni Epic 2'', Author: Morteza Motahhari, Vol. 1, p. 90.</ref>. In some narrations, it is said that when she went to Ali's house, she requested not to be addressed as Fatima so that the children of Zahra would not be reminded of their mother. However, this claim has not been found in any reliable or unreliable source<ref>Encyclopedia of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) based on Quran, Hadith, and History, Author: Mohammad Mohammadi Reyshahri, Vol. 8, p. 425.</ref>.

== Marriage ==
Imam Ali (peace be upon him) asked his brother Aqil ibn Abi Talib, who was known for the science of genealogy, to choose a wife for him from the lineage of brave Arab men who would bear him horse-riding and brave children. Aqil replied: Marry Umm al-Banin Kalabiyya. There is no one braver than her fathers among the Arabs<ref>The Life of Qamar Bani Hashim, translation of ''Kitab al-Abbas'', written by Sayyid Abd al-Razzaq Musawi Muqarram, translator Parviz Lolavar, publisher Aram Del, print year 2016 CE, p. 51.</ref>. He entrusted the proposal to his brother Aqil. He went to Hizam ibn Khalid, Umm al-Banin's father. Hizam ibn Khalid hosted Aqil for three days according to Arab custom and on the fourth day asked the reason for his visit. Aqil said: I have come to propose your daughter Fatima for Ali ibn Abi Talib. Hizam first praised the lineage and family of Ali ibn Abi Talib and then said Ali ibn Abi Talib should choose someone who has urban etiquette and manners, while we are Bedouins and different from city dwellers. Aqil replied: My brother is aware of what you say but desires this marriage. Then Hizam said: Give me time to ask my daughter and her mother whether they accept Ali ibn Abi Talib or not? Because women are more knowledgeable and aware of the ethics and manners of their daughters than men. Finally, Aqil contracted the marriage between them with Umm al-Banin's permission with a dowry of 500 dirhams which was the Sunnah of the Messenger of God<ref>Nahid Tayebi; "Mother of the Moon; A Research on the Life and Personality of Umm al-Banin (peace be upon her)". Hawza Information Center.</ref>.
In historical sources, there is no mention of her marriage after Ali ibn Abi Talib, even when some of Ali ibn Abi Talib's wives consulted her about their marriage, she told them it is not worthy to make a marriage covenant with another man after Ali<ref>Bright Star, written by Ali Rabani Khalkhali, p. 48.</ref>.

== Children ==
She had four sons named: Abbas, Abdullah, Ja'far, and Uthman.

== After the Martyrdom of Her Children ==
Umm al-Banin was not present at the event of Karbala. When the caravan of Karbala captives entered Medina and she was informed of the killing of her sons; she asked about the fate of [[Husayn ibn Ali|Husayn (peace be upon him)]] and when she heard the news of the killing of Husayn (peace be upon him), she said: "I wish my sons and everything on earth were sacrificed for Husayn (peace be upon him) and he remained alive." Some consider this speech as evidence of her deep devotion to the [[Ahl al-Bayt]] and Husayn (peace be upon him). All four of her sons were killed in Karbala<ref>"Umm al-Banin". ''Great Islamic Encyclopedia''.</ref>. Umm al-Banin went every day with her grandson Ubaydallah, son of Abbas, to the Baqi cemetery and recited poems there that she had composed herself and then cried. People would gather around her and join her. It is even said that Marwan ibn Hakam would be present there and cry. It is also said that Zaynab went to visit Umm al-Banin after entering Medina and offered condolences for the death of her sons<ref>''Great Islamic Encyclopedia'', Author: Center for Great Islamic Encyclopedia, Vol. 10, p. 3929.</ref>.

== Death ==
Umm al-Banin died on 13 Jumada al-Thani, 64 or 70 AH<ref>Islamic Works, Rasul Ja'fariyan, p. 349.</ref>. She was buried in the Baqi cemetery next to Safiyya and Atika, the aunts of Muhammad ibn Abdullah<ref>The Life of Qamar Bani Hashim Bab al-Hawa'ij, Author: Abd al-Husayn Mu'mini, Publisher: Badreqeh Javidan, Print Year 2008 CE, p. 137.</ref>.

== See also ==
* [[Fatima bint Muhammad]]
* [[Ali ibn Abi Talib]]
* [[Abbas ibn Ali]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Religious Figures]]

[[fa:فاطمه کلابیه]]

Draft:Fatima al-Fihri

2026-10-26T06:50:42Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Fatima al-Fihri
| image = دانشگاه_قرووین.jpg
| birth_date = 800 AD
| birth_place = Tunis
| death_date = 878 AD
| death_place = Fes
| known_for = Founder of the Mosque and [[University of al-Qarawiyyin]]
}}

'''Fatima al-Fihri''' was the founder of the Mosque and [[University of al-Qarawiyyin]], where many scholars from the Islamic world acquired knowledge and taught.
Among these famous individuals were the founders of the Sanusi school and sect, [[Muhammad ibn Ali al-Sanusi]] and [[Muhammad al-Mahdi al-Sanusi]], as well as figures such as [[Ibn Khaldun]] and [[Ibn Arabi]]. This article pertains to this Muslim woman.

== Biography ==

Fatima al-Fihri was the daughter of Muhammad al-Fihri, a wealthy merchant of the Fihrid family. The Fihrid family migrated from the city of Kairouan in modern-day Tunisia to modern-day Morocco along with a group of others in the early 9th century AD. She had a sister named Maryam<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180103090341/http://muslims-res.com/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88-%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84.html Fatima al-Fihri, the Founding Lady]</ref>.

After Fatima and Maryam inherited the wealth of their late father, they decided to build mosques and educational institutions like Kairouan as a waqf or charity for their father.

In the year 244 AH (858 AD), she established the first academic institution that granted higher education degrees, which is still in use today as the [[University of al-Qarawiyyin]] in the city of [[Fes]], [[Morocco]].

== World's Oldest Library ==

'''Fatima al-Fihri''' established one of the world's oldest libraries at the [[University of al-Qarawiyyin]].
This library was recently restored and reopened in May 2016. The library contains over 4,000 manuscripts, including Quranic manuscripts from the 9th century AD and a collection of the oldest hadith book manuscripts.<ref>"The Delicate Task Of Restoring One Of The World's Oldest Libraries"</ref>.

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Morocco]]
[[fa:فاطمه فهری]]

Draft:Fatimah Azzam

2026-10-26T06:44:17Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

Draft:Ali Heydari

2026-10-25T11:12:50Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Ali Heydari
| image = دکتر علی حیدری.jpg
| other_names = Dr. Ali Heydari, Martyr of the [[Al-Aqsa Mosque|Jerusalem]] Path
| birth_place = [[Qom]]
| death_date = 22 October 2024 (CE)
| death_place = Arab Salim, Nabatieh Province (killed by [[Israel|Zionist regime]] drone strike while in an ambulance)
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Shia Islam|Shia]]
| known_for = {{flatlist|Iranian physician based in [[Lebanon]]|Veteran and altruist of the [[Iran–Iraq War|Sacred Defense]]}}
}}
'''Ali Heydari''' was an Iranian physician based in [[Lebanon]] and a veteran of the [[Iran–Iraq War|Sacred Defense]] who was martyred along with a patient on 1 Aban 1403 SH, corresponding to 22 October 2024 (CE), in Arab Salim city, Nabatieh Province, while traveling in an ambulance carrying a wounded patient, by a drone of the [[Israel|Zionist regime]]. This action is considered a clear violation of the 1949 Geneva Conventions regarding the prohibition of attacks on hospitals, medical centers, physicians, and medical staff, and constitutes a war crime.

== Biography ==
Ali Heydari was born in the city of [[Qom]].

== Presence at the Front ==
He was among the altruists and veterans of the [[Iran–Iraq War|Sacred Defense]] who was present in the fronts of truth against falsehood during the [[Iran–Iraq War|imposed war]] between [[Iran]] and [[Iraq]].

== Presence in Lebanon ==
[[Martyr]] Ali Heydari was among the Iranian physicians based in [[Lebanon]] who was present in the country to treat the wounded and patients from the beginning of the [[Israel|Zionist regime]] aggression against southern [[Lebanon]].

== Martyrdom ==
Dr. Ali Heydari, on 1 Aban 1403 SH, corresponding to 22 October 2024 (CE), while traveling in an ambulance carrying a wounded patient, in Arab Salim city, Nabatieh Province, was martyred along with the patient by a drone of the [[Israel|Zionist regime]]<ref>[http://mshrgh.ir/1655983 Film/Account of the life of the Iranian doctor who was martyred in Lebanon, Mashregh].</ref>.

== Funeral Ceremony ==
The farewell ceremony to the pure body of the Martyr of the [[Al-Aqsa Mosque|Jerusalem]] path, Dr. Ali Heydari, the Iranian physician based in [[Lebanon]] and veteran of the [[Iran–Iraq War|Sacred Defense]] era, was held on Thursday afternoon, 3 Aban 1403 SH, at the Martyrs' Ascension Hall in [[Tehran]]<ref>[http://isna.ir/xdS7Yk Farewell to the body of the Martyr of the Jerusalem path Dr. Ali Heydari, Iranian doctor based in Lebanon, ISNA].</ref>. Then, according to his will, via an audio message sent by him before emphasizing that he would be martyred and wishing for his body to be buried in the holy shrine of [[Ruhollah Khomeini|Imam Khomeini]], his body was buried in the holy shrine of Imam Khomeini after the [[Funeral prayer]] was led by Hojjat al-Islam wa al-Muslimin Sayyid Hassan Khomeini on Friday, 4 Aban 1403 SH<ref>[https://donya-e-eqtesad.com/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-62/4116476-%D8%B4%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%B1%D8 Martyr Ali Heydari reached his wish, Donya-e-Eqtesad].</ref>.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Iranian physicians]]
[[Category:People from Qom]]
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:Iranian expatriates in Lebanon]]

[[fa:علی حیدری]]

==Reactions==
===Ministry of Health and Medical Education of the Islamic Republic of Iran===
Mohammadreza Zafarghandi; Minister of Health and Medical Education in a message offered congratulations and condolences on the martyrdom of the [[Axis of Resistance|Resistance Front]] physician Dr. Ali Heydari.

The text of this message is as follows:

In the name of the Lord of the Martyrs
'''{{Quran text|مِنَ المُؤمِنينَ رِجالٌ صَدَقوا ما عاهَدُوا اللَّهَ عَلَيهِ فَمِنهُم مَن قَضىٰ نَحبَهُ وَمِنهُم مَن يَنتَظِرُ وَما بَدَّلوا تَبديلًا|Surah =Al-Imran|Verse =169}}'''

The martyrdom of Dr. Ali Heydari, a devoted, humanitarian, daring, brave, discerning, and noble physician, after 33 years of practicing medicine and assisting the needy in the farthest points of Iran and years of medical services in [[Lebanon]], at the hands of the [[Zionist regime|criminal Zionist regime]] which is contrary to global regulations including the Geneva Convention (in support of health personnel), caused severe grief and sorrow. The deliberate targeting of this immigrant physician while heading to treat the wounded in Nabatieh Province, by the usurper and criminal Zionist regime, once again shows the world the necessity of an immediate halt to their countless crimes.
I offer condolences for the loss of this exemplary, self-sacrificing, and striving martyr in the way of God to his wife, children, dear brothers, friends, and the medical community of Iran and Lebanon, and I ask the Generous God for the exaltation of his great soul<ref>[https://behdasht.gov.ir/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%87-%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%87-%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C-%D Statement by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran regarding the martyrdom of an Iranian physician, Ministry of Health and Medical Education].</ref>.

===Iranian Medical Council===
The President of the Iranian Medical Council in a message offered congratulations and condolences on the martyrdom of Dr. Ali Heydari; an [[Iran|Iranian]] physician who was martyred during the savage attack by the [[Zionist regime]] on [[Lebanon]].
In the message of Mohammad Rezaeizadeh, President of the Iranian Medical Council, it states: The mujahid and high-ranking physician Dr. Ali Heydari, a member of the Iranian Medical Council, was martyred by the vicious Zionist regime while heading to the hospital to serve the wounded.
I congratulate the heroic martyrdom of this glorious mujahid to his honorable family and the entire medical community of the country.
[[Martyr]] Dr. Ali Heydari and other glorious martyrs of the medical community of this proud land, whether during the [[Iran–Iraq War|Sacred Defence]] and defence of the shrine, or the health defender martyrs during the Corona pandemic, all and all are documents of honor, dignity, humanitarianism, and courage of the country's medical community who, in the way of saving human lives, in addition to dedicating commitment and expertise, do not refrain from sacrificing their own lives<ref>[https://behdasht.gov.ir/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%BE%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D9%BE Condolence message by the President of the Medical Council following the martyrdom of an Iranian physician in Lebanon, Ministry of Health and Medical Education].</ref>.

===Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran===
[[File:شهید علی حیدری.jpg|frameless|left|Statement by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran regarding the martyrdom of Iranian doctor Dr. Ali Heydari in Lebanon during the savage attack by the Zionist regime]]

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

'''{{Quran text|وَلَا تَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِینَ قُتِلُوا فِی سَبِیلِ اللَّهِ أَمْوَاتًا بَلْ أَحْیَاءٌ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ یُرْزَقُونَ|Surah =Al-Imran|Verse =169}}'''

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]] offered congratulations and condolences on the oppressed martyrdom of Dr. Ali Heydari, a committed, serving, and compassionate physician for the people of [[Lebanon]] and [[Islamic Republic of Iran|Iranians]] residing in this country, who attained the high rank of martyrdom during the savage attack by the [[Zionist regime]] in Lebanon, to the family of that dear martyr and the resistant and noble people of Iran and Lebanon, and asks the Merciful God for his exaltation of rank and for patience and reward for the survivors and the family of Iranians residing in Lebanon.
Martyr Heydari, for some time prior, due to human and religious sense of duty, was present in [[Beirut]] to provide medical and healthcare assistance to the needy.
The action of the [[Zionist regime]] in targeting Dr. Heydari, who was active as a physician and aid worker to treat the wounded and help patients, is a blatant violation of the 1949 Geneva Conventions, regarding the prohibition of attacks on hospitals and medical centers and physicians and medical staff, and constitutes a war crime.
Since the beginning of the genocide plan in [[Gaza]] and subsequently the aggression against [[Lebanon]], the Zionist regime has repeatedly attacked medical centers, physicians, and aid workers, and in addition to the complete destruction of many hospitals and the killing of patients and the wounded, has martyred hundreds of healers.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]], while strongly condemning this war crime by the occupier regime, emphasizes the duty of competent organizations and institutions, including the International Committee of the Red Cross and the World Health Organization, to document repeated cases of flagrant violation of international humanitarian law and attacks on hospitals and medical staff in Gaza and Lebanon<ref>[https://mfa.gov.ir/portal/newsview/755449 Statement by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran regarding the martyrdom of an Iranian physician, Ministry of Foreign Affairs].</ref>.

==See also==
* [[Lebanon]]
* [[Zionist regime]]
* [[Islamic Republic of Iran]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* [http://isna.ir/xdS7Yk Farewell to the body of the martyr of the Quds Path Dr. Ali Heydari Iranian physician stationed in Lebanon, ISNA], 24 October 2024, Retrieved 26 October 2024.
* [http://mshrgh.ir/1655983 Film/Narrative of the life of the Iranian physician who was martyred in Lebanon, Mashregh], 24 October 2024, Retrieved 26 October 2024.
* [https://donya-e-eqtesad.com/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-62/4116476-%D8%B4%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF Martyr Ali Heydari reached his wish, Donya-e-Eqtesad], 25 October 2024, Retrieved 26 October 2024.
* [https://behdasht.gov.ir/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%87-%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%87-%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C-%D Statement by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran regarding the martyrdom of an Iranian physician, Ministry of Health and Medical Education], 23 October 2024, Retrieved 26 October 2024.
* [https://behdasht.gov.ir/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%BE%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D9%BE Condolence message by the President of the Medical Council following the martyrdom of an Iranian physician in Lebanon, Ministry of Health and Medical Education], 23 October 2024, Retrieved 26 October 2024.
* [https://mfa.gov.ir/portal/newsview/755449 Statement by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran regarding the martyrdom of an Iranian physician, Ministry of Foreign Affairs], 23 October 2024, Retrieved 26 October 2024.

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:15th Century SH Events]]
[[Category:Palestine]]
[[Category:Israeli Crimes]]

[[fa:علی حیدری (پزشک)]]

Draft:Alireza Tangsiri

2026-10-25T10:37:34Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

Draft:Adel Farid

2026-10-25T09:34:43Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Adel Farid
| image = عادل فرید.jpg
| full_name = Adel Mustafa Farid Al-Marzouqi
| other_names =
| birth_year = 1934 (CE)
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Cairo]]
| death_year =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| teachers =
| students =
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
| works =
| occupation = Cooperation with [[Muslim Brotherhood]]
| website =
}}
'''Adel Mustafa Farid Al-Marzouqi''' was a member of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] in the [[Arab Republic of Egypt|Egypt]].

== Biography ==
Adel Farid was born in 1934 (CE) in Rod El Farag, [[Cairo]]. His father passed away when he was 10 years old, and thereafter, his mother, along with his grandfather who was one of the scholars of [[Al-Azhar]], took responsibility for his upbringing. He completed various stages of education and received a bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering from [[Cairo University]] in 1972 (CE). He was arrested in 1972 (CE)[citation needed] and after being released from prison in 1352 SH (1973 (CE)), he married the daughter of an old friend.

== Cooperation with the Muslim Brotherhood ==
In 1951 (CE), through his uncle and friend named Khaled, who graduated from the Faculty of Law and was one of the forces of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]], he became acquainted with the Muslim Brotherhood. He joined this movement in 1952 (CE) and taught there, participating in the ''Ibrahim Pasha'' University camp. It was led by ''Muhammad Mahdi Akef'', and he was selected for the first battalion to the Canal in 1951 (CE), but one of the brothers ordered the doctor during the medical examination to reject '''Adel Farid'''. The only one who cared for the brothers and his mother was, in fact, rejected by the doctor.

== Acquaintance with the Brotherhood ==
Regarding how he became acquainted with the [[Muslim Brotherhood]], he says: I became acquainted with the Brotherhood through my uncle; he was my age and had joined the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] at that time. He invited me many times to go with him and pray at the mosque, but I always faced him with a firm refusal. However, one day I felt he was upset with me, so I said I would go with him so that he would not be angry with me anymore, and indeed I accepted his invitation. I went with him to [[Friday Prayer]] and at that time I saw the brothers in the mosque, became acquainted, became interested in them, and loved them. At that time, in 1952 (CE), a group was formed, and I joined it.

== Arrest and Interrogation ==
Following the Manchiah Incident in October 1954 (CE), a large number of brothers were arrested and left their families behind. Subsequently, some brothers and sisters formed groups to attend to these families; thus, Adel Farid was one of them. Amounts were collected and made available to the families; however, after a while, all those involved in this work were arrested. Adel was one of them and was arrested in the financing organization in Mordad (August) 55 (CE)<ref>The source text states "Mordad 55 CE", which is a calendar inconsistency (Persian month with CE year). Based on context (1954 incident and 1971 release), 1955 CE is intended.</ref> and brought to court. He was sentenced to ten years imprisonment in various prisons, including Asyut Prison and Al-Wahat Prison. He remained in prison until he emerged from the calamity of prison on 10/10/1971 (CE).

=== Learning Skills in Prison ===
Regarding this, he says: I was arrested continuously for 16 years. I started my activity at the age of twenty-one in 1955 (CE); the cause of the arrest was the Manchiah Incident, during which the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] was dissolved and a large number were arrested, and we were sentenced to 10 years in prison. He says we created theater teams and established 3 sports clubs (Al-Sahel, Al-Talia, and Al-Hilal) so that they would not get bored. In prison, he learned carpentry, plumbing, and blacksmithing. He also worked as a barber in Wahat Prison. Among the best things he learned was agriculture, and his acting talent was noticeable in Asyut Prison.

== Life After Hardship ==
After his release from prison in 1971 (CE), he did not leave his group. Since he lived in the Heliopolis area in 1975 (CE), he resumed his activity in the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] and remained in the service of his brothers until he was responsible for the Heliopolis region. However, the fatigue of years weighed on him, which caused him to resign from responsibility, and everyone in the Brotherhood was satisfied with him. After release from prison, he worked with Arab contractors for two years, and when Al-Sharif offered him work in his factories, he left the contractors and worked at the Al-Sharif Plastic Factory until he retired in 1996.

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==

[[fa:عادل فرید]]

== Relations with the Guides ==

He states the following regarding his relationship with the Guides: I was associated with four of the Guides named Hasan al-Hudaybi, [[Umar al-Tilmisani]], Hamed Abu al-Nasr, and al-Nasr. We were all in Wahat Prison. Regarding his relationship with Ustad al-Hudaybi, he says: He was far-sighted and possessed very high intelligence, and the first time we sat in the Revolutionary Command Council, he told us: Beware of this man, meaning [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]], and indeed it later became clear that [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] was exactly as he described. I recall that Hasan al-Hudaybi's advisor inside the prison would send us spiritual messages; once, during the blessed month of Ramadan, he sent us a prayer that had the greatest impact on me, and I recite it to this day: O Lord. I have greatly wronged myself, and no one forgives sins except You, so forgive me.

== References ==

* See: Adel Farid entry in Wiki-Ikhwan; [http://ikhwanwiki.com ikhwanwiki.com].

{{Egypt}}

[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Muslim Brotherhood]]
[[Category:Egypt]]

[[fa:عادل فرید]]

Draft:Umar ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas

2026-10-25T09:16:47Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Umar ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas
| image = عمر سعد.jpg
| full_name = Umar ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas ibn Malik ibn Uhayb (Wahib) ibn Abd Manaf ibn Zuhra ibn Kilab ibn Murra
| aliases = {{flatlist|Abu Hafs|Zuhri|Qurayshi|Madani}}
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{plainlist|65 AH|or 66 AH|or 67 AH}}
| death_place =
| religion = [[Islam]]
| sect =
| works =
| known_for = {{flatlist|Encouraging his father to claim the Caliphate during the [[Arbitration (Islam)|Arbitration]] event|Testifying against [[Hujr ibn Adi]]|Commanding the [[Kufa]] army in the [[Battle of Karbala|Event of Karbala]]|Firing the first war arrow towards Imam Husayn (peace be upon him) and his companions|Ordering horses to trample the Imam's body}}
| website =
}}

'''Umar ibn Sa'd''', known as '''Ibn Sa'd''', was the son of one of the early [[Islam|Islamic]] commanders named Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas. According to one narration, he was born during the time of [[Prophet Muhammad|the Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him and his progeny)]], and according to Yahya ibn Ma'in, on the day of the death of [[Abu Bakr|the First Caliph]]. In his youth, he participated in the conquest of [[Iraq]] with his father. Ibn Sa'd was the commander of [[Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad|Ibn Ziyad]]'s army in [[Karbala]] who fought against Imam Husayn (peace be upon him) and martyred him.

== Lineage ==
According to Khalifa ibn Khayyat, the lineage of Umar ibn Sa'd is as follows:
'''Father''': Umar ibn Sa'd ibn Malik ibn Uhayb ibn Abd Manaf ibn Zuhra ibn Kilab ibn Murra ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib Abu Hafs al-Qurashi al-Zuhri.
'''Mother''': Mariya bint Qays ibn Ma'dikarib ibn al-Harith ibn al-Simt ibn Imru' al-Qays ibn Amr ibn Mu'awiya, from the Kinda tribe.
His kunya is Abu Hafs, and [[Mukhtar al-Thaqafi|Mukhtar ibn Abi Ubayd]] killed him in 65 or 66 AH in revenge for Imam Husayn (peace be upon him).

== Birth ==
According to one narration, he was born during the time of the Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him and his progeny), and according to another narration, on the day of the death of the First Caliph.

== Confrontation with Imam Husayn (peace be upon him) ==
Umar Sa'd is mostly known for the event of Karbala and the martyrdom of Imam Husayn (peace be upon him). Driven by greed for the governorship of [[Ray, Iran|Ray]] which [[Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad|Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad]] granted him, he decided to fight against Imam Husayn, and no advice or prohibition was effective on him. He was tasked by Ibn Ziyad to compel Husayn ibn Ali and his companions to pledge allegiance to [[Yazid I|Yazid]], but negotiations with Husayn did not yield results, and he refused to pledge allegiance to Yazid. Umar Sa'd's army attacked Husayn and his family on 10 [[Muharram]] 61 AH, killing more than seventy of his companions.

== Betrayal of Muslim ibn Aqil ==
When [[Muslim ibn Aqil]], the representative of Imam Husayn (peace be upon him), went to [[Kufa]] to secure allegiance from the people for the Imam, Ibn Sa'd, like some of the nobles of Kufa, wrote a letter to Yazid and recommended that if he wants Kufa not to slip from his hand, he should dismiss [[Nu'man ibn Bashir]], the then governor of Kufa. After [[Muslim ibn Aqil]] was arrested by order of [[Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad]], in Ubayd Allah's council, away from others, he made a [[will|testament]] to Umar ibn Sa'd, but Ibn Sa'd recounted Muslim's [[will|testament]] to Ubayd Allah and betrayed Muslim.

== Ambition for the Governorship of Ray ==
At the time of the event of Karbala, Umar ibn Sa'd was a young man seeking position. According to what is narrated in hadith books, amidst the expansion of Islamic governance across the world of that time and the expansion of the realm in [[Iran]], he was very eager to govern the central regions of Iran with the center of [[Ray, Iran|Ray]] at that time.

A vast region with a pleasant climate, blessed, and endowed with natural and human resources. According to what [[Sayyid Muhammad Sahafi]] writes in the translation of the noble book ''Al-Lahuf ala Qatla al-Tufuf'' or [[Al-Lahuf|''Al-Lahuf'']] by [[Sayyid ibn Tawus]], Umar Sa'd's ambition to govern Ray was about to be realized.

Coinciding with the arrival of Imam Husayn (peace be upon him) in [[Iraq]], Yazid, the newly seated Caliph, handed him the decree of governorship over Ray along with 4,000 cavalry troops to depart for Ray. He set out on the journey when news of Imam Husayn's (peace be upon him) movement towards Kufa prompted Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad to send Ibn Sa'd to confront the Imam. He initially refused this task, but [[Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad]] threatened him that he must either go to confront Husayn (peace be upon him) or return the decree of governorship of Ray.

== Umar Sa'd's Hesitation ==
Umar ibn Sa'd was among the Islamic scholars and knew that killing the Prophet's son and committing this crime was an unforgivable sin; therefore, he took a night's respite from Yazid to decide. All the wise men of his tribe warned him against confronting the Sayyid al-Shuhada (Master of the Martyrs), but the endless love for power had so conquered his heart that no advice was effective. The next day, Umar ibn Sa'd, contrary to the opinion of friends and acquaintances, took the path to Karbala and, with an army of four thousand, set out to battle the Imam (peace be upon him).

[[Category:Historical figures]]
[[Category:Battle of Karbala]]
[[Category:7th-century deaths]]
[[fa:عمر بن سعد بن‌ ابی‌ وقاص]]

== Sending an Envoy to Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) ==

Umar ibn Sa'd arrived in Karbala on [[Friday]], the 2nd or 3rd of [[Muharram]] 61 AH / 680 CE and sent Qurra bin Qays Hanjali to Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) to ask the Imam why he had come to [[Iraq]]. The Imam replied that the people of Kufa had invited him, and that was why he had come to Iraq; however, if they did not want him, he would return. Ibn Sa'd wrote the Imam's response to Ubaydullah, but Ubaydullah's associates, such as [[Shimr bin Dhil-Jawshan]] and others who favored war with Imam Hussein (peace be upon him), prevented Ubaydullah from showing leniency towards the Imam. Ubaydullah wrote to Ibn Sa'd, who initially wished to resolve the matter through peace, ordering him to either fight Hussein (peace be upon him) or hand over the command of the Kufa army to Shimr bin Dhil-Jawshan. However, in response to this letter, Ibn Sa'd told Shimr that he himself would be the commander of the army and would fight Hussein (peace be upon him). Following Ibn Ziyad's order, he stationed five thousand cavalrymen on the banks of the [[Euphrates]] to prevent the Imam's army from accessing water.

== Meeting with Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) ==

Umar ibn Sa'd, between the 3rd of Muharram and [[Tasua|9th of Muharram]], met with the Imam (peace be upon him) several times and exchanged words with His Holiness (peace be upon him). It is narrated that one day the Imam (peace be upon him) sent someone to the son of Sa'd and requested a nighttime meeting with him.

At night, Abu Abdillah and Ibn Sa'd each arrived at the meeting place accompanied by twenty horsemen. Imam Hussein (peace be upon him), except for [[Abbas ibn Ali|Abbas (peace be upon him)]] and [[Ali ibn Hussein (Ali Akbar)|Ali Akbar (peace be upon him)]], asked the rest of his companions to keep their distance. Ibn Sa'd also kept his son Hafs and his servant, ordering the others to move back.

In this meeting, Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) said to him: "O Umar, woe unto you; are you not afraid of God, to whom we all shall return, that you have come to fight me? Yet you know who I am. Abandon this wrong thought and choose the path that is in the best interest of your [[religion]] and worldly life, and come to me. Deliver yourself from this misguidance and do not be deceived by this treacherous, deceptive world, which has seen many like you and me. Be certain that your salvation and safety lie in what I say."

Ibn Sa'd said: "You speak the truth; but I fear that if I come to you, [Ubaydullah] will destroy my house." The Imam (peace be upon him) said: "I will build a better house for you."

Umar ibn Sa'd said: "I have a cultivated and fertile piece of land; I fear that Ibn Ziyad will take it from me and deprive my children of its benefit."

Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) said: "I will give you better land than that in the Hejaz."

Umar fell silent and said nothing more. Seeing this, the Imam (peace be upon him) returned, saying: "[[God]] may destroy you and not forgive you on the [[Day of Judgement]]; I hope that by God's grace you will not eat the wheat of Iraq."

Umar ibn Sa'd said: "O Hussein (peace be upon him)! If there is no wheat, barley can be eaten." He said this and then returned to his camp.

== Crimes of Umar ibn Sa'd ==
One of the crimes of Umar ibn Sa'd in Karbala was blocking water from Imam Husayn (peace be upon him) and his Ahl al-Bayt. Following the order of Ibn Ziyad, Umar ibn Sa'd summoned Amr ibn al-Hajjaj al-Zubaydi and ordered him to prevent water from reaching the tents of the [[Ahl al-Bayt|Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them)]] along with five hundred soldiers from the Kufa army.

On the day of [[Tasua]], Umar ibn Sa'd prepared his soldiers for war and proclaimed: "O riders of God! Mount; glad tidings of [[Paradise]] be upon you." The Kufans also mounted and prepared for battle.

However, at the request of the Imam (peace be upon him), who had asked them to grant him respite until the night of [[Ashura]] to perform [[worship]], he desisted from fighting on this day and postponed the war to the day of Ashura. On the day of Ashura, he arranged his army for attack and introduced his commanders, ready to begin the war.

It is narrated that before the start of the war, the Imam (peace be upon him), in one of his speeches, addressed Umar ibn Sa'd and said:

"O Umar! Will you kill me and think that the illegitimate son, the son of an illegitimate son, will make you the governor of the lands of Ray and Gorgan? By God, you will never taste the sweetness of that day. This is a certain matter; so do whatever you want, for you will not be happy in this world and the hereafter after me."

But Ibn Sa'd, paying no attention to these words, called his slave and released the first arrow towards Imam Husayn (peace be upon him) and his companions, and loudly addressed his companions and followers saying, "Testify before the Emir that I was the first person to release the arrow of war."

It is narrated that in the afternoon of Ashura, in the last moments of the noble life of the Imam (peace be upon him), [[Zaynab bint Ali|Zaynab Kubra (peace be upon her)]] came out of the tent camp and upon seeing the scene of his martyrdom (peace be upon him), addressed Umar Sa'd saying: "O Umar ibn Sa'd! Is Abu Abdillah being killed and you are watching?"

Umar Sa'd, while tears were flowing on his cheeks and beard, turned his face away from Lady Zaynab (peace be upon her).

After the martyrdom of the Leader of the Martyrs (peace be upon him), Umar ibn Sa'd asked for volunteers from among his followers to trample the holy body of the Imam (peace be upon him) with horses. Then ten of the Kufans expressed readiness and mounted their horses and trampled the body of the Imam (peace be upon him), breaking the chest and back bones of the Holy Presence (peace be upon him).

== After the Event of Karbala ==
After the heart-rending event of Ashura, he remained in Karbala for two days and attended to the burial of the bodies of his own army's dead, then while leaving the holy and pure bodies of the martyrs of Karbala on the scorched soil of Karbala, he moved towards Kufa along with the captives of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them).

Umar ibn Sa'd returned to Kufa; but just as Imam Husayn (peace be upon him) had told him before his martyrdom, the sweet dream of obtaining the governorship of Ray never came true for him.

Ibn Sa'd, whose hands were now short from everywhere, described his state to his friends as follows: "No one returned to his home more loss-making than me; for I have obeyed a sinful and unjust ruler, trampled justice, severed kinship, and committed a great sin."

== After the Death of Yazid ==
With the death of Yazid, the beginning of the uprisings of the [[Shia]] of Iraq marked hard and frightening days for the son of Sa'd. So much so that it is said after the uprising of [[Sulayman ibn Surd al-Khuza'i]], Ibn Sa'd, due to fear of being killed, slept in the Dar al-Imarah at nights.

However, what frightened him more than the uprising of Sulayman was the knowledge of the truth of the [[Uprising of Mukhtar]]; thus, he and a group of other Kufan nobles considered the uprising of Mukhtar far more dangerous than the uprising of the Tawwabun and warned others of its danger.

With the occurrence of the uprising of Mukhtar, Umar fled from Kufa along with [[Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath]] and returned to Kufa simultaneously with the revolt of the Kufans against the government of Mukhtar.

After the defeat of this revolt, Umar ibn Sa'd remained in Kufa; but due to the fear he had of [[Mukhtar]], he resorted to Abdullah ibn Ja'dah ibn Hubayrah, who was among the top-tier Shia of Kufa and a close friend of Mukhtar, and asked him to obtain a safe conduct from Mukhtar for him.

Mukhtar also wrote a safe conduct for the son of Sa'd and stipulated the condition of not going to hadath (according to a hadith that has reached us from Imam Baqir (peace be upon him), Mukhtar's intention from hadath was that as long as Ibn Sa'd does not go to the bathroom and do anything, this safe conduct will be valid.) as the condition for the continuation and permanence of this safe conduct.

[[fa:عمر بن سعد]]

== Death ==

Mukhtar sent one of his commanders named Abu Qulus Shabami to pursue them. He arrested Ibn Sa'd and brought him to Mukhtar. Ibn Sa'd and his son Hafs, who was also present in Mukhtar's court, were killed by Mukhtar's order. After burning their bodies, he sent their heads to [[Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya|Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya]] in [[Medina|Medina]].

However, another narration states that Mukhtar sent Abu Amra in pursuit of Ibn Sa'd. Umar stood up and put on his clothes to go with him to the Dar al-Imara; but he slipped and fell to the ground, so Abu Amra seized the opportunity and severed his head from his body.

He brought the head of Sa'd's son to Mukhtar and placed it before him. Then Mukhtar issued the order for the killing of Hafs, son of Ibn Sa'd. Then he sent these heads with some money to Medina.

== References ==

[https://ivamag.ir/the-complete-biography-of-umar-ibn-sad-and-finally-him/ Retrieved from the website Complete Biography of Umar ibn Sa'd and Finally Him - IVAMag Magazine]

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Historical figures]]

[[fa:عمر بن سعد]]

Draft:Fuad Izdi

2026-10-25T06:37:54Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Fuad Izdi
| image = فؤاد ایزدی.jpg
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| religion =
| denomination =
| notable_works =
| occupation = Founding member of the [[World Union for Approximation of the Institution of University Thinkers]]
| website =
}}

'''Fuad Izdi''' is a founding member of the [[World Union for Approximation of the Institution of University Thinkers]].

== Educational Background ==

* Bachelor of Economics, University of Houston;
* Master of Arts in Mass Communication Studies, University of Houston;
* PhD in Mass Communication, Louisiana State University.

== Career ==

* Member of the Specialized Council of Humanities, University of Tehran Publications, 5 March 2014 (CE) – 4 March 2016 (CE), [[Islamic Republic of Iran|Iran]], [[Tehran]];
* Representative of the Office for Consultation of Professors and Elites, Office of the Supreme Leader's Representative, 3 May 2014 (CE) – 3 May 2017 (CE), Iran, Tehran;
* Representative of the Executive Board for Recruitment, Faculty of World Studies, Department of American Studies, 21 January 2018 (CE) – 21 January 2020 (CE), Iran, Tehran;
* Actual Member of the Board of Thinkers, Jam-e Jam Network, 22 May 2019 (CE) – 21 May 2020 (CE), Iran, Tehran;
* Founding member of the [[World Union for Approximation of the Institution of University Thinkers]];
* Faculty member of the Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran;
* President of the World Assembly of Muslim Professors;
* Acceptance of Responsibility for the Three Branches of Power;
* Member of the Strategic Council of Foreign Policy, 8 March 2014 (CE);
* Member of the High Council Commission of Basij, 20 November 2014 (CE).

[[Category:Iranian academics]]
[[Category:University of Tehran faculty]]
[[Category:Iranian communication scholars]]

[[fa:فؤاد ایزدی]]

== Academic Background ==

=== Works ===

==== Authored Books ====

* ''American Public Diplomacy towards Iran'';
* ''Source Studies on Terrorism and Peace''.

==== Co-authored Books ====

* Fuad Izadi and Abbas Kardan, ''National Endowment for Democracy'';
* Fuad Izadi and Mahsa Mahpishanian, ''Poverty in the United States of America: A Look at Measurement Methods and Causes of Increase'';
* Fuad Izadi and Mahsa Mahpishanian, ''United States Solutions and Strategies for Cyber Security'';
* Fuad Izadi and Mahsa Mahpishanian, ''United States Solutions and Strategies for Cyber War'';
* Fuad Izadi, ''American Public Diplomacy towards Iran''.

==== Translated Books ====

* ''Humanitarian Imperialism'';
* ''Will Capitalism Have a Future?'';
* ''American War Cinema and Media from the Vietnam War to the Present'';
* ''America: A View from Within'';
* ''The Bilderbergers: Elite Power and Fellowship in Global Affairs''.

=== Articles ===

'''Articles Published in International Journals'''

* "Islamophobia in the United States" Islamophobia after 11 September: Causes, Trends, and Solutions;
* Fuad Izadi and Bagher Sarookhani, "Women and Cultural Development after the Islamic Revolution";
* Fuad Izadi and Hakimeh Saqai Beiria, "American Democracy from Theory to Practice: Political Economy of Democracy and Elections in the United States"; Collection of Articles from the Religious Democracy Conference.

'''Articles Published in Domestic Journals'''

* Fuad Izadi and Hakimeh Saqai Beiria, "Discourse Analysis of Editorials in Prominent American Newspapers regarding Iran's Nuclear Program"; ''Media Communication Quarterly (Media Quarterly)'';
* Fuad Izadi, "A Theoretical Look at American Public Diplomacy"; ''Media Communication Quarterly (Media Quarterly)'';
* Fuad Izadi, "A Theoretical Look at American Public Diplomacy"; ''Media Communication Quarterly (Media Quarterly)'';
* Fuad Izadi, "Structural Analysis of America's Soft War against the Islamic Republic of Iran during George W. Bush's Era"; ''World Studies Quarterly'';
* Fuad Izadi, "Intensification of Poverty in America: A Theoretical and Statistical Look at the Poverty Situation in America"; ''Islamic Iranian Progress Pattern Studies Quarterly'';
* Fuad Izadi and Mahsa Mahpishanian, "Intensification of Poverty in America: A Theoretical and Statistical Look at the Poverty Situation in America"; ''American Studies Quarterly'';
* Fuad Izadi and Mohammad Javad Mohammadi, "Production of Soft Power in the Discourse of the Islamic Revolution"; ''Basij Studies Quarterly'';
* Fuad Izadi, "Islam; The Other for the West"; ''Zemaneh Monthly'';
* Fuad Izadi, "Structural and Objective Analysis of American Public Diplomacy against the Islamic Republic of Iran during George W. Bush's Era"; ''World Studies Quarterly'';
* Fuad Izadi and Abbas Kardan, "Soft War, American Democratization, and the Theory of Cultural Imperialism"; ''Culture Strategy'';
* Fuad Izadi and Mahsa Mahpishanian, "Public Diplomacy in the Middle East; Continuity or Difference?"; ''Religion and Communication Biannual'';
* Fuad Izadi, "Public Diplomacy and American Cultural Imperialism in Cyberspace"; ''Psychological Operations'';
* Fuad Izadi, Mohsen Mohammadi, Ruhollah Fallahi Gilan and Mohammad Nabi Aghataghi, "Trends, Functions, and Needs of the Provincial Press Sector"; ''Media Communication Quarterly (Media Quarterly)'';
* Fuad Izadi, "Iran Issues Review Network in America and United States Policies towards the Islamic Republic";
* Fuad Izadi and Mehdi Matin Javid, "United States Public Diplomacy towards Russia's Anti-Americanism"; ''Soft Power Studies'';
* Fuad Izadi, Hossein Mehrabanifar, Ramin Chaboki and Mehdi Matin Javid, "Iranophobia in America: Orientalist Representation of Iran's Nuclear Program in the Iranium Documentary"; ''Islamic Revolution Studies (10th)'';
* Fuad Izadi, "Articles and Books Written from Wall Street"; ''Sadra Islamic Humanities Quarterly'';
* Fuad Izadi, "Examination of Recent Protest Movements in America and England from the Perspective of New Social Movement Theories and Power Elites"; ''Occupy Wall Street Movement'';
* Fuad Izadi and Esfandiar Khodaei, "America's Limitations in Aligning China with Economic Sanctions on Iran"; ''Islamic Revolution Studies'';
* Fuad Izadi and Ebrahim Shamshiri, "Public Diplomacy for Children, Case Study of Walt Disney Animations"; ''Audio-Visual Media'';
* Fuad Izadi and Mohammad Shad, "The Relationship between Knowledge and Power in the Cold War, Examining the Experience of Intellectual Networking by America" ''Strategic Studies Quarterly''.

=== Participation in Conferences ===

==== International Conferences ====

* Fuad Izadi. "US Public Diplomacy: A Theoretical Treatise." Annual Conference of International Studies, Montreal;
* Fuad Izadi. "El papel de la Fundacion Nacional para la Democracia en la politica exterior de los Estados Unidos: America Latina, Asia Occidental y Africa del Norte." Nuestra America Y Estados Unidos Desafios Del Siglo XXI, Quito;
* "Islamophobia in the United States" Islamophobia after 11 September, Tehran;
* "Islamophobia in the United States of America" Islamophobia after 11 September, Tehran;
* "The Role of Public Diplomacy in Transforming the Global Power Geometry"; Conference on the Role of the Islamic World in the Global Power Geometry, Tehran;
* Fuad Izadi, "Human Rights Fault Lines" International Conference on United States, Human Rights, Tehran.

==== Domestic Conferences ====

*Fowad Izadi, ''The Two-way Symmetrical Communications and a Just Peace,'' Global Alliance against Terrorism for a Just Peace, Tehran.
*Fowad Izadi, ''The Occupy Wall Street Movement and Its Future Outlook / The Role of the One Percent in the US Political System,'' The 99 Percent Movement: Dimensions, Contexts, and Consequences, Tehran.
*Fowad Izadi, ''Two-way Symmetrical Dialogue and Global Just Peace: A Critique of Public Diplomacy,'' International Conference of the Global Alliance against Terrorism for a Just Peace, Tehran.
*Fowad Izadi, Hamidreza Gholamzadeh, and Abbas Kardan, ''US Public Diplomacy and the Islamic Awakening (Case Study: National Endowment for Democracy),'' Selected Papers of the Global Summit of University Professors and the Islamic Awakening, Tehran.
*Fowad Izadi, ''Islamophobia in Hollywood,'' Third International Conference on Hollywoodism, Tehran.
*Fowad Izadi and Hakimeh Saqaye Biriya, ''American Democracy from Theory to Practice: The Political Economy of Democracy and Elections in the United States,'' Third Conference on the Theory of Religious Democracy, Tehran.

===== Evaluations Conducted =====

*Farabi International Festival, Tehran, 28 May 2014 (CE).
*Farabi International Festival, Tehran, 28 May 2014 (CE).

===== Thesis Supervision =====

*Transnationalism and the Emergence of Elite Non-State Actors in International Relations: Cases of the Bilderberg Group and the World Economic Forum, Mehdi Mohammadi, University of Tehran, 19 September 2016 (CE).

== See also ==

*[[Global Union for the Rapprochement of University Thinkers]]

== References ==

*[[Taqrib News Agency]].

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Members of Rapprochement Unions]]

[[fa:فؤاد ایزدی]]

Draft:Gholamali Rashid

2026-10-25T06:27:46Z

Translationbot: افزودن لینک‌های بین‌زبانی موقت (تا زمان هماهنگی ویکی‌بیس)

{{Infobox person
| name = Gholamali Rashid
| image = شهید غلامعلی رشید.jpg
| other_names = {{flatlist|Gholamali Rashid Ali-Nour|Sardar Rashid}}
| birth_date = 1953 (CE)
| birth_place = [[Islamic Republic of Iran|Iran]], Dezful
| death_date = 13 June 2025 (CE)
| death_place = Tehran
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Shia Islam|Shia]]
| occupation = {{flatlist|Commander of Khatam al-Anbiya Central Headquarters| Deputy Chief of the Armed Forces General Staff| Deputy of Intelligence and Operations of the Armed Forces General Staff| Deputy of Operations of the IRGC Joint Staff| Head of Operations of the IRGC Central Headquarters| Commander of Fath Headquarters in Operation Beit ol-Moqaddas| Deputy of Southern Operations Headquarters| Head of Intelligence and Operations of Dezful IRGC}}
| website =
}}

'''Gholamali Rashid''', known as "Sardar Rashid", was one of the commanders of the [[Iran-Iraq War|Sacred Defense]] and the Commander of the Khatam al-Anbiya Central Headquarters. His records include serving as Deputy Chief of the Armed Forces General Staff, Deputy of Intelligence and Operations of the Armed Forces General Staff, Deputy of Operations of the IRGC Joint Staff, Head of Operations of the IRGC Central Headquarters, Commander of Fath Headquarters in Operation Beit ol-Moqaddas, Deputy of Southern Operations Headquarters, and Head of Intelligence and Operations of Dezful IRGC. He was [[Martyrdom|martyred]] at dawn on 23 Khordad 1404 SH, corresponding to 13 June 2025 (CE), equal to [[17 Dhul-Hijjah|17 Dhul-Hijjah]] 1446 AH, during the [[2025 Israel attack on Iran|Israel attack on Iran]], alongside his martyred comrades, [[Mohammad Bagheri|Major General Mohammad Bagheri]], [[Hossein Salami|Major General Hossein Salami]], and [[Amirali Hajizadeh|Sardar Amirali Hajizadeh]].

== Biography ==
Gholamali Rashid, known as "Gholamali Rashid Ali-Nour" and "Sardar Rashid", was born in 1953 (CE) in Dezful.

== Education ==
Sardar Rashid held higher education in Political Geography from [[University of Tehran]] and Tarbiat Modares University, and presented his doctoral dissertation on the topic of "The Role of Geopolitical Factors in Formulating Defense Strategy". He also served as an Associate Professor at the National Defense University and a faculty member at Imam Hossein University, playing an effective role in training the new generation of military commanders<ref>[https://www.sharghdaily.com/fa/tiny/news-1020899 Who was Sardar Gholamali Rashid? + Biography and Records, Shargh Network Website]. </ref>.

== Activity in the Victory of the Revolution ==
During his adolescence, he began his political activities against the [[Pahlavi dynasty|Pahlavi regime]] and due to membership in the militant group '''"Mansouron"''', was arrested by [[SAVAK]] in Dezful in 1971 (CE) and transferred to Ahvaz. During one year of detention, he became acquainted with Mohsen Rezaei and Ali Shamkhani, who later became high-ranking commanders of the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|IRGC]]. In 1976 (CE), he was arrested again in the city of [[Isfahan]] and this time transferred to [[Tehran]], where he remained in prison for another year. After release, he continued his activities in the armed group "Mansouron", which was formed from the union of religious militant forces in the cities of Dezful, Ahvaz, and Khorramshahr.

== Presence at the Front ==
Following the victory of the [[Islamic Revolution|Islamic Revolution]] and the formation of the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|IRGC]], Sardar Rashid began activity as the Deputy of Intelligence and Operations of Dezful IRGC. During the [[Iran-Iraq War|Sacred Defense]], he played an active role as one of the senior commanders of the IRGC in most major operations. In 1983 (CE), concurrent with the execution of Operation Khaybar, the Khatam al-Anbiya Central Headquarters was formed as a joint strategic institution between the [[Islamic Republic of Iran Army|Army]] and the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|IRGC]], and Sardar Rashid took on a key role in directing military operations within the framework of this headquarters. The Khatam al-Anbiya Central Headquarters, which later undertook the responsibility of designing, coordinating, and operational supervision of the armed forces (Army and IRGC), was elevated to the highest level of operational command in the defense structure of the [[Islamic Republic of Iran|Iran]]. Two other headquarters with the names of Construction and Air Defense of Khatam al-Anbiya were also established subsequently and initially acted as executive branches. During his military service, he held prominent responsibilities, including Deputy of Operations of the IRGC Joint Staff from 1986 (CE) to 1989 (CE), and Deputy of Intelligence and Operations of the Armed Forces General Staff from 1989 (CE) to 1999 (CE). In 1999 (CE), upon receiving the rank of Major General, he was appointed as Deputy Chief of the Armed Forces General Staff and served in this position for 17 years. Sardar Rashid was appointed to the command of the Khatam al-Anbiya Central Headquarters in 2016 (CE) by the order of [[Ali Khamenei|Supreme Leader of the Revolution]] and remained in this responsibility until the moment of martyrdom. Concurrently, he also held the responsibility of Deputy of Defense Affairs in the Secretariat of the Supreme National Security Council.

== Responsibilities ==
[[File:غلامعلی رشید.jpg|frameless|center|]]

* Commander of Khatam al-Anbiya Central Headquarters from 2016 (CE) until martyrdom;
* Appointed Deputy Chief of the Armed Forces General Staff from 1999 (CE) to 2016 (CE);
* Deputy of Intelligence and Operations of the Armed Forces General Staff from 1989 (CE) to 1999 (CE);
* Deputy of Operations of the IRGC Joint Staff from 1986 (CE) to 1989 (CE);
* Head of Operations of the IRGC Central Headquarters;
* Commander of Fath Headquarters in Operation Beit ol-Moqaddas;
* Deputy of Southern Operations Headquarters;
* Head of Intelligence and Operations of Dezful IRGC<ref>[https://irna.ir/xjTPNg Biography of Sardar Gholamali Rashid; Borderless Commander, IRNA News Agency Website]. </ref>.

== Inclusion in Sanctions List ==
On 4 November 2019 (CE), he was sanctioned by the Treasury Department of the [[United States]] along with 9 others.

== Deputy Chief of the Armed Forces General Staff ==
[[File:سردار غلامعلی رشید.jpg|frameless|left|]]

[[Ali Khamenei|Imam Khamenei]], the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, appointed Sardar Major General Passdar Gholamali Rashid as Deputy Chief of the Armed Forces General Staff in an order. The text of the order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces is as follows:

In the Name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Sardar Major General Passdar Gholamali Rashid. Upon the proposal of the Chief of the Armed Forces General Staff, I appoint you, who possess continuous revolutionary records and practical experience in the scenes of the [[Iran-Iraq War|Sacred Defense]] and military responsibilities, to the position of Deputy Chief of the Armed Forces General Staff. I ask God Almighty for your success<ref>[https://khl.ink/f/11475 Appointment of Several Members of the Armed Forces General Staff, Website of the Office for Preservation and Publication of the Works of Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Khamenei]. </ref>.

[[Ali Khamenei|Sayyid Ali Khamenei]] 15 August 1999 (CE).

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

[[fa:غلامعلی رشید]]

== Martyrdom ==
Finally, General Rashid was martyred at dawn on 13 June 2025 CE (23 Khordad 1404 SH), corresponding to [[17 Dhu al-Hijjah|17 Dhu al-Hijjah]] 1446 AH, during the [[2025 Israel attack on Iran|2025 Israel attack on Iran]], alongside his martyred comrades, [[Mohammad Bagheri|Major General Mohammad Bagheri]], [[Hossein Salami|Major General Hossein Salami]], and [[Amir Ali Hajizadeh|General Amir Ali Hajizadeh]]. On 30 June 2025 CE (9 Tir 1404 SH), corresponding to [[4 Muharram]] 1447 AH, he was funeralized in Dezful and buried in the shrine of Imamzadeh Muhammad ibn Musa al-Kazim (peace be upon him).

== See also ==
* [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]]
* [[2025 Israel attack on Iran]]
* [[Amir Ali Hajizadeh]]
* [[Hossein Salami]]
* [[Mohammad Bagheri]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
* [https://www.sharghdaily.com/fa/tiny/news-1020899 Who was General Gholamali Rashid? + Biography and Background, Shargh Network website], Published: 13 June 2025 CE (23 Khordad 1404 SH), Accessed: 16 June 2025 CE (26 Khordad 1404 SH).

* [https://irna.ir/xjTPNg Biography of General Gholamali Rashid; Borderless Commander, IRNA News Agency website], Published: 13 June 2025 CE (23 Khordad 1404 SH), Accessed: 16 June 2025 CE (26 Khordad 1404 SH).

* [https://khl.ink/f/11475 Appointment of several members of the General Staff of the Armed Forces, Website of the Office for the Preservation and Publication of the Works of Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Khamenei], Published: 15 August 1999 CE (24 Mordad 1378 SH), Accessed: 16 June 2025 CE (26 Khordad 1404 SH).

{{Iran}}
{{Martyrs}}

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Martyrs]]
[[Category:Shia Martyrs]]
[[Category:Crimes of the United States]]
[[Category:Crimes of Israel]]
[[Category:Iran]]

[[fa:غلامعلی رشید]]


[[ar:غلامعلي رشيد]]
[[fa:غلامعلی رشید]]
[[ur:مسودہ:غلامعلی رشید]]

Draft:Omar Aljunied

2026-10-25T05:30:22Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Omar Aljunied
| image =
| birth_date = 1207 AH (1792 CE)
| birth_place = Hadramaut, Yemen
| death_date = 1269 AH (1853 CE)
| death_place = Singapore
| religion = Islam
| sect = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
| teachers = {{plainlist|
* Abdullah bin Abi Bakr Eidid
* Abdulrahman bin Abdullah Bafaraj
* Abdulrahman bin Hamed al-Munfar
* Omar bin Ahmed al-Haddad
}}
| known_for = {{plainlist|
* Propagation of Islam
* Construction of Omar Aljunied Mosque
}}
}}
'''Omar bin Ali Aljunied''' (1207–1269 AH / 1792–1853 CE) was a religious and social leader and a [[Hadramaut|Hadrami]] merchant known for his charitable acts, public services, and good social conduct<ref>Al-Mashhur, Abdulrahman bin Muhammad (1404 AH). Shams al-Zahirah (PDF). Part II. Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Alam al-Ma'rifah. p. 516. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 May 2020.</ref>. He was among those who combined knowledge with wealth, but he was more famous for his wealth. He migrated to Southeast Asia, specifically to Singapore, for the propagation of the [[Islam|Islamic religion]] and trade. There, he amassed extensive wealth, and people from all sects flocked to him, as he held a special position between the government and the people due to his generosity in charitable works and also his Sayyid lineage<ref>"Syed Omar Aljunied". Singapore Infopedia. Archived from the original on 20 October 2019.</ref>. As one of the prominent figures in the history of Singapore, his statue was built and placed in the Tosoh Permanent Museum on Sentosa Island, Singapore.

==Lineage==
Omar bin Ali bin Harun bin Ali bin Aljunied bin Ali bin Abi Bakr Aljunied bin Omar bin Abdullah al-Salih bin Harun bin Hasan bin Ali bin Muhammad Jamal al-Layl bin Hasan al-Mu'allim bin Muhammad Asad Allah bin Hasan al-Turabi bin Ali bin al-Faqih al-Muqaddam Muhammad bin Ali bin Muhammad Sahib Mirbat bin Ali Khali' Qasam bin Alawi bin Muhammad bin Alawi bin Ubaydallah bin Ahmed al-Muhajir bin Isa bin Muhammad al-Naqib bin Ali al-Uraydi bin [[Ja'far al-Sadiq|Ja'far al-Sadiq]] (peace be upon him) bin [[Muhammad al-Baqir|Muhammad al-Baqir]] (peace be upon him) bin Ali [[Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin|Zayn al-Abidin]] (peace be upon him) bin [[Husayn ibn Ali|al-Husayn]] (peace be upon him) bin Imam [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Ali ibn Abi Talib]] (peace be upon him), and Imam Ali was the husband of [[Fatima|Fatima]] (peace be upon her), daughter of [[Muhammad|Muhammad]] (peace be upon him and his progeny).

He is the thirty-third grandson of the Prophet of Islam (peace be upon him and his progeny).

==Birth and Upbringing==
He was born in the year 1207 AH / 1792 CE in Tarim, Hadramaut. His mother was Alawiyya bint Abi Bakr Eidid. He grew up under his parents, and during the period of repeated attacks by armed tribes on various Yemeni lands, the scientific movement in Hadramaut was flourishing. He learned the principles of knowledge and religion from many scholars of Tarim and other Hadrami cities. He was foresighted, thoughtful, and possessed a strong memory, and if he had devoted himself entirely to acquiring knowledge, he would have reached the degree of ijtihad, but his travels prevented this.

==Teachers==
Among his teachers and shaykhs, he received knowledge from them:
* His uncle Abdullah bin Abi Bakr Eidid
* Abdulrahman bin Abdullah Bafaraj
* Abdulrahman bin Hamed al-Munfar
* Omar bin Ahmed al-Haddad
* Alawi bin Ahmed al-Haddad
* Tahir bin Husayn bin Tahir
* Abdullah bin Husayn bin Tahir
* Hasan bin Salih al-Bahr

==Migration to Singapore==
In late 1239 AH / 1824 CE, he left Hadramaut for Singapore.

He remained there until 1250 AH / 1834 CE, and his older brother Ahmed Aljunied asked him to return to Hadramaut, so that together they could succeed their brother Abdullah, who had drowned at sea while on pilgrimage to the House of God (Kaaba) that year. He fulfilled his older brother's request and took all his sons with him to live in Hadramaut. Along with his cousin Ali bin Muhammad Aljunied, who arrived in Hadramaut in 1251 AH / 1835 CE, he was unable to live in Hadramaut due to attacks by invading armed tribes, and their activity in harming prominent figures known for knowledge and wealth. In late 1253 AH / 1837 CE, Abdullah bin Awad Gharamah al-Yafi'i, the governor of the central Tarim region, arrested Ahmed, his brother Omar, and their cousin Ali, and imprisoned them all, releasing them only after receiving a large sum of money. Omar Aljunied immediately returned to Singapore with all his children, and he himself said he did not stay in Hadramaut for more than a week. He asked his brother Ahmed Aljunied to go with him to Singapore, but he insisted on remaining in Tarim.

Omar Aljunied returned to Singapore around 1254 AH / 1838 CE and followed the same path he had taken on his first journey. He settled there and gained fame. He was a great social and religious reformer and undertook spiritual leadership in Singapore.

==Commerce==
He traded in Singapore and was very successful in business. He became the owner of many properties, including numerous buildings and lands in Singapore, which he donated to the government for public facilities and state benefits. He provided expenses for most families and friends of his tribe. He was the first person to introduce the Hadrami people to the cloth known as "Baft" and named that type of cloth after himself; since he was the one who wove this cloth at a time when the Hadrami people only used local fabrics. Gradually, he imported men's cloth from abroad. He also contributed to all charitable and social projects that were religiously and nationally beneficial to the Hadrami people.

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==

[[Category:1792 births]]
[[Category:1853 deaths]]
[[Category:Singaporean businesspeople]]
[[Category:Yemeni emigrants to Singapore]]
[[Category:Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:Hadrami people]]

[[fa:عمر الجنید]]

==Religious Influence==
His trade did not divert him from the work of the Hereafter, and he observed ethics, religion, presence in Muslim congregations, acts of worship, supplications, and litanies. He adhered to the Alawi and Hadrami way of life. Thousands of Singaporeans embraced Islam through him, and he familiarized them with the teachings of Islam, instilling its spirit and etiquette in them. He also spread the religious culture and customs known as Hadramaut in Singapore, including morning and evening supplications, Ramadan programs, and annual religious traditions. These customs were well-received by the people in Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia, and thanks to his spiritual influence in that country, with the help of his cousin Ali bin Muhammad al-Junaid and the renowned Sayyid Abu Bakr bin Muhammad, they continue to this day.

Most of his time was spent acquiring knowledge and studying, teaching and guiding people, resolving disputes, and participating in congregations, supplications, and litanies. It is said that when Sayyid Umar bin Hassan al-Attas traveled to Singapore at that time and saw the Hadrami customs in the country, he said: "If someone swears that Umar al-Junaid and Abu Bakr al-Mashhur have not left Tarim, he has not lied." This is because the situation they were in Singapore was the same as that of Hadramaut. This indicates their interest and importance in the Alawi lifestyle and the lack of influence of other regions' cultures on them, despite having moved to and lived in those places for a long time.

==Government Recognition==
He was popular among all communities in Singapore and by the local government. The privileges that the government granted only to him indicated honor and respect for him:

* The post office was obliged to deliver Ibn Junaid's letters to his house two hours before distributing other people's mail.
* The police would not arrest anyone, regardless of their crime, as long as they were under the protection of Umar al-Junaid's house, until they left.
* After Umar al-Junaid's death, a major street in Singapore was named after him, called "Omar Street".
* The government included a brief translation of Umar bin Junaid's biography in history textbooks, and their teaching in schools continues<ref>Al-Fadalah, Salih Hassan (2013). ''Al-Jawhar al-Afif fi Ma'rifat al-Nasab al-Nabawi al-Sharif''. Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyah. p. 623.</ref>.

==Activities==
One of his lasting legacies in Singapore was the construction of a mosque in Kampong Melaka, in the village of Malacca. Later, the street and the mosque became known by the name Umar al-Junaid, and the mosque was called the Omar Kampong Melaka Mosque. This mosque was renovated after him by his son Abdullah bin Umar al-Junaid. He also built another mosque in Bengal, which is now known as the Banguli Mosque. It is said that he built seven mosques in Singapore, but he did not attribute them to himself. He also endowed a large piece of land for the burial of Muslims in Singapore<ref>Mathews, Mathew (2018). ''The Singapore Ethnic Mosaic, Many Cultures, One People''. Singapore: World Scientific.</ref>.

When the Al Kathiri dynasty was established for the second time in Hadramaut and governance reached Sultan Ghalib bin Muhsin al-Kathiri, it was ordered that the demands of the people of Hadramaut be generally accepted, and the Alawis specifically gathered around him, solidifying the foundations of his government and placing all assistance at his disposal. Umar al-Junaid was the first to support him, helping him with substantial amounts, 300 troops, and several war cannons, each inscribed in Arabic with the name "Junaid," and it is said that these weapons still exist today.

==Children==
He married a woman from Alawiyyah al-Kaf and all his children were born in Singapore. He occasionally sent his sons to Hadramaut to familiarize themselves with their family origins and genealogical tree and to visit relatives and family. They were five: Alawi, Ali, Junaid, Abdullah, and Abu Bakr.

==Death==
He died on 24 Muharram 1269 AH / 1852 CE in Singapore and was buried there, and a large dome was built over his grave.

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
Al-Junaid, Abd al-Qadir bin Abd al-Rahman (1414 AH). [https://ia800909.us.archive.org/29/items/Alogod-Alasjadiyah/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AF%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1%20%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A8%20%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%B6%20%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9.pdf ''Al-Uqud al-Asjadiyah fi Nashr Manaqib Ba'd Afrad al-Usrah al-Junaydiyah''] (PDF). Singapore: Kyodo Printing Company Ltd.

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Historical figures]]
[[Category:Yemen]]

[[fa:عمر الجنید]]

Draft:Gholamali Naimabadi

2026-10-25T05:25:26Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Gholamali Naimabadi
| image = غلامعلی نعیم آبادی.jpg
| other_names = Ayatollah Gholamali Naimabadi
| birth_date = 24 April 1944 (CE)
| birth_place = {{flatlist|[[Iran]]|[[Damghan]]}}
| death_date = 19 July 2025 (CE)
| death_place = {{flatlist|[[Iran]]|[[Tehran]]}}
| education = {{flatlist|[[Grand Ayatollah Seyyed Mohammad Reza Golpayegani]]|[[Grand Ayatollah Morteza Haeri Yazdi]]|Grand Ayatollah Mohaqqeq Damad|Martyr Dr. Mohammad Mofatteh}}
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Shia Islam|Shia]]
| notable_works = {{flatlist|''Darwinism from the Perspective of Science and Religion''|''Prayer: The Most Beautiful Pattern of Worship''|''Distortion in Religious Rituals''|''Ghadir in the Mirror of History''}}
| occupation = {{flatlist|Imam Jameh of Bandar Abbas|Representative of the Supreme Leader in Hormozgan Province|Member of the Assembly of Experts|Imam Jameh of Damghan|Founder of Islamic Azad University, Damghan}}
| website = [https://naeimabady.ir/ Ayatollah Naimabadi Information Portal]
}}

'''Gholamali Naimabadi''' played a role in the religious, scientific, and social arenas of the country for more than five decades. He was a representative of several terms of the [[Assembly of Experts]], Imam Jameh of Bandar Abbas, and the Representative of the Supreme Leader in Hormozgan Province, and was considered one of the known figures of the [[Qom Seminary]] and religious-political activists before and after the [[Islamic Revolution]].

== Biography ==
Gholamali Naimabadi was born on 4 Ordibehesht 1323 SH (24 April 1944 CE), in the village of Naimabad, part of Damghan County in Semnan Province, into a clerical and religious family. His father, Hojjat al-Islam Qodrattollah Naimabadi, was a well-known cleric of the region who played a role in the Sharia and religious affairs of the people. He spent his childhood in Damghan. From early childhood, he went to the maktabkhaneh and learned the basics of reading and writing and religious education. Then he went to [[Tehran]] to continue his studies, and after completing elementary and secondary school, he pursued his interest in religious sciences. In 1336 SH (1957 CE), at the age of 13, he entered the [[Qom Seminary]]. He benefited from the presence of prominent teachers such as Grand Ayatollahs [[Mohammad Reza Golpayegani|Seyyed Mohammad Reza Golpayegani]], [[Morteza Haeri Yazdi|Haeri]], and Martyr Mofatteh, and attained high scientific ranks.

== Pre-revolution Activities ==
From the early 1960s SH, Naimabadi joined the ranks of opponents of the [[Pahlavi dynasty|Pahlavi regime]] and was arrested several times by SAVAK due to his political and religious activities.

== Post-revolution Responsibilities ==
Following the victory of the [[Islamic Revolution]], he was appointed as the first Imam Jameh of Damghan and then selected as the Representative of the Supreme Leader in Hormozgan Province and Imam Jameh of Bandar Abbas. He also served as the representative of the people of Hormozgan in the [[Assembly of Experts]].

== Scientific and Cultural Activities ==
Naimabadi was the founder of Islamic Azad University, Damghan, and the Sisters' Seminary of Bandar Abbas, and wrote dozens of books and articles in various fields of Islamic sciences, including:
{{div col|2}}
* ''Darwinism from the Perspective of Science and Religion''
* ''Prayer: The Most Beautiful Pattern of Worship'' (translated into Arabic and printed in [[Egypt]])
* ''Distortion in Religious Rituals''
* ''Ghadir in the Mirror of History''
* ''Healing with Prayer''
* ''Quran as Narrated by Nahj al-Balagha''
* ''The Bloody Cross''
* ''Gratitude in the Mirror of Revelation''
* ''Zakat in the Mirror of Revelation''
* ''Ashura in Ashura''
* ''Enjoining Good and Forbidding Evil''
* ''Youth and Rationality''
* ''The Miracle of the Quran''
{{div col end}}

== Viewpoints and Positions ==
He had explicit positions on political and social issues and was particularly known for his strong positions against the [[Baha'i Faith|Baha'i community]]. He also supported increasing birth rates and strengthening domestic production.

== Death ==
Ayatollah Gholamali Naimabadi passed away on 28 Tir 1404 SH (19 July 2025 CE) in Tehran and was buried in the Shrine of Lady Fatima Masoumeh (peace be upon her) in Qom<ref>[https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/5523735/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%85-%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%B3-%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA The Damghani Mujahid Rested Near the Holy Shrine of Lady Masoumeh (peace be upon her)].</ref>.

== Reactions ==
Grand Ayatollahs [[Abdollah Javadi Amoli|Javadi Amoli]] and [[Hossein Nouri Hamedani|Nouri Hamedani]] and a group of Hawza personalities, in separate messages, offered condolences on the death of Ayatollah Gholamali Naimabadi, representative of the people of Tehran in the Assembly of Experts<ref>[https://iqna.ir/fa/news/4295451/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B9-%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D9%88-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%BE%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%B4%D8%AA-%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D9%86%D8%B9%DB%8C%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C Condolence Message from Maraji and Hawza Scholars Following the Death of Ayatollah Naimabadi, International Quran News Agency (IQNA) website].</ref>.

== See also ==
* [[Iran]]
* [[Qom Seminary]]
* [[Assembly of Experts]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
* [https://www.iribnews.ir/fa/news/5523735/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%85-%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%B3-%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA The Damghani Mujahid Rested Near the Holy Shrine of Lady Masoumeh (peace be upon her)], Published: 22 July 2025, Retrieved: 26 July 2025.
* [https://iqna.ir/fa/news/4295451/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B9-%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D9%88-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%87-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%BE%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%B4%D8%AA-%D8%A2%DB%8C%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D9%86%D8%B9%DB%8C%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C Condolence Message from Maraji and Hawza Scholars Following the Death of Ayatollah Naimabadi, International Quran News Agency (IQNA) website], Published: 21 July 2025, Retrieved: 21 July 2025.

{{Islamic scholars}}

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Iran]]

[[fa:غلامعلی نعیم‌آبادی]]

Draft:Fateh Rabiei

2026-10-25T04:57:23Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Fateh Rabiei
| image = فاتح ربیعی.jpg
| birth_date = 1963
| birth_place = Sidi Naamane, Medea Province, Algeria
| occupation = Secretary General of the National Council of Algeria, Co-founder of the Algerian Students Association, Secretary General of the Islamic Al-Nahda Party
| notable_works = {{flatlist}}
}}

'''Fateh Rabiei''' is one of the important Islamic political figures of [[Algeria]].

== Birth ==
Fateh Rabiei was born on 29 March 1963 in Sidi Naamane, located in Medea Province.

== Education and Teaching ==
Fateh Rabiei completed his primary and secondary education in Medea and obtained a bachelor's degree in 1985 CE. He then received a secondary education certificate in mathematics from the National Teacher Training Institute and ranked first in 1986. This success in achieving first rank led to Fateh Rabiei teaching as a secondary education professor.

=== University Education ===
In 1991, Fateh Rabiei joined the Faculty of Principles of Religion at the [[University of Algeria]] to receive his bachelor's degree from the Department of Principles of Jurisprudence with a good grade. Then, in 2001, he obtained a master's degree in Islamic Sciences from the Faculty of Islamic Sciences at Batna University, and later in 2011, he received a PhD in Islamic Sciences from the Faculty of Islamic Sciences at the [[University of Algeria]].

== Entry into Politics ==
From 1986 to 1994, Fateh Rabiei was appointed to the National Student Office membership and was one of the founders of the National Algerian Students Association. After the conference in 1994, he became a member of the Council of the [[Islamic Al-Nahda Party (Algeria)|Al-Nahda Movement]] and a member of the National Office<ref>[https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD_%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%8A 2]</ref>.

== Secretary General of the Islamic Al-Nahda Party ==
After the 1998 conference, Fateh Rabiei became the head of the National Advisory Council, then later from 1999 until the 2003 conference, he was appointed as the acting head of the [[Islamic Al-Nahda Party (Algeria)|Al-Nahda Movement]].

He was also the head of the National Committee for Preparation of the Third Conference of the [[Islamic Al-Nahda Party (Algeria)|Al-Nahda Movement]] in 2003.

In 2006, he was elected as the Secretary General of the National Committee Movement, then after the 2007 conference, he was elected as the Secretary General of the [[Islamic Al-Nahda Party (Algeria)|Al-Nahda Movement]]<ref>[https://www.arabstoday.net/603/024702-%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD-%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B0%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA www.arabstoday.net]</ref>.

== Footnotes ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Political figures]]
[[Category:Algeria]]

[[fa:فاتح ربیعی]]

Draft:Fatimah bint Musa ibn Ja'far

2026-10-24T12:39:58Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Fatimah bint Musa ibn Ja'far
| image = فاطمه بنت موسی بن جعفر.jpg
| full_name = Fatimah bint Musa ibn Ja'far
| birth_date = 1 Dhu al-Qi'dah 173 AH (c. 790 CE)
| birth_place = [[Medina]]
| death_date = 10 Rabi' al-Thani 201 AH (c. 816 CE)
| resting_place = {{flatlist|[[Iran]]|[[Qom]]}}
| honorifics = {{flatlist|al-Ma'sumah|Karimah Ahl al-Bayt|al-Tahirah|al-Hamidah|al-Barrah (Beneficent)|al-Rashidah|al-Taqiyyah|al-Naqiyyah|al-Radiyyah|al-Mardiyyah|Sayyidah|Ukht al-Rida}}
| father = [[Musa ibn Ja'far (al-Kazim)|Imam Musa al-Kazim (peace be upon him)]]
| mother = Najmah Khatun
}}

'''Fatimah bint Musa ibn Ja'far''' was a distinguished lady of the household of [[Ahl al-Bayt|Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them)]]. [[Shia Islam|Shia Muslims]] hold Fatimah al-Ma'sumah (peace be upon her) in high esteem and place great importance on [[pilgrimage|visiting]] her shrine in [[Qom]]. In narrations concerning Lady al-Ma'sumah (peace be upon her), her [[intercession]] for Shia Muslims is mentioned, and [[Paradise]] is considered the reward for visiting her. Her father was the seventh Imam of the Shia, [[Musa ibn Ja'far (al-Kazim)|Imam Musa ibn Ja'far (peace be upon him)]], and her mother was Lady Najmah, who was called al-Tahirah due to her purity and spiritual cleanliness.

Lady al-Ma'sumah passed away at the age of 28 on the 12th of [[Rabi' al-Thani|Rabi' al-Thani]], 201 [[Islamic calendar|AH]] in Qom, where today her heavenly shrine and purified tomb shines like the sun in the heart of Qom county, always bestowing grace and illuminating the hearts and souls thirsty for true knowledge.

She was indeed the second Batul and a manifestation of [[Fatimah bint Muhammad (al-Zahra)|Lady Fatimah (peace be upon her)]]. She possessed a special and supreme distinction in spiritual purity, such that the eighth Imam, her brother, called her al-Ma'sumah (the Innocent). He stated: "'''Man zara al-Ma'sumah bi-Qom ka-man zarani''': (Whoever visits al-Ma'sumah in Qom is as if they have visited me).

Her station of knowledge and gnosis is such that in a part of her lesser-known visitation prayer, we read: "'''Al-salamu alayki ya Fatimah bint Musa ibn Ja'far wa hujjatahu wa aminahu''': (Peace be upon you, O Fatimah daughter of Musa ibn Ja'far, and His proof and trustee from Musa ibn Ja'far). And we also read: "'''Al-salamu alayki ayyuha al-Tahirah al-Hamidah al-Barrah al-Rashidah al-Taqiyyah al-Radiyyah al-Mardiyyah''': (Peace be upon you, O pure, praiseworthy, beneficent, guided, pious, contented, and pleasing lady). It is due to this status and her high spiritual ranks that [[Ali ibn Musa (al-Rida)|Imam al-Rida (peace be upon him)]] taught us in a part of his famous visitation prayer to say beside her tomb: "'''Ya Fatimah ishfa'i li fi al-jannah fa-inna laka inda Allah shan'an min al-shan'''.

[[Girl's Day]] in [[Iran]] coincides with the birth of Lady al-Ma'sumah (peace be upon her).

[[Category:Shia Imams]]
[[Category:People from Medina]]
[[Category:People from Qom]]
[[Category:789 births]]
[[Category:816 deaths]]

[[fa:فاطمه بنت موسی بن جعفر]]

== Biography ==

Lady Fatima Masumeh (peace be upon her) was born on the 1st of [[Dhu al-Qi'dah]] in the year 173 AH (789 CE), in the city of [[Medina]]. Her honorable father was Imam Musa ibn Ja'far (peace be upon him), the seventh Imam of the Shia, and her respectful mother was "Najmah", the honorable mother of Imam Reza (peace be upon him). Najmah was among the virtuous women, a model of piety and honor, and one of the rare concealed women in the history of humanity.

There is disagreement regarding the number of children of Imam Musa ibn Ja'far (peace be upon him) and how many of them were named Fatima. [[Shaykh Mufid]] has mentioned their number as thirty-seven; nineteen sons and eighteen daughters, two of whom were named Fatima: Fatimah al-Kubra and Fatimah al-Sughra. Lady Fatima Masumeh, after Imam Reza (peace be upon him), was more virtuous than the other children of Imam Musa ibn Ja'far (peace be upon him) and held a higher status<ref>Biography of Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her), Mukhtar Aslani.</ref>.

During these years, the environment of her growth was a family that confronted her with an ocean of knowledge and gnosis. However, not more than ten springs had passed from her noble life when her honorable father was martyred by the poison of injustice in the prison of [[Harun al-Rashid|Harun]] and an ocean of grief and sorrow poured upon her noble heart. In these days of grief and loneliness, the only source of consolation for her was her brother Imam Reza (peace be upon him), when suddenly [[Al-Ma'mun|Al-Ma'mun]] separated the sacred existence of [[Ali al-Rida|the eighth Imam]] from the family center and forcibly brought him to [[Khorasan]] and compelled him to reside in Khorasan. Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her) endured a one-year separation from her brother<ref>Biography of Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her), Mukhtar Aslani.</ref>.

In the year 201 AH (816 CE), one year after the arrival of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) in Merv, she set out for Merv to visit her brother. However, she fell ill along the way in the city of Saveh<ref>According to some researchers, Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her) was poisoned and martyred in Saveh.</ref>. Then she asked what is the distance between Saveh and Qom? They said: ten farsakhs. She ordered her servant to take her and bring her to Qom, and they lodged in the house of Musa ibn Khazraj ibn Sa'd al-Ash'ari.

According to another narration and as written by Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Hasan Qomi in ''Tarikh Qom'' according to a correct narration, when the news reached Al Sa'd at night, Musa ibn Khazraj, on their behalf, left Qom for Saveh that same night to invite her to Qom. After meeting Lady Masumeh and her acceptance of his invitation, he himself took the reins of her camel and brought her to Qom and to his own home. Lady Masumeh passed away after seventeen days of stay in the house of Musa ibn Khazraj while ill. Her pure body was buried in the garden of "Bablan" (current location) after the performance of [[Prayer|prayer]] by Musa ibn Khazraj.

There are also different narrations regarding the age of Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her). Some have written her age as eighteen and more. According to others, considering that her father, Imam Musa al-Kadhim (peace be upon him), was arrested and imprisoned by order of [[Harun al-Rashid]] in the year 179 AH (795 CE) and remained in prison for four years and was martyred there, and also Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her) passed away in the year 201 AH (816 CE), her age was at least 22 years<ref>Research Deputy of the Center for Hawzas of Sister Seminaries, ''Scholarly Women and Their Works''.</ref>. Some have also mentioned the birth date of Lady Masumeh as 1 Dhu al-Qi'dah of the year 173 AH and her death date as [[10 Rabi' al-Thani|10 Rabi' al-Thani]] of the year 201 AH<ref>''Nur al-Afaq'', Javad Shah-Abd al-Azimi.</ref>.

== Hadith Narration by Lady Masumeh ==

One of her characteristics was that she had knowledge of Islamic sciences and the Household of Muhammad (peace be upon him and his progeny) and was among the narrators of [[Hadith]]. There are several hadiths in which the name of Lady Fatima Masumeh (peace be upon her) is mentioned in their chain of narration. [[Abd al-Husayn Amini|Allamah Amini]] in ''[[Al-Ghadir (book)|Al-Ghadir]]'' refers to some of them, such as:
'''About Fatimah bint Ali ibn Musa al-Rida, she narrated to me''' ... "'''Whoever I am his master, Ali is his master<ref>Allamah Amini, ''Al-Ghadir'', Vol. 1, p. 196.</ref>'''."
The narration of these hadiths indicates her high scientific status.

== Status of Infallibility of Lady Masumeh ==

The status of infallibility, which is the highest spiritual status and purity, has degrees, and in the first stage is of two kinds:
# Infallible from error;
# Infallible from [[Sin]].

* Imam Reza (peace be upon him) said in a narration:
"'''Whoever visits al-Masumeh in Qom is like one who has visited me<ref>''Rayahin al-Shari'ah'', Vol. 5, p. 35.</ref>'''." Whoever visits al-Masumeh in Qom, it is as if he has performed [[Ziyarat|visitation]] of me.
* Regarding the status of infallibility of Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her), there are many [[Hadith|narrations]], but this hadith from Imam Reza (peace be upon him) is perhaps an indication that Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her) held the status of [[Infallibility]], also he gave this title to Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her), otherwise her name is not Masumeh.
* Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her) is like [[Zaynab bint Ali|Lady Zaynab (peace be upon her)]] in one of the degrees of infallibility, although she is not in the degrees of [[Infallibles|the Fourteen Infallibles (peace be upon them)]].

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

[[fa:فاطمه معصومه]]

== Special Ziyaratnameh of Lady Masumeh ==
One of the evidences of the exceptional greatness of Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her) is the Ziyaratnameh that Imam Reza (peace be upon him) expressed in her regard. After [[Fatimah bint Muhammad|Lady Fatimah Zahra (peace be upon her)]], the only pilgrimage text narrated from an infallible Imam for a woman is the Ziyarat of Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her), and none of the ladies of the Household of Infallibility and [[Infallibility]] have a specific Ziyarat from an Imam.

Narrations transmitted from [[Ja'far ibn Muhammad|Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him)]], [[Musa ibn Ja'far|Imam Kazem (peace be upon him)]], and [[Muhammad ibn Ali|Imam Jawad (peace be upon him)]]:
[[Paradise]] is the reward for whoever visits Fatimah, daughter of Imam Kazem (peace be upon him)<ref>''Kamal al-Ziyarat'', 1356 SH (1977 CE), p. 536; Majlisi, ''Bihar al-Anwar'', 1403 AH (1983 CE), vol. 99, pp. 265-268.</ref>.

== Death of Lady Masumeh ==
[[Rabi' al-Thani|10th of Rabi' al-Thani]] is the anniversary of the passing of Lady Fatimah Masumeh (peace be upon her). Lady Masumeh entered Iran one year after the arrival of her brother, Imam Reza (peace be upon him), to Iran, along with a number of brothers and sisters and other relatives, for the purpose of visiting Imam Reza (peace be upon him)<ref>Qomi, Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Hasan; ''Tarikh Qom'', translated by Hasan ibn Ali ibn Hasan Abd al-Malik Qomi, Tehran, Tus, 1361 SH (1982 CE), p. 213.</ref>. Jafar Murtada Amili writes:

“Lady Masumeh headed a caravan of 22 people consisting of [[Alavids]] and brothers of Imam Reza (peace be upon him) to travel to Iran to meet that Imam<ref>Amili, Jafar Murtada; ''Al-Hayat al-Siyasah lil-Imam al-Rida'', [n.p.], Dar al-Tabligh al-Islami, 1398 AH (1978 CE), p. 428.</ref>.”

However, some researchers have written the number of people in this caravan to be about 400 and claim that 23 of them were killed in [[Saveh]]<ref>Mohammadi Eshtehardi, Muhammad, ''Lady Masumeh Fatimah the Second'', Qom, Allameh, 1375 SH (1996 CE), First Edition, p. 118.</ref>. After Lady Masumeh and her companions reached Saveh, government agents clashed with them and martyred many individuals of this caravan. At this time, Lady Masumeh fell ill. She asked her servant: How far is it from here to Qom? The servant replied: 10 farsakhs. Her Ladyship said: Take me from here to Qom. At this time, Musa ibn Khazraj, who was among the elders of Al Saad and among the Shi'a of Qom, attended upon Lady Masumeh and took the reins of her she-camel and brought her to his own house<ref>Qomi, Hasan ibn Muhammad; Previous source, p. 213.</ref>.

=== Cause of Illness ===
Some researchers believe that Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her) was poisoned in [[Saveh]] and then entered Qom in a state of illness. And after a short while, she was martyred<ref>Amili, Jafar Murtada; Previous source, p. 428.</ref>. Mohammadi Eshtehardi writes:
“According to some narrations, the poisoning of Her Ladyship was carried out by a woman in Saveh<ref>Mohammadi Eshtehardi, Previous source, p. 123 citing ''Wasilah al-Ma'sumin'', p. 68.</ref>”.

=== Alternative Views ===
[[File:ورود حضرت معصومه به قم.jpg|frameless|left]]

“When Lady Masumeh saw the torn bodies of her brothers and nephews, who were 23 people, she became severely grief-stricken and fell ill as a result”.

After the arrival of Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her) in Qom on the 23rd of [[Rabi' al-Awwal|month of Rabi' al-Awwal]]<ref>Mohammadi Eshtehardi, Previous source, p. 123 citing ''Wasilah al-Ma'sumin'', p. 68.</ref>, Her Ladyship resided in the house of Musa ibn Khazraj for 17<ref>Qomi, Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Husayn; Previous source, p. 213.</ref> or 19 days.<ref> Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir; ''Bihar al-Anwar'', Tehran, Maktabat al-Islamiyyah, n.d., vol. 60, p. 219.</ref> During this period, she was engaged in worship and supplication with God in a state of illness.

=== Time of Passing ===
The famous opinion is that after Lady Masumeh entered Qom on the 23rd of [[Rabi' al-Awwal]], she did not live for more than 17 days. Therefore, her passing must have taken place on the 10th of Rabi' al-Thani. Ali Akbar Mahdipur writes:
“The day of the passing of Lady Masumeh was the 10th of Rabi' al-Thani, year 201 Hijri<ref>Mahdipur, Ali Akbar; ''Karimah Ahl al-Bayt'', Qom, Haziq, n.d., p. 109.</ref>.”
Some researchers have also mentioned the 12th of Rabi' al-Thani<ref>Mansouri, Mehdi; ''Hayat al-Sitt'', Qom, Sahafi, 1339 SH (1960 CE), p. 8.</ref> as the day of passing. [[Mohammadi Eshtehardi]] writes:

“As some of the elders have said, fairness is that to reconcile between the first and second opinion, to honor the status of that noble lady, ceremonies should be held for three days 10, 11, and 12 of Rabi' al-Thani as mourning for Masumieh<ref>Mohammadi Eshtehardi, Previous source, p. 123 citing ''Wasilah al-Ma'sumin'', pp. 114-115.</ref>.”

After the passing of Lady Masumeh (peace be upon her), the women of Al Saad performed the [[Ritual washing|ghusl]] and [[Shroud|kafan]] for Bibi Fatimah Masumeh<ref> Fayd, Abbas; ''Ganjineh Asar Qom'', Mehr, 1349 SH (1970 CE), vol. 1, p. 390.</ref> Then the pure body of Her Ladyship was taken to the garden of Musa ibn Khazraj (current location of her holy shrine). At that time, among the [[Ash'ari tribe]] (Al Saad), there was a dispute over who was worthy of burying that holy body... Suddenly two veiled riders came forward from the direction of the Qom river and when they approached the pure body, they dismounted from their horses. First, they performed the [[Funeral prayer|prayer]] upon her, then they entered the cellar that had been prepared for her burial, and with each other's help, they buried her. And without speaking to anyone, they left that place. No one understood who they were<ref>Qomi, Hasan ibn Muhammad, Previous source, pp. 213-214 with slight differences.</ref>.

Some researchers have speculated that these two riders were Imam Reza (peace be upon him) and Imam Jawad (peace be upon him)<ref>Group of Authors, ''Collection of Articles'', Qom, Za'er, 1384 SH (2005 CE), p. 118 citing ''Ganjineh Daneshmandan'', vol. 1, pp. 14-15.</ref>.

Considering that the birth of Lady Masumeh was the 1st of [[Dhu al-Qi'dah]] year 173 <ref> Namazi, Sheikh Ali; ''Mustadrak Safinat al-Bihar'', Mashhad, Khorasan Printery, vol. 8, p. 257.</ref> Hijri. And considering the time of her passing, i.e., year 201 Hijri, therefore the blessed age of Her Ladyship at the time of death was 28 years.

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==

[[fa:زیارت‌نامه مخصوص حضرت معصومه]]

== Girl's Day ==

Girl's Day in [[Iran]] coincides with the birth of Hazrat Masoumeh (peace be upon her) and was recorded in the official calendars of the country in the year 1385 SH (2006 CE) by the [[Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution]]. This action is a cultural movement to remind [people] of the personality of Hazrat Masoumeh (peace be upon her) and promote the existential dimensions of this daughter of the [[Ahl al-Bayt]] among [[Muslim]] girls, so that the girls of this land may emulate her personality.

Girl's Day is an occasion to honor the status of girls and familiarize them with the correct way of life by utilizing Iranian and Islamic culture.

Today's girls are the mothers of tomorrow, who will raise the future builders of this country in their laps. Therefore, given the important position of girls in the society and culture of the country, their physical and mental health and their presence in scientific, social, and political arenas are of special importance.

Girl's Day is of great importance as it is an opportunity to pay attention to and respect the status and rights of girls in society. This occasion addresses issues such as education, health, and gender equality for girls and provides a platform to examine and resolve the challenges and obstacles existing in the path of girls' growth and progress.

Girl's Day also helps increase public awareness and emphasizes that society must be determined in its efforts to achieve equality and gender justice. This occasion reminds [us] that girls should have the necessary abilities and opportunities to achieve their dreams and goals, and they can play important roles in the economic, social, and cultural development of society.

== See also ==
* [[Fatima Masumeh Shrine|Shrine of Fatima bint Musa]]
* [[Ali al-Rida]]
* [[Muhammad al-Jawad]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Imamzadehs]]

[[fa:روز دختر]]

Draft:Fatima Akbari

2026-10-24T12:14:31Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Fatima Akbari
| image = فاطمه اکبری.jpg
| native_name =
| other_names =
| birth_year = 1974 CE
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Afghanistan]]
| death_year =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| education =
| students =
| religion =
| denomination =
| notable_works = {{flatlist}}
| occupation = Afghan entrepreneur, women's rights defender, founder of Golistan Sedayat company and the Non-Governmental Council of Women's Affairs
| website =
}}

'''Fatima Akbari''' is an entrepreneur from [[Afghanistan]] and a women's rights defender. She is the founder of the Golistan Sedayat company and the Non-Governmental Council of Women's Affairs. In 2011, she received the 10,000 Women Entrepreneur Award<ref>[http://washingtonscene.thehill.com/party-events-pictures/archive/9143-the-tenth-annual-vital-voices-global-leadership-awards Washington Scene]</ref>.

==Career==
After her husband's death in 1999<ref>[https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/news_71227.htm Women of Afghanistan]</ref>, Fatima Akbari turned to carpentry out of necessity as a means to support her children. She worked in a basement in [[Iran]], where her family had fled after the [[Taliban]] took control of Afghanistan. In 2003, she returned to her homeland and started furniture production by establishing the Golistan Sedayat company in Kabul at a carpentry school<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110824020637/http://sylviarjscott.com/women-entrepreneurs/fatima-akbari-afghan-mother-role-model-social-entrepreneur-and-business-owner/ Afghan Mothers]</ref>. She attempted to create a workforce base to generate income for women whose husbands were killed or disabled during the occupation of Afghanistan<ref>[http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/10000women/article.cfm?articleid=6230 10,000 Women]</ref>. In 2009, she enrolled in the Goldman Sachs 10,000 Women sponsorship program at the American University of Afghanistan. The goal of this program was to train women from developing countries in business and management. In areas under Taliban control, through negotiation with local leaders and reminding them that "It is good for the Taliban to participate in national affairs and see that no problem arises from women leaving the house," she was able to expand her actions and hold literacy classes for women.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/24/opinion/24kristof.html The New York Times]</ref>

In 2004, Fatima Akbari founded the non-governmental organization Afghan Women's Affairs Council to train women in handicrafts and also teach human rights to both genders. It is estimated that since 2011, she has trained 5,610 people in Afghanistan through her NGO and business<ref>[http://bushcenter.com/images/downloads/TheInstitute/IntegratedInitiatives/WomensInitiatives/Speakers-and-Panelists.pdf George Bush]</ref>.

==10,000 Women Entrepreneur Award==
On 12 April 2011, she was honored to receive the 10,000 Women Entrepreneur Award at the Global Leadership Awards ceremony. When presenting the award, Vital Voices (Vital Voices Organization) praised her as follows:

"For her work to empower other Afghan women—through educating and employing them in her carpentry company—and through literacy and skills training provided through her non-governmental organization in areas under Taliban control for this purpose."

==International Activities==
On 30 and 31 March 2011, Akbari was a participating member of a two-day conference held in Dallas by former President of the [[United States]] George W. Bush and President of Afghanistan [[Hamid Karzai]]. This conference was named Building the Future of Afghanistan: Promoting Women's Freedom and Developing Their Economic Opportunities<ref>[http://bushcenter.com/images/downloads/TheInstitute/IntegratedInitiatives/WomensInitiatives/Speakers-and-Panelists.pdf George Bush]</ref>.

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Afghanistan]]
[[fa:فاطمه اکبری]]

Draft:Fatemeh Aalia

2026-10-24T12:08:50Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Fatemeh Aalia
| image = آلیا.jpg
| birth_date = 1956 (CE)
| birth_place = Tehran, Iran
| occupation = Politician
| known_for = Founding member of the [[World Union for the Approximation of Political Activists]]
}}
'''Fatemeh Aalia''' (born 1956 in Tehran) is an Iranian politician. She served as a representative of the people of Tehran in the 7th, 8th, and 9th terms of the Islamic Consultative Assembly and is a founding member of the [[World Union for the Approximation of Political Activists]].

== Education ==
* Diploma in Mathematics
* Bachelor of Arts in English Translation - Allameh Tabataba'i University
* Master of Arts in Political Science - Islamic Azad University Graduate Studies Centre

== Executive Background ==
# Representative of the honourable people of Tehran in the 7th, 8th, and 9th terms of the Islamic Consultative Assembly;
# Membership in the Cultural, National Security and Foreign Policy, and Social Commissions;
# Member of the Board of the National Security and Foreign Policy Commission;
# Member of the Foreign Relations Committee of the National Security and Foreign Policy Commission;
# Founder and Head of the Human Rights Committee of the Parliament National Security and Foreign Policy Commission;
# Head of the Women and Family Committee of the Cultural Commission and Head of the Women's Faction;
# Head of the Investigation and Inspection Team of the Centre for Women's Participation Affairs during the Reformist period;
# Founder and Head of the Faction for Supporting the Rights of the Disabled;
# Head of the Parliamentary Friendship Group of Iran and Australia / Iran and Mali / Iran and Togo / Iran and Senegal, etc.;
# Member of the Board of the Cooperation Faction;
# Supervisory Member in the Organisation of Fashion and Clothing Committee of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance on behalf of the Parliament Cultural Commission;
# Member of the Supreme Supervisory Board of the Islamic Consultative Assembly;
# Representative of the Cultural Commission in the Committee for the Promotion and Expansion of the Culture of Chastity;
# Member of the Investigation and Inspection Team of the Supreme Council of Iranians;
# Member of the Committee to Combat Economic Corruption;
# Member of the Board of the Children's Rights Faction;
# Member of the General Committee of the Human Rights Headquarters of the Judiciary;
# Member of the Board of Trustees of the Strategic Research Centre of the Presidency;
# Head of the Scientific Working Group for Women and Family and Member of the Council of the Strategic Research Centre;
# Member of the Committee for Periodic Review of Countries' Human Rights (UPR);
# Member of the Assembly of Representatives of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU);
# Member of the Veterans Committee of the Social Commission and the Veterans Faction of the Parliament;
# Founding member of the [[World Union for the Approximation of Political Activists]];
# Deputy for Women's Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) in the Office of the Organisation President;
# Researcher at the Research and Planning Deputy of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB);
# Member of the Recruitment Committee (Office of the IRIB President);
# Secretary of the Women and Family Content Planning Committee of IRIB and Manager and Executor of the respective document;
# Instructor at Teacher Training Centres of the Ministry of Education;
# Expert Responsible for Evaluation and Handling of Complaints nationwide in the Headquarters of the Ministry of Education;
# Secretary of Education for District 12 of Tehran.

== Cultural and Social Activities ==
{{div col}}
# Active member of Basij (North-West District, IRIB, Legislative Branch);
# Collaboration with the Islamic Propagation Organisation (lectures, sending missionaries);
# Representative of the Ministry of Education in the National Productivity Committee;
# Representative of IRIB in the Headquarters for Enjoining Good and Forbidding Evil;
# Collaboration with the Foundation for Preservation and Publication of the Values of the Sacred Defence;
# Member of the Board of Trustees of the Country's Health Philanthropists Assembly and the Council of Women's Partnerships of the Assembly;
# Member of the Cultural Committee of the Cultural-Social Council of Women of the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution;
# Member of the Central Council of Jahad Daneshgahi at Allameh Tabataba'i University (student period);
# Basij of Specialists (Member of the Board and Supervisor of the Council of the Basij Employees Assembly);
# Member of the Board of Trustees of the Visual Media Institute;
# Member of the General Culture Council of Tehran Province;
# Member of the Board of Directors of the Chastity and Hijab Foundation;
# Member and Vice-Chairman of the Think-Tank "Management of State and Administrations" in the Cultural Deputy of the IRGC;
# Member of the Think-Tank "Management of Women, Hijab and Family" in the Cultural Deputy of the IRGC;
# Founding member of the World Union for the Approximation of Political Activists in the Assembly for Approximation of Islamic Sects;
# Founding member of the Tehran Centre for Peace and Justice Studies;
# Member and Manager of the Sisters of Martyrs Working Group in the Foundation for Preservation of Values and Effects of the Sacred Defence.
{{div col end}}

== Educational and Research Background ==
{{div col}}
# Teaching at Teacher Training Centres (Research Methods and Roots of the Revolution);
# Teaching at high schools in Tehran and Karaj;
# High School Management;
# Family Education Instructor in various districts of Tehran;
# Member of the Central Council of the Parents and Teachers Association;
# Official and Member of Educational Committees of the Education and Training of Tehran City;
# Member of the Central Core of Selection for Education and Training of Tehran City.
{{div col end}}

== International Activities ==
{{div col}}
# Presentation of papers and lectures at the Global Assembly of Women Representatives of World Parliaments (Italy);
# Lecture at the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women (New York);
# Presentation of papers and lectures at multiple assemblies of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU);
# Presentation of papers and lectures at the Chemical Disarmament Assembly (Victims of Chemical Weapons in the Islamic Republic of Iran);
# Presentation of papers and lectures at the European Headquarters of the United Nations in multiple assemblies on the subject of Human Rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran;
# Head of the Special Caravan for Hajj of Mothers, Honourable Wives of Martyrs and Veterans;
# Member of the Committee for Periodic Review of Countries' Human Rights (UPR);
# Member of the Assembly of Representatives of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU).
{{div col end}}

== Political Activities ==
{{div col}}
# Member of the Student Branch and Sisters Branch of the Islamic Republic Party of Iran;
# Member of the Central Council of the Zainab Society (peace be upon her);
# Member of the Central Council of the Islamic University Association;
# Member of the Central Council of the Society of Islamic Revolution Veterans;
# Founding member and Secretary-General of the Islamic Republic of Iran Women's Party;
# Founding member of the Young Girls' Friendship Association.
{{div col end}}

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Members of Approximation Unions]]
[[fa:فاطمه آلیا]]

Draft:Fadhil Abd al-Husayn al-Marsoumi

2026-10-24T11:57:37Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Fadhil Abd al-Husayn al-Marsoumi
| image = فاضل عبدالحسین المرسومی.jpg
| other_names = {{flatlist | Imam Rabbani | Fadhil al-Hashemi }}
| birth_year =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = {{flatlist | [[Iraq]] | [[Diyala Governorate]] }}
| death_year = 2023
| death_date = 7 December 2023
| death_place = {{flatlist | [[Iraq]] | [[Baghdad]] }}
| teachers =
| students =
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Shia Islam|Shia]]
| works =
| known_for = {{flatlist | Head of al-Da'i Party in [[Baghdad]] | Claimant of Yamaniyya | Claimant of [[Muhammad al-Mahdi|Mahdiyya]] }}
| website =
}}

'''Fadhil Abd al-Husayn al-Marsoumi''' was one of the controversial figures in the [[Shia Islam|Shia]] community, ranking among individuals such as: [[Mahmoud al-Sarkhi]], [[Ahmed Ismail al-Salmi]], and [[Haydar al-Munshidawi]]. His pseudonym was: '''Imam Rabbani''' and the reason for his fame was his claim of a special connection with [[God|God]] and [[Muhammad al-Mahdi|the Twelfth Imam of the Shia]].

== Biography ==
Fadhil al-Marsoumi was born in Diyala Governorate, [[Iraq]], which is predominantly [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]], but he was born into a [[Shia Islam|Shia]] family and both his parents were [[Sayyid|Sayyids]] and from the lineage of [[Ali al-Hadi|Imam Hadi]]. He had a farming family and spent a significant part of his life in the marginal areas of al-Khalis, Diyala. He attended elementary school in the 1960s CE and continued his education until high school; subsequently, he graduated from the College of Arts at the [[University of Baghdad]] and after obtaining a university degree in Arabic language, he began teaching this subject.

== Family ==
Al-Marsoumi considers himself from the lineage of [[Ja'far ibn Ali al-Hadi]], known as: Ja'far the Liar; just as on his promotional website he arranged his lineage as follows:
Imam Sayyid Fadhil Abd al-Husayn ibn Sayyid Muhammad ibn Sayyid Yunus… son of Sayyid Ja'far al-Zaki ibn Ali al-Hadi son of Imam [[Muhammad al-Jawad|Muhammad al-Jawad (peace be upon him)]]. Interestingly, he described Ja'far the Liar as: "Ja'far al-Zaki" meaning pure.

== al-Marsoumi's Rivals ==
There are significant similarities between Fadhil al-Marsoumi and other religious self-claimants in [[Iraq]]. They all showed a tendency to express a religious aspect and wear clerical clothing in a specific period, and then in almost the same period, they all made specific claims about themselves. Among the claimants who almost simultaneously with al-Marsoumi called to themselves and continuously attributed themselves to the kingdom and claimed a special connection with the God of Muslims, and named themselves the messenger and special representative of [[Muhammad al-Mahdi|the Twelfth Imam of the Shia]] among the people of [[Iraq]], is [[Ahmed al-Hassan]], the founder of the [[Yamaniyya sect]]. Among these individuals with similar claims are:
# [[Haydar al-Munshidawi]], founder of the [[Qahtaniyya sect]];
# Ahmed al-Hassan, who founded the Yamaniyya sect with Fadhil al-Marsoumi;
# [[Mahmoud al-Sarkhi]], founder of the [[Sarkhiyya movement]];
# [[Dia Abdulzahra al-Qurawi]], founder of the [[Jund al-Sama sect]].
All these individuals, like beads of a rosary, one after another in a compressed period of several months to several years, raised similar claims with slight variations. The common keyword of all these claimants was: "Struggle with the [[Marja|Shia Marja'iyya]] in [[Iraq]]".

== Shia Marja'iyya ==
Fadhil al-Marsoumi, like other parallel claimants, had a significant angle with the [[Marja|Marja'iyya]]. The criticisms he has towards the Marja'iyya are based on his claim of a special connection with [[God|God]]. He believes that the [[fatwa|fatwas]] of the [[Marja|Marja'iyya]] are inferential and based on texts from one thousand and several hundred years ago; but he claims that he, by virtue of holding the title '''Imam Rabbani''', always provides the real command of God from God.
This approach is the basis of criticism by all claimants of special positions. Al-Marsoumi's counterparts, by claiming their special access to God or the Twelfth Imam of the Shia, consider their opinions as the commands of God and instructions of [[Muhammad al-Mahdi|Imam Mahdi]], and due to the lack of special connection between the Shia Marja'Iyya and Imam Mahdi, they consider their fatwas invalid, and with this trick, they proceed to analyze the [[taqlid|followers]] of the [[Marja|Marjas]] of [[Iraq]] and attract them to their organized sects.

== Party of al-Da'i ==
'''Party of al-Da'i''' is an institution arising from the thoughts and claims of Fadhil al-Marsoumi. Basically, the term: "al-Da'i", is a branch of the thought of '''Imam Rabbani''' of al-Marsoumi. This institution was founded in 2008 CE and does not possess the characteristics and framework to be recognized as an active political or religious party. Ten goals were determined for this party, all of which are general goals without any distinguishing indicators.

Goals such as:
* Support for the economy;
* Prevention of violence;
* Accepting the right to vote of the opposition and similar cases.
Members of Fadhil al-Marsoumi's organization have repeatedly been pursued and arrested by the [[Iraq]] police due to the dissemination of fundamentalist or norm-breaking or radical ideas.

== Death ==
[[File:ترور المرسومی.jpg|frameless|left]]
He was shot and killed on 15 Azar 1402 SH corresponding to 7 December 2023 CE by an unknown group riding motorcycles on the streets of [[Baghdad]].

== See also ==
* [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
* [[Muhammad al-Jawad|Imam Muhammad al-Jawad (peace be upon him)]]
* [[Iraq]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
* [https://syaaq.com/31134/%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b6%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%85%db%8c-%d9%85%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a8-%d8%a8%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c/ Derived from Syaaq website]
* [https://www.irna.ir/news/4915778/%DB%8C%DA%A9-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%87-%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B8%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF Derived from Islamic Republic News Agency website]
* [https://iraqstudy.ir/45760010/ Derived from Iraq Study website]
* [https://www.rudawarabia.net/arabic/middleeast/iraq/071220235 Derived from Rudaw website]
* [https://eitaa.com/emame_zaman Derived from Mahdiyya channel in Eitaa messenger at @emame_zaman]

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Iraq]]

[[fa:فاضل عبدالحسین المرسومی]]

Draft:Fadel Dolan

2026-10-24T11:39:14Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Fadel Dolan al-Ani
| image = فاضل دولان.jpg
| birth_year = 1956 AD
| birth_place = [[Fallujah]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
| known_for = {{flatlist | Cooperation with [[Muslim Brotherhood]] | One of the founders of the Islamic Party of [[Iraq]] |}}
}}
'''Fadel Dolan al-Ani''' is one of the figures and activists associated with the [[Muslim Brotherhood]]. Al-Ani is a city in Al Anbar Governorate. He was born in [[Fallujah]] in 1931 AD<ref>There is a discrepancy between the birth year in the infobox (1956) and the introductory text (1931).</ref> and completed his elementary and secondary education in Fallujah.

== Activities ==
He attended law school and obtained a law degree in [[Baghdad]]. He pursued studies in [[Fiqh]] and religious sciences. Initially, he worked as a lawyer in [[Fallujah]], and subsequently in [[Baghdad]]. He was an individual with a distinguished legal record, working as a judge and advisor in the country's Consultative Council. He also held membership in the [[Iraq]] Red Crescent Society.

=== Missionary Activities ===
While he was at the College of Law in Baghdad, Sheikh ''Mohammed Mahmoud Sawaf'' returned from [[Al-Azhar]] and was appointed as a professor at the College of Sharia, [[Baghdad]]. Arab governments were surprised by a revolution unlike any other revolution; this was the first time Iraqis saw a Sheikh leading demonstrations and sermons, collecting financial aid, and even managing volunteers to go to [[Palestine]]. In his youth, he was interested in the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] and participated in Brotherhood activities upon their invitation. The Fallujah brigade had missionary activities that had a significant impact on society and among the youth.

=== Founding of the Islamic Party ===
He was one of the founders of the Islamic Party of [[Iraq]], which was established on the night of 27 [[Ramadan]] 1380 AH, in mid-Esfand of the year 1960 AD, by the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] in [[Iraq]]. For the selection of the Central Committee (Political Office) of the Islamic Party of Iraq, Mr. ''Numan Abdulrazzaq al-Samarrai'' was chosen for party leadership, Sheikh ''Ibrahim Munir al-Mudarris'' as Vice President, and Mr. Falih Hassan as a member.

== Arrest and Detention ==
He was detained for five months along with members of the Central Committee of the [[Islamic Party of Iraq]] and was interrogated after the publication of the party's bold note in the Al-Mahdawi Court building. A newspaper containing a copy was delivered to Abdul Karim Qasim (then Prime Minister of Iraq). It was like a revolution against power, describing abnormal conditions and expressing criticisms of government policies, the Personal Status Law, and the Inheritance Law, which established equality between women and men in inheritance. It also addressed Islamic Sharia and the massacres that were carried out in Mosul and Kirkuk during his reign, and in it, he asked the country's President to resign from power due to irresponsibility.

== Closure of the Islamic Party ==
Given the abnormal bad conditions prevailing in [[Iraq]] at that time, the party faced harassment and obstruction by officials, who limited its freedom compared to other parties. Consequently, the party was closed after six months.

== Works ==
An Islamic legal scholar with a large group of published research and studies and a collection of valuable printed books, the most important of which are:

*''(Prisoners of War in Islamic Legislation and International Law)'' Printed 1985 AD.
*''(Rulings on the Missing in Sharia, Law, and Judiciary)'' Printed 1987 AD.
*''(Compensation for War Damages)'' Printed 1989 AD.
*''Islamic Sharia and the Place of Public Interest in It.''

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
* See: Entry Fadel Dolan in Ikhwan Wiki; [http://ikhwanwiki.com ikhwanwiki.com].

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Political figures]]
[[Category:Muslim Brotherhood]]
[[Category:Iraq]]

[[fa:فاضل دولان]]

Draft:Fuad Kazim al-Miqdadi

2026-10-24T11:21:04Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Fuad Kazim al-Miqdadi
| image = کاظم مقدادی.jpg
| other_names =
| birth_year =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Iraq]]
| death_year =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| teachers = {{plainlist| | }}
| students =
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Shia Islam|Shia]]
| notable_works = {{plainlist|''Ahl al-Bayt wa Maslahat al-Islam al-Ulya'' |''Ara' Ulama' al-Muslimin wa Fatawahum fi Tahrim Takfir Atba' al-Madhab al-Islamiyah'' }}
| occupation = Secretary-General of the [[Union of Muslim Scholars of Iraq]]<br>Founder and Head of Dar al-Taqrib Iraq<br>Member of the General Assembly of the [[International Assembly for Islamic Unity]]
| website =
}}

'''Fuad Kazim al-Miqdadi''' is a prominent [[Iraq|Iraqi]] thinker and activist, Secretary-General of the [[Union of Muslim Scholars of Iraq]], founder and head of Dar al-Taqrib Iraq, and a member of the General Assembly of the [[International Assembly for Islamic Unity]].

== See also ==
* [[Iraq]]
* [[International Assembly for Islamic Unity]]

== References ==
* [[Taqrib News Agency]]

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Scholars of Islamic Unity]]
[[Category:Members of the General Assembly of the International Assembly for Islamic Unity]]

[[fa:فؤاد کاظم المقدادی]]

Draft:Fuad Shukr

2026-10-24T11:08:29Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Fuad Shukr
| image = سید فؤاد شکر.jpg
| full_name = Sayyid Fuad Ali Shukr
| other_names = {{flatlist|Sayyid Fuad Ali Shukr|Hajj Mohsen|Sayyid Mohsen|Abu Mohsen}}
| birth_date = 1961
| birth_place = Nabi Shayt town, [[Baalbek]] region, Eastern [[Lebanon]]
| death_date = 2024
| death_place = Southern Dahieh, [[Beirut]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
| sect = [[Shia Islam|Shia]]
| known_for = {{flatlist|Founder and commander of [[Hezbollah]] Lebanon|Hezbollah Missile Commander|Advisor to Hezbollah Lebanon Secretary-General [[Hassan Nasrallah|Sayyid Hassan Nasrallah]]}}
}}

'''Sayyid Fuad Ali Shukr''', known by the nom de guerre '''"Sayyid Mohsen"''' or '''"Hajj Mohsen"''', was one of the founders of [[Hezbollah]] Lebanon. This senior commander was [[martyrdom|martyred]] alongside three women, two children, and an [[Iran|Iranian]] advisor, [[Milad Bidi]], in a terrorist attack by [[Israel|Israeli]] drones on a building in Haret Hreik, in the Dahieh of [[Beirut]], on the evening of Tuesday, 30 July 2024. In 1983, he was listed on U.S. sanctions and wanted for the attack on the Marine barracks, in which 241 [[United States|Americans]] were killed and 128 others wounded. His militant activities include the establishment and organization of Hezbollah, managing and organizing Hezbollah military forces to support oppressed Muslims of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] against Serb and Croat attacks, playing a role in the 33-day Lebanon War, training Hezbollah forces and the [[Syria]]n army against Takfiri groups, and commanding the Resistance front of [[Palestine]] and [[Lebanon]] against the aggression of the [[Israel|Israeli regime]]. In the first phase of '''"[[Operation Al-Aqsa Flood]]"''', in response to Fuad Shukr's assassination, Hezbollah Lebanon managed to fire 320 Katyusha rockets and drones at the occupied territories.

==Biography==

Sayyid Fuad Ali Shukr, known as "Hajj Mohsen", was born on 15 April 1961, in Nabi Shayt town in the [[Baalbek]] region of Eastern [[Lebanon]]<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2024/7/31/%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D9%83%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A Know Fuad Shukr, Hezbollah leader whose assassination Israel announced, Al Jazeera Net].</ref>.

==Activities==

He joined Hezbollah in 1985, and in addition to membership in the Central Council and Military Assembly of Hezbollah, he led the battles of the Southern Lebanon and Palestine front<ref>[https://www.alhurra.com/lebanon/2024/07/30/%D9%87%D9%88-%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D9%83%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87 Who is Fuad Shukr who was targeted by the Israeli strike?, Al Hurra].</ref>.

===Establishment and Organization of Hezbollah===

Fuad Shukr was one of the founders of [[Hezbollah]] Lebanon and played a command role in establishing and organizing the first Islamic resistance groups in [[Lebanon]]. He was known as a close friend of [[Imad Mughniyeh]] and part of the circle close to the Sayyid of the Resistance, [[Hassan Nasrallah|Sayyid Hassan Nasrallah]], and was one of his senior advisors in military affairs, and was also a member of the Hezbollah Central Council and the Islamic Resistance Jihad Council of [[Lebanon]].

===Placement on U.S. Sanctions List===

[[United States|America]] placed Fuad Shukr on its blacklist and sanctions in 1983, accusing him of the attack on the Marine barracks, in which 241 Americans were killed and 128 others wounded, and set a $5 million bounty for his capture.

===Presence in Bosnia and Herzegovina===

From 1992 to 1995, he played a key role in managing and organizing [[Hezbollah]] military forces to support [[Muslims]] of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina|oppressed Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and prevent their massacre against Serb and Croat aggression.

===Role in the 33-day Lebanon War===

Sayyid Mohsen was the main commander and responsible for drafting Islamic Resistance [[Lebanon]] military plans in the July War in 2006, known as the 33-day Lebanon War, which buried the myth of the invincibility of the [[Israel|Zionist regime]].

===Injury and Wounding===

Fuad Shukr played a key role in planning and managing operations, especially special operations against Israeli forces in Lebanon, and participated in confronting the Israeli invasion of [[Lebanon]] in the early 1980s, and was wounded in the Khaldeh region conflict in 1982.

===Presence in Syria===

[[File:فؤاد شکر.jpg|frameless|left|]]
Hajj Mohsen, during the [[Syria]]n Civil War, was responsible for training [[Hezbollah]] forces and the [[Syria]]n army against the aggression of [[Takfiri]] groups and [[ISIS]]. He was also active in confronting these Takfiri groups in Eastern [[Lebanon]].

===Israeli Media Admission of Military Capability===

The [[Israel|Israeli]] newspaper Yedioth Ahronoth, in an article describing Fuad Shukr's military capability, wrote: He is the advisor to [[Hassan Nasrallah|Hassan Nasrallah]], Secretary-General of the Islamic Jihad Movement in Lebanon, for designing and directing operations during war and the actual supervisor of [[Hezbollah]]'s confrontation with Israel since [[Operation Al-Aqsa Flood|Operation Al-Aqsa Flood]], which the [[Palestine]] resistance began in the towns around the [[Gaza Strip]] on 7 October 2023, followed by Israeli aggression against the [[Gaza Strip]] which lasted for months.

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==

[[fa:فؤاد شکر]]

==Martyrdom==

Fuad Ali Shukr, with the alias '''"Sayyid Mohsen"''', was wanted by [[Israel]] due to his fundamental role on the [[Palestine]] and [[Lebanon]] fronts in confronting the aggression of the occupying regime. Finally, in a terrorist attack by Israeli drones in the Dahieh suburb of [[Beirut]], targeting a building in Haret Hreik on the evening of Tuesday, 30 July 2024 CE, he was martyred along with three women, two children, and an Iranian advisor, [[Milad Bidi]]. This terrorist act was the second attack by this regime on the capital of [[Lebanon]] after the assassination of [[Saleh al-Arouri|Saleh al-Arouri]], the deputy head of the Hamas political bureau. After this attack, [[Israel]] claimed that it was a response to a missile strike on the football field of the Majdal Shams town, which caused the death of 12 of its residents, and that Fuad Shukr, as the missile commander of [[Hezbollah|Hezbollah]], had a role in it. However, the Islamic Resistance in [[Lebanon]] announced in a statement, while denying any attack on the Majdal Shams area located in the Occupied Golan of [[Syria]]: Hezbollah denies the claim of the occupying regime's media regarding the missile attack on Majdal Shams and emphasizes that the Islamic Resistance in Lebanon had no connection with this attack and denies carrying it out. Additionally, the [[United States|American]] news outlet Axios, citing a US official, emphasized that Hezbollah stated the cause of the incident in the Majdal Shams area in the Occupied Golan of [[Syria]] was an Israeli anti-aircraft missile<ref>[http://www.irdiplomacy.ir/fa/news/2027354/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AB%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%84-%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87 Cause of Majdal Shams Incident According to Hezbollah, Iranian Diplomacy].</ref>.

==Reactions==

=== Statement of the Islamic Jihad Movement ===

The [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad|Palestinian Islamic Jihad Movement]], in a statement, offered condolences and congratulations on the martyrdom of Fuad Ali Shukr (Sayyed Mohsen), senior commander of Hezbollah Lebanon, and a number of civilians in the attack by the [[Zionist regime|Zionist]] regime on the southern suburbs of [[Beirut]] to [[Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah]], Secretary-General of [[Hezbollah|Hezbollah Lebanon]], Hezbollah forces, and the families of the martyrs of this attack, and emphasized that it is confident that [[Lebanon]] and the Lebanese Resistance can prevent the actions of the enemy [[Zionist regime|Zionist]] regime and that this assassination will strengthen the resistance and its steadfastness in all fields. The statement continued: We emphasize that we will stand alongside [[Lebanon]] and its nation in confronting any Zionist aggression<ref>[https://www.qudsonline.ir/news/1003038/%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C-%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%8A Palestinian Islamic Jihad offers condolences and congratulations on the martyrdom of "Fuad Shukr", Quds Online].</ref>.

=== Statement of Hezbollah Lebanon ===

[[Hezbollah|Hezbollah Lebanon]] also announced in a statement the martyrdom of Fuad Shukr (Al-Sayyed Mohsen), one of the senior members of Hezbollah, in the attack by the [[Zionist regime|Zionist]] regime on the southern suburbs of [[Beirut]].
It emphasized that Hezbollah Lebanon will continue its absolute commitment and firm determination to continue jihad until the liberation of occupied lands and holy sites from the clutches of the usurping Zionist regime. According to this statement, the political stance of Hezbollah Lebanon regarding this sinful aggression and great crime will be specified during the funeral procession of this great martyr by [[Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah]], Secretary-General of Hezbollah Lebanon<ref>[https://palinfo.com/news/2024/07/31/903417/ Hezbollah announces martyrdom of military commander Fuad Shukr, Palestinian Information Center].</ref>.
The Secretary-General of Hezbollah also said regarding the assassination of the commander of this movement: The enemy's goal was fundamentally the assassination of the great jihadist commander, "Hajj Mohsen". The targeted building was a residential building full of civilian men and women. This aggression resulted in the martyrdom of seven people. Three women, two children, one martyr from among our [[Iran|Iranian]] brothers, and Fuad Shukr, our dear commander. He continued: This was not a reaction to what happened in Majdal Shams, but rather a claim and diversion of public opinion and part of the war and battle. [[Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah]] also said that what happened in the Southern Suburb of Beirut was an aggression that will be followed by a response<ref>[https://donya-e-eqtesad.com/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-62/4091297-%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B4-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86-%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%87%D9%86%DB%8A Hassan Nasrallah's reaction to the assassination of Haniyeh and Fuad Shukr, Donya-e-Eqtesad].</ref>.

=== Message of the Leader of the National Wisdom Movement of Iraq ===

Also, [[Ammar Hakim|Sayyed Ammar Hakim]], leader of the National Wisdom Movement of [[Iraq]], following the martyrdom of Fuad Shukr as a result of the attack by the [[Zionist regime|Zionist]] regime on the Southern Suburb of [[Beirut]], expressed condolences to the brotherly nation of [[Lebanon]] and the leaders and supporters of the Islamic Resistance in Lebanon, adding that these attacks have proven to the entire world that the occupying Zionist regime seeks to expand the scope of war on all sides to ignite the region and the world and threaten the security and stability of nations without any obstacle or deterrent factor. Hakim requested mercy and abode in [[Paradise]] for this martyr, and patience and forbearance for his honorable family, relatives, and followers of his path<ref>[https://www.javanonline.ir/005DOY Condolence message of the leader of the Wisdom Movement following the martyrdom of Fuad Shukr, Javan Online].</ref>.

=== Message of the Commander-in-Chief of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps ===

Major General Guardian Hossein Salami, Commander-in-Chief of the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]], in a message to Hojjat al-Islam wa al-Muslimin [[Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah]], the Honorable Leader of the Islamic Resistance in Lebanon, offered condolences on the martyrdom of '''"Abu Mohsen Fuad Shukr"'''.

The text of the message is as follows:

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Steadfast Mujahid, Hojjat al-Islam wa al-Muslimin Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah, Honorable Leader of the Islamic Resistance in Lebanon (May his blessings endure)

Peace be upon you;

[[Martyrdom]] is the highest rank of "presence before the Lord" which the divine saints have called "the best of nearnesses" and the lovers have seen as "sweeter than honey", and how ignorant are the enemies lurking in the darknesses who, thinking of revenge, threaten the sincere servants of God Almighty with it! In fact, they are building a bridge for us to reach the Beloved! And how magnificently our martyrs have addressed these wretches and said joyfully: Tear open our chests to see that there is nothing but the desire for union within them.

I sincerely offer condolences and congratulations on the fruitful martyrdom of the brave commander of the Resistance, Martyr of Jerusalem "Abu Mohsen Fuad Shukr" from the progeny of the martyrs of [[Ashura]] and the chain of mujahideen of Husayni Karbala and the dear martyrs accompanying him who attained this great grace in the recent terrorist crime of the Zionist regime in the Suburb of [[Beirut]], to Your Excellency who are the caravan leader of the mujahideen and the proud martyrs of the Resistance, and many in the radius of your love and spirituality sang the divine hymn '''"Among the believers are men who have been true to their covenant with Allah. Among them is he who has fulfilled his vow [to the death], and among them is he who awaits [his chance]"''', and also to the individuals of the resistant and brave nation of [[Lebanon]] and the fighters of the powerful Front of the Islamic Resistance.
Undoubtedly, the dear martyr Hajj Mohsen is the summary of the martyrs of the blessed movement of [[Hezbollah|Hezbollah Lebanon]] and the harbinger of the great victory of the Front of Truth, and the enemies of the Islamic Ummah, especially the criminal, felonious, and terrorist band of the [[Zionist regime|Zionist]] regime and the killers of oppressed women, children, and men of [[Gaza]] and their supporters, should await the holy anger and hard and certain revenge of the faithful, determined, and willing mujahideen of the axes of the Islamic Resistance and their blood vengeance<ref>[http://mehrnews.com/x35zwC Commander-in-Chief of the IRGC offers condolences on the martyrdom of "Fuad Shukr" to Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah, Mehr News Agency].</ref>.
"And victory is not but from Allah, the Exalted, the Wise"

Major General Guardian Hossein Salami

== Operation Arbaeen ==
[[Hezbollah]] announced that the first phase of "[[Operation Arbaeen]]" against [[Israel]] was successfully completed with the firing of 320 Katyusha rockets and drones. Hezbollah Lebanon reported on the first phase of the operation in response to the assassination of Fuad Shukr with the firing of 320 Katyusha rockets and drones at the occupied territories. In this operation, which was carried out on [[Arbaeen]] day, corresponding to 25 August 2024, 320 Katyusha rockets were fired from Lebanese soil towards Western Galilee in the northern occupied Palestine. An Al-Mayadeen correspondent reported that the Resistance, in response to the Israeli regime's aggression against southern Lebanon, targeted the depths of Western Galilee and the occupied Golan Heights of [[Syria]] with missile attacks.
Following these attacks, Hezbollah issued a statement announcing the successful conclusion of the first phase of the operation and warned the Israeli regime: "If civilians are harmed, the punishment will be severe and very hard"<ref>[https://www.asriran.com/fa/news/992417/%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D9%87-%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%82-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%87-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87 Widespread attack by Hezbollah Lebanon on the depths of occupied territories (+Hezbollah statement)].</ref>.

== See also ==
* [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]]
* [[Sayyid Hassan Nasrallah]]
* [[Ismail Haniyeh]]
* [[Operation Arbaeen]]
* [[Hezbollah]]
* [[Al-Aqsa Flood]]
* [[Imad Mughniyeh]]
* [[Milad Beydi]]
* [[Takfiri]]
* [[ISIS]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
* [https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2024/7/31/%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D9%83%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A Get to know Fuad Shukr, the Hezbollah leader announced by Israel as assassinated, Al Jazeera Net], Published: 31 July 2024, Retrieved: 1 August 2024.
* [https://www.alhurra.com/lebanon/2024/07/30/%D9%87%D9%88-%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D9%83%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87 Who is Fuad Shukr targeted by the Israeli strike?, Al Hurra], Published: 31 July 2024, Retrieved: 1 August 2024.
* [https://www.qudsonline.ir/news/1003038/%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C-%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86 Palestinian Islamic Jihad congratulated and offered condolences on the martyrdom of 'Fuad Shukr', Quds Online], Published: 1 August 2024, Retrieved: 1 August 2024.
* [https://palinfo.com/news/2024/07/31/903417/ Hezbollah announces martyrdom of military commander Fuad Shukr, Palestinian Information Center], Published: 31 July 2024, Retrieved: 1 August 2024.
* [https://www.javanonline.ir/005DOY Condolence message of the leader of Hikmat Stream following the martyrdom of Fuad Shukr, Javan Online], Published: 1 August 2024, Retrieved: 1 August 2024.
* [http://www.irdiplomacy.ir/fa/news/2027354/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AB%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%84-%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87 Cause of Majdal Shams incident according to Hezbollah, Iranian Diplomacy], Published: 28 July 2024, Retrieved: 1 August 2024.
* [http://mehrnews.com/x35zwC IRGC Commander-in-Chief offered condolences to Sayyid Hassan Nasrallah on the martyrdom of 'Fuad Shukr', Mehr News Agency], Published: 2 August 2024, Retrieved: 2 August 2024.
* [https://donya-e-eqtesad.com/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-62/4091297-%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B4-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86-%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%87%D9%86%DB%87 Hassan Nasrallah's reaction to the assassination of Haniyeh and Fuad Shukr, Donya-e-Eqtesad], Published: 3 August 2024, Retrieved: 3 August 2024.

{{Palestine}}

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Events of the 15th Solar Hijri Century]]
[[Category:Palestine]]

[[fa:عملیات اربعین]]

Draft:Ali ibn Husayn (Ali al-Asghar)

2026-10-24T10:15:14Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Ali ibn Husayn (Ali al-Asghar)
| image = حضرت علی اصغر.jpg
| other_names = Abdullah Razi
| death_date = 61 AH (680 CE)
| death_place = [[Karbala]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Shia Islam]]
}}

'''Ali ibn Husayn (Ali al-Asghar)''' was the infant son of [[Hussein ibn Ali|Hussein ibn Ali (peace be upon him)]] who was martyred in the [[Karbala]] incident. His name is recorded as Abdullah, Ali, and Abdullah Razi. His mother's name was Rubab, daughter of Imru' al-Qays ibn Adi. Ali al-Asghar is one of the few individuals known among the people as "Bab al-Hawa'ij" (Gate of Needs), and people seek his intercession. During the month of Muharram, one day is dedicated to this martyr of Karbala, and people mourn for him. The Husayni Infants Conference ceremony is also held in honor of him<ref>[http://fa.wikifeqh.ir/%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%BA%D8%B1_(%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85)#_%D8%B3%D9%86 Ali al-Asghar]</ref>.

== Ambiguity Regarding the Children of Sayyid al-Shuhada ==

One of the ambiguities visible in the history of the life of Hazrat Sayyid al-Shuhada (peace be upon him) is the number of his children and the manner of their lives. For example, regarding the infant or infants of Sayyid al-Shuhada (peace be upon him) in Karbala who reached the lofty degree of martyrdom, historians have either not spoken or, if they have spoken, it is very different. An example of this is Hazrat Ali al-Asghar or Abdullah, whether they were two people, or whether Ali al-Asghar is the same infant Abdullah. Here the discussion must be expanded in several axes.

== Name ==

Historical sources have mentioned the name of Imam Husayn's (peace be upon him) child differently. In some sources Abdullah<ref>Ibn Habib Baghdadi, Muhammad, ''Al-Muhabbar'', p. 491</ref>. In some sources Ali al-Asghar<ref>Ibn A'tham Kufi, Ahmad, ''Al-Futuh'', p. 97</ref> is mentioned, and some sources have mentioned two children for Hazrat named "Abdullah" and "Ali al-Asghar"<ref>Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir, ''Dala'il al-Imamah'', p. 181</ref>. Ibn A'tham (d. 314 AH), the first historian to mention the infant child by the name of Ali, referred to him as "Ali fi al-Rada'"<ref>Ibn A'tham Kufi, Ahmad, ''Al-Futuh'', Vol. 5, p. 115</ref> and the first person who considered one of the children of Imam Husayn (peace be upon him) in addition to Ali al-Akbar (peace be upon him), [[Ali ibn Husayn (Zayn al-Abidin)]] (peace be upon him), Abdullah and Ali al-Asghar, was [[Al-Tabari|Tabari]], a [[Shia]] scholar of the fourth century. After him, Ibn Khashshab (d. 567 AH) and [[Ibn Shahrashub|Ibn Shahrashub]] (d. 588 AH) wrote the name of this child as "Ali al-Asghar", and after that, this name found its way into later sources. Some have said that the other name of Ali al-Asghar is Abdullah, and some claim that Abdullah is other than Ali al-Asghar, since Abdullah was martyred in front of the tents, in the lap of his father Husayn (peace be upon him), but Ali al-Asghar, according to a narration, was targeted by an arrow in front of the enemy lines<ref>Mahallati, Dhibihullah, ''Fursan al-Hayja'', Vol. 1, p. 370</ref>. The author of Dhakhirat al-Darayn has also narrated that Abdullah was born on the day of Ashura and was martyred hours after birth<ref>A group of authors, ''Dhakhirat al-Darayn fi ma yata'allaq bi-masa'ib al-Husayn alayhi al-salam'', Vol. 1, p. 259</ref>.

== Age ==

The age of the child is also different in various sources. Some consider him an infant<ref>Abu al-Faraj Isfahani, Ali ibn Husayn, ''Maqatil al-Talibin'', p. 94</ref> and some like Ya'qubi say "Qad walada lahu fi tilka al-sa'ah fa-adhdhana fi udhunihi wa ja'ala yuhanikuhu;<ref>Ya'qubi, Ahmad ibn Abi Ya'qub, ''Tarikh Ya'qubi'', Vol. 2, p. 245</ref> The child was born at that hour, so Hazrat recited the adhan in his ear and gave him honey." Some others, such as Muhammad ibn Sa'd (d. 230 AH) and [[Al-Dhahabi|Al-Dhahabi]], have spoken of a three-year-old boy for Imam Husayn (peace be upon him) whom they martyred with an arrow<ref>Ibn Sa'd, Muhammad ibn Sa'd, ''Tarjamat al-Husayn wa Maqtaluhu'', p. 73</ref><ref>Al-Dhahabi, Shams al-Din, ''A'lam al-Nubala'', Vol. 3, p. 302</ref>. In the maqtil of Abu Mikhnaf, it is mentioned that the infant child of Husayn (peace be upon him) in Karbala was six months old<ref>Abu Mikhnaf, Lut ibn Yahya, ''Maqtal al-Husayn alayhi al-salam'', Vol. 1, p. 129</ref>.

== Mother's Name ==

Regarding the name of the child's mother, most sources agree and say that the mother of Abdullah or Ali al-Asghar was Rubab, daughter of Imru' al-Qays ibn Adi<ref>Mahallati, Dhibihullah, ''Fursan al-Hayja'', Vol. 1, p. 366</ref> and from the Kalb tribe, and this Rubab is the same woman about whom Hazrat Sayyid al-Shuhada (peace be upon him) said: "La'amruka innani la-uhibbu daran takunu biha Sakinah wa al-Rubab uhibbuhuma wa abkhulu jalli mali wa laysa li-'itab indii 'itab;<ref>Ibn Athir, Ali ibn Abi al-Karam, ''Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh'', Vol. 11, p. 209</ref> By your life, I truly love a house in which Sakinah and Rubab (names) are. I love these two and spend my wealth for them, and there is no blame on me for this." But in some sources, the name of another wife named Umm Ishaq for Sayyid al-Shuhada (peace be upon him) who was present in Karbala on the day of Ashura is mentioned, and Abdullah is the name of one of her children. Umm Ishaq is the daughter of Talhah ibn Abdullah Taymiyyah who was initially the wife of [[Hasan ibn Ali|Imam Hasan]] (peace be upon him). Imam Hasan (peace be upon him) at the time of martyrdom said: Brother, I am satisfied with this woman, do not let her leave your houses<ref>Badwani, Abd al-Qadir ibn Malukshah, ''Muntakhab al-Tawarikh'', p. 241</ref>. Hazrat Sayyid al-Shuhada (peace be upon him) married Umm Ishaq, and God granted him Fatimah and Abdullah<ref>Turayhi, Fakhr al-Din ibn Muhammad Ali, ''Al-Muntakhab'', p. 276</ref>.

== Notes ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Children of Husayn ibn Ali]]
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]]
[[Category:680 deaths]]

[[fa:علی بن الحسین (علی اصغر)]]

== Manner of Martyrdom ==
Manner of Martyrdom and the Reaction of Sayyid al-Shuhada (peace be upon him) After the Child's Martyrdom: Regarding the manner of the suckling child's martyrdom, primary sources have also mentioned his martyrdom in the arms or lap of His Holiness. [[Al-Ya'qubi]] writes: At this time, His Holiness was mounted on his horse when a newborn who had been born for him at that very hour was handed to him. He then recited the adhan in his ear and was about to feed him when suddenly an arrow struck the child's throat and severed it. Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) removed the arrow from the child's throat, stained him with his blood, and said: 'By God, you are more honorable before God than the She-Camel of Salih, and Muhammad is more honorable before God than Salih.'<ref>Al-Ya'qubi, Ahmad ibn Abi Ya'qub, ''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi'', Vol. 2, p. 245</ref> [He meant] you are more honorable before God than the She-Camel of Salih, and [[Muhammad|Muhammad ibn Abdullah (peace be upon him and his progeny)]] is also more honorable than Salih (peace be upon him). He then came and placed him beside his children and nephews.

[[Abu Mikhnaf]] says: While Hussein (peace be upon him) was seated, his young son was brought to him. It was Abdullah ibn Hussein; His Holiness seated him on his lap. While he was on his lap, a man from Banu Asad named Harmala ibn Kahil or Hani ibn Thabit al-Hadrami threw an arrow at him and severed his throat.<ref>Al-Khwarizmi, Muwaffaq ibn Ahmad, ''Maqtal al-Husayn'', Vol. 2, p. 37</ref> Hussein (peace be upon him) caught his blood, and when his palm was full, he poured the blood on the ground and said: 'O Lord, if You have withheld Your heavenly help from us, make it a precursor to good and take our revenge from this oppressive group.'<ref>Al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir, ''Tarikh al-Tabari'', Vol. 5, p. 448</ref> However, [[Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani]] says: His Holiness sprinkled the blood towards the sky, and not a drop of it fell on the ground.<ref>Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, Ali ibn Hussein, ''Maqatil al-Talibiyyin'', p. 95</ref>

[[Sayyid ibn Tawus]] says: [[Zaynab bint Ali|Zaynab]], the sister of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him), brought out the child and said, 'My brother, this is your child who has not drunk water for three days, so ask for a sip of water for him.' The Imam (peace be upon him) took him in his hands and said: 'O people! You have killed my followers and my family, and only this suckling child remains who is gasping due to thirst! So give him a sip of water.' His Holiness was speaking to them when a man from the army of disbelief threw an arrow and slaughtered the child.<ref>Ibn Tawus, Ali ibn Musa, ''Al-Malhuf'', p. 168</ref> In another narration, Sayyid ibn Tawus says: His Holiness came in front of the tent and said to Zaynab: 'Nawolini waladi al-saghir hatta awada'ahu; Bring me my young child so that I may bid him farewell.' He then took the child in his hands and was about to kiss him when Harmala ibn Kahil al-Asadi threw an arrow that struck the child's throat.' Lady Zaynab (peace be upon her) said: 'Catch him!' She then held her two hands under his throat until they were filled with blood, and she sprinkled it towards the sky and said: 'Hawna 'ala ma nazala bi annahu bi'ayn Allah; All these calamities are easy for me since God sees.'

== Imam's Conduct After the Child's Martyrdom ==
Imam Hussein (peace be upon him), after Ali Asghar was targeted, placed his hand under the child's throat, and when it filled with blood, he threw it towards the sky (Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) said: Not a drop of this blood fell to the ground<ref>Abu Mikhnaf, Lut ibn Yahya, Maqtal al-Husayn, Vol. 1, p. 173</ref>. Then he said: What befalls me is easy for me because it is in the way of God and He sees<ref>Ibn Tawus, Ali ibn Musa, Al-Malhuf, Vol. 1, p. 169</ref>. Some have written that he said: O God -the martyrdom- of this -child- is not less in Your sight than -the killing of- the she-camel of Prophet Salih (peace be upon him)<ref>Mahallati, Dhibihullah, Fursan al-Hayija, Vol. 1, p. 272</ref>. O God, if You have withheld Your victory and help from us today, place it in something better for us<ref>Khwarazmi, Muwaffaq ibn Ahmad, Maqtal al-Husayn, Vol. 2, p. 37</ref>. At this moment, a voice came from the sky: O Hussein! Leave your suckling child, for indeed a wet-nurse is prepared for him in Paradise now<ref>Sibt Ibn Jawzi, Yusuf ibn Qazawghli, Tadhkirat al-Khawass, Vol. 1, p. 227</ref>. Sibth Ibn Jawzi says: After the martyrdom of the child, Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) began to weep and said: O God, judge between us and the people who invited us to help them, then killed us. Then a voice came from the sky: O Hussein (peace be upon him), leave him, for indeed there is a wet-nurse for him in Paradise<ref>Sibt Ibn Jawzi, Yusuf ibn Qazawghli, Tadhkirat al-Khawass, p. 227</ref>. In some sources, it is mentioned that after the martyrdom of the suckling child of Sayyid al-Shuhada (peace be upon him), he stood and recited verses such as:

These people became disbelievers and long ago turned away from (belief in) the reward of God, Lord of jinn and men. In the past, they killed Ali and his son Hasan of good character, who had a noble lineage from father and mother.
Due to the hatred they held in their hearts for the family of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny): Now gather together to kill Hussein entirely.
Woe to the base people who gathered the multitude to (kill the inhabitants of) the Two Sanctuaries ([[Mecca]] and [[Medina]])<ref>Tabarsi, Ahmad ibn Ali, Al-Ihtijaj, Vol. 2, p. 25</ref><ref>Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir, Bihar al-Anwar, Vol. 45, pp. 47–48</ref>.

Some historians have written that Hussein returned the swaddling clothes soaked in the child's blood to the tent and entrusted them to Lady Zaynab (peace be upon her)<ref>Abu Mikhnaf, Lut ibn Yahya, Maqtal al-Husayn, Vol. 1, p. 173</ref>. Khwarazmi says: And the Imam dug a small grave for that child with the scabbard of his sword. Then he prayed over his bloodied body and buried him<ref>[http://lib.eshia.ir/10509/2/37/%D8%AD%D9%81%D8%B1 Library of the Faqahat School]</ref>. Some have also written that they brought his body and placed it beside the bodies of other martyrs<ref>Tabarsi, Fadl ibn Hasan, A'lam al-Wara, Vol. 1, p. 466</ref>.

== The Child's Killer ==
Regarding the name of the killer of Imam Hussein's child (peace be upon him), historians' opinions differ. Just as some consider the killer to be Hani ibn Thabit al-Hadrami<ref>Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir, Tarikh al-Tabari, Vol. 5, p. 468</ref>. Some historians consider Uqbah ibn Bashr the killer of the child<ref>Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, Ali ibn Husayn, Maqatil al-Talibin, p. 95</ref> and some Harmalah ibn Kahil al-Asadi, and a number of others have remained silent regarding the child's killer.

== Examination and Conclusion ==
Since in primary sources up to the 4th and 5th centuries (AH) there are many differences in the narration of events, and the name, age, mother's name, killer, method of martyrdom, and the reaction of Sayyid al-Shuhada (peace be upon him) after the child's martyrdom differ, and on the other hand, in some sources such as Dala'il al-Imamah, Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (d. 4th century) mentioned the number of Sayyid al-Shuhada's sons in Karbala as four and considered Ali Asghar, who is a child, separate from Abdullah al-Rafi, and also the difference in the child's name in the visitations (Ziyarat), including in Ziyarat Nahiyah Muqaddasah it is stated: "Peace be upon the small suckling" and in the book Iqbal al-A'mal<ref>Ibn Tawus, Ali ibn Musa, Al-Iqbal bi-l-A'mal al-Hasanah, Vol. 3, p. 71</ref> in mentioning the visitation of the [[Day of Ashura]] it is stated: ".... Peace be upon you and upon them all and upon the martyrs who were martyred with you and before you, peace be upon you and upon them all and upon your son Ali al-Asghar whom you were bereaved by"
"... Peace be upon you and upon all (martyrs) and upon your son Ali al-Asghar for whom you were grieved (by his martyrdom)", perhaps it can be said with predominant conjecture that Ali Asghar is other than Abdullah the suckling, and these two children of Sayyid al-Shuhada (peace be upon him) both attained the high degree of martyrdom in Karbala.

== Critique of Certain Claims ==
That some have said the child of Sayyid al-Shuhada was 6 months old or was martyred with a three-pronged arrow is unacceptable; since in ancient sources such expressions are not found at all and only regarding the child being 6 months old, it is found in the distorted book attributed to Abu Mikhnaf (the book Maqtal Abu Mikhnaf which is common and in reality does not correspond to the original is among the books attributed to the 7th century and it is probable that this work is by Ibn Tawus<ref>Goldberg, Ethan, Library of Ibn Tawus, pp. 78–80</ref>. But the original Maqtal of Abu Mikhnaf, with the research and investigation of Professor Yusufi Gharawi and extracted from Tarikh Tabari named Waqi'at al-Taff, has been printed, in which the child's age is not mentioned) it is stated with this phrase and gradually found its way into contemporary sources. And regarding the feature of the arrow, only Daynuri described it with a specific expression (long non-wide arrow). But the pronged arrow which is now common in pulpits and mourning gatherings is based on some unreliable contemporary maqtals<ref>Birjandi Khurasani, Muhammad Baqir, Kibrīt al-Ahmar fi Shara'it al-Minbar, p. 126</ref>.

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== Pilgrimage Text ==

In the pilgrimage text of Imam Hussein regarding Ali Asghar (peace be upon him), it is read: «صَلّی الله عَلَیک وَ عَلیهِمْ وَ عَلی وَلَدِک عَلی الاصْغَرِ الّذی‌ فُجِعْتِ بِهِ; <ref>Ibn Tawus, Ali ibn Musa, ''Iqbal al-A'mal al-Hasanah'', Vol. 3, p. 71</ref> Peace of God be upon you and upon them (the martyrs) and upon your child Ali Asghar, for whom you were bereaved».

== Gate of Needs ==

Ali Asghar is also called the Gate of Needs, because although he was an infant, his status before God is high<ref>Group of authors, ''Farhang-e Ashura'', Vol. 1, p. 99</ref>.

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Descendants of the Imams]]
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]]

[[fa:علی اصغر بن حسین]]

Draft:Ghulam Mohammad Niazi

2026-10-24T09:35:35Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Ghulam Mohammad Niazi
| image = غلام محمد نیازی.jpg
| birth_date = 1932 (CE)
| death_date = 1978 (CE)
| death_place = [[Afghanistan]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
}}

'''Ghulam Mohammad Niazi''' was a prominent scholar, thinker, and political educator from [[Afghanistan]] in the 14th century AH. While pursuing further studies in [[Cairo]], he became acquainted with the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] movement. Niazi is recognized as the father of political Islam in Afghanistan. He advocated training forces to overthrow a corrupt system and establish an Islamic state.

== Overview ==

He was born in Shalgar, [[Ghazni Province]]. He completed his primary education in Shalgar, Ghazni Province, and traveled to [[Kabul]] for higher education. He studied at the [[Abu Hanifa]] School. Subsequently, he was sent as part of a group of distinguished students to continue his studies at [[Al-Azhar University]] in [[Cairo]]. He studied at the Faculty of Usul al-Din (Principles of Religion). During this period in Cairo, he became acquainted with the "Muslim Brotherhood" organization. At that time, this movement was at the peak of its power and flourishing, and through contact with this revolutionary movement, he learned valuable and beneficial lessons. After completing his studies, he returned to his homeland. He dedicated himself to educating the younger generation by teaching Islamic sciences at [[Kabul University]].

[[Category:Afghan scholars]]
[[Category:Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:Political Islam]]
[[fa:غلام محمد نیازی]]

== Activities ==

'''Niazi''' believed that social and political revolutions, if not based on intellectual and ideological transformation, would not be stable, and for this reason, he chose teaching. When he began teaching at the Faculty of Theology of [[Kabul University]], rigidity and formalism constituted the prevailing atmosphere of the lessons.

He undertook the teaching of [[Hadith]] and the history of [[Islam]] to create a fundamental transformation. He knew that leading the Islamic society without awareness of the depth of the [[Hadith]]s of [[Muhammad|Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his progeny)]] would be meaningless and baseless, and ignorance of history and unfamiliarity with the sufferings and pains of the Islamic world and the factors of failure versus the victory of [[Muslims]], ignorance and the deceit of enemies would ultimately be the factor of their humiliation and destruction.

=== Educational and Cultural Activities ===

He paid special attention to teaching the history of Islam and explaining the conditions and circumstances of Islamic nations and countries, and recommended that one must be aware of the factors of the decline of Muslims, study and examine the future of Islam amidst the greatness and honors, sufferings and pains, prosperities and ruins of the past, and seek a remedy. In this regard, he discussed more about the ruling regimes, political movements, and social conditions of Middle Eastern and Islamic countries and mentioned the Islamic movement of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]], praising their sincerity, discipline, and educational method highly.

When he was elected as the Dean of the Faculty, he showed extraordinary administrative competence. He worked day and night to make the flame of the Islamic Revolution more blazing using his administrative position. He drew extensive plans to advance the ideals of the Muslim nation of [[Afghanistan]]. Since during his presidency, the Faculty of Sharia became a scientific center and the axis of religious and social movements and activities, all the agents of the tyrannical government of Afghanistan were terrified.

=== Journey to the Soviet Union ===

'''Niazi''' traveled to these two countries to familiarize himself with the internal situation of the [[United States]] and [[Soviet Union]], and as a result of these trips, he brought back educational gifts. He went to the Soviet Union to study up close the tragedy and factors of the fall of Muslim governments in the clutches of [[Communism]] and to witness with his own eyes the ruthless crimes of the Kremlin palace rulers against Muslim nations in [[Central Asia]]. Niazi tried to spread his ideas in other countries to launch Islamic movements. In 1970, he and another professor participated in the Peace Conference of Muslims of the Soviet Union held in [[Tashkent]]. At this conference, they expressed their support for Muslims who were under the suppression of the [[Communism|Communist]] government.

After finishing his trip, Niazi concluded that the Communist regime of the Soviet Union was heading towards failure and destruction in all dimensions. The story of the imaginary paradise of [[Communism]] is a futile legend that is no longer worth hearing among sensible and wise humans, because the leaders of the struggle against class regimes have themselves become the heralds and operators of the most terrible class regimes.

=== Political Activities ===

Professor Niazi believed that to create Islamic mobilization in the country, a group of faithful mujahideen must first be trained based on sublime human teachings, and this work should be started through education. He believed that the root of the movement must be deepened among various strata, and this goal should be achieved through various programs such as establishing the ''Sharia Magazine'' which strengthened the Islamic movement and supported the formation of an Islamic state in Afghanistan. While his ideology was inherently intellectual, he also approved the formation of an armed branch within the movement to prepare for action if necessary, publishing Islamic books through the Faculty of Sharia and distributing them among the people, managing educational councils and religious conferences, designing and planning the largest Islamic center called the "Islamic Research Center" which was done to introduce Islam at the global level.

=== Formation of the Islamic Movement ===

'''Niazi''' was a complete ideologue and an organizer of the Islamic Revolution as well. He gathered around himself some of his students who had sincerity and talent for flourishing and shared his ideal clearly with them. In 1957 (CE), with the cooperation of several young mujahideen and a group of pain-stricken and faithful children of the Islamic Revolution, he founded the first core of the Islamic Revolution fighters and engaged in secret and open activities. At first, to root the revolution, he recommended underground activities, and as soon as he found the opportunity suitable, he began open invitation and the publication ''Jihad'' was the first open message that was distributed among the people.

Certainly, constructive efforts towards establishing an Islamic movement were underway in the country before the emergence of this Islamic movement under the name "[[Islamic Society of Afghanistan]]", but despite extensive individual and collective activities, no strong organization or structure had been formed. Among the pioneers who later actively participated in the Islamic Society, one can name individuals such as Sayyid Ahmad Tarjuman and Professor Mohammad Fazel, and from the youth segment, Abdul Aziz Forough. Among those who participated in establishing the initial cores at the initiative of Niyazi, the following persons can be named: Professor Tawana, Professor Wafiullah Sami'i, Abdul Ahad Ashrati, [[Burhanuddin Rabbani|Burhanuddin Rabbani]], Sayyid Ahmad Tarjuman, Professor Fazel, Abdul Hadi Hidayat, and Abdul Aziz Forough, who was the most diligent member among all. Later, a group of other youths such as Abdul Rasul Sayyaf, Ghulam Rabbani Atish, Martyr Abdul Rahim Niyazi, Mohammad Ishaq Bozorg, [[Gulbuddin Hekmatyar]], and Din Mohammad Gran joined this organization one after another, and the initial gatherings were held in the homes of some of the brothers and sometimes in the grounds of the "Darul Aman" garden and the mountainsides, away from public view.

=== Activities in Prison ===

In 1353 SH (1974 CE), during a widespread raid carried out in the darkness of night, he was captured and imprisoned along with a large group of like-minded individuals, and the court of the mercenary coup plotters sentenced him to death; however, fearing a severe reaction from the Muslim nation of Afghanistan, they apparently sentenced him to life imprisonment with a degree of leniency.
Despite the torture and constant harassment that had weakened him, Niyazi did not cease his efforts and activities, and turned the prison into a place for invitation and teaching, acquainting the prisoners with the sublime culture of Islam and calling them to patience and steadfastness in the face of hardships.<br>
His popularity among the prisoners alarmed the mercenary coup plotters. Alongside teaching in the prison, he undertook the translation of Islamic hadiths and completed the translation of the first part of the book [[Sahih al-Bukhari]] in prison.

== Martyrdom ==

On 7 Ordibehesht 1357 SH (27 April 1978 CE), a coup was carried out by communist parties in [[Afghanistan]], and Daoud Khan and his clique were killed by the order of the Russians. Nur Muhammad Taraki came to power, and an atmosphere of torture and killing of Muslim forces cast a shadow everywhere, and Niyazi was subjected to torture more than anyone else. Professor Niyazi was taken to an unknown point with a group of his loyal companions, and from that date onwards, no news was received from them. Thus, he attained martyrdom along with his struggling companions<ref>Sayyid Hadi Khosrowshahi, ''Islamic Movements of Afghanistan'', pp. 129–138.</ref>.

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
* ''Encyclopedias of the Islamic Revolution and the History of Iran''.

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Muslim Brotherhood]]
[[Category:Afghanistan]]

[[fa:عبدالرحیم نیازی]]

Draft:Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i

2026-10-24T09:29:16Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i
| image = غلامحسین محسنی اژه‌ای.jpg
| other_names = Mohseni-Ejieh
| birth_date = 1956 CE
| birth_place = Ejiyeh, Jelgeh District, [[Isfahan]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Shia Islam|Shia]]
| occupation = {{flatlist|Head of the Judiciary|Minister of Intelligence}}
}}
'''Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i''' is the Head of the Judiciary of the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]], appointed by [[Ali Khamenei|Supreme Leader Khamenei]] since July 2021 CE. His executive background includes serving as the Head of the Tehran Economic Affairs Prosecutor's Office, Head of the Special Judicial Complex for Crimes by Government Employees, Special Prosecutor for the Clergy, Attorney General of the Country, First Deputy of the Judiciary, Spokesman of the Judiciary, and Minister of Intelligence. He is also a member of the [[Expediency Discernment Council]]. Among his judicial records are the handling of heavy and complex economic and political cases such as: the Mehdi Hashemi case, the Fazel Khodadad case, and the Karbaschi case (former Mayor of Tehran).

==Biography==
Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i was born in 1956 CE in the village of Ejiyeh, located in the Jelgeh district of [[Isfahan]], which became a city after the victory of the [[Islamic Revolution]]. He was born into a large family (with 7 children, 4 daughters and 3 sons) and grew up in an environment filled with love and devotion to [[the Imams]] and full commitment to religious rituals. His father, known as Sheikh Ismail, was a farmer, a studious individual familiar with [[Islamic studies]], Islamic books and publications, and in constant contact with trusted clerics of the people. He was among the activists of religious gatherings and [[Ahl al-Bayt|Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them)]] and also a speaker at religious gatherings. He was a follower of [[Ruhollah Khomeini|Imam Khomeini]] before the Islamic Revolution and participated multiple times in the fronts of defense of the Islamic homeland during the eight years of the [[Iran–Iraq War|Sacred Defense]].

==Education==
During his adolescence, at the age of 16, encouraged by his father and specifically recommended by Hojjat al-Islam wal-Muslimin Sayyid Hassan Beheshtinejad, the temporary Friday Prayer Imam of [[Isfahan]], Eje'i turned to religious studies and began studying at the Isfahan Seminary. After some time, he went to [[Qom]] to continue his seminary education and studied at the Haqqani School, which was one of the important bases of the struggle against the [[Pahlavi dynasty|Pahlavi regime]] and was of interest to [[Mohammad Beheshti|Ayatollah Beheshti]]. In this path, he became acquainted with prominent figures of the Revolution, including the architect of the judicial system of the [[Islamic Revolution]], Martyr Qudusi. He also holds a Master's degree in International Law.

==Activism==
He was present in the center of clerical struggles against the oppressive regime during his seminary student years. During the attack by the oppressive regime on the [[Feyziyeh School]] in 1975 CE, he was a young and revolutionary seminary student present at this school and witnessed the terrifying and criminal scenes of the regime, and was arrested once in the same year.

==Judiciary Career==
After the victory of the [[Islamic Revolution]], Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i came to [[Tehran]] at the end of 1979 CE, at the recommendation and invitation of Martyr Qudusi, and began working at the Islamic Revolution Court. Among his responsibilities were:
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* Representative of the Judiciary in the Ministry of Intelligence;
* Head of the Tehran Economic Affairs Prosecutor's Office;
* Head of the Special Judicial Complex for Crimes by Government Employees;
* Special Prosecutor for the Clergy;
* Attorney General of the Country;
* First Deputy of the Judiciary;
* Spokesman of the Judiciary.
{{div col end}}
Eje'i's effective and precise judicial actions led to his introduction as the Representative of the Judiciary in the Ministry of Intelligence in 1985 CE, which was considered an important and sensitive position. In the course of his judicial activities, he pursued heavy and complex cases of officials and big figures, including the following:
* '''Mehdi Hashemi Case;''' In 1986 CE, he undertook the heavy case of Mehdi Hashemi. In addition to the length of the proceedings and the complexity of the case, there was heavy political pressure from the office of Mr. Montazeri, who at that time held the position of Deputy Supreme Leader, which did not affect him and did not influence the process of the case.
* '''Fazel Khodadad Case;''' Another arena of the judicial activities of the new Head of the Judiciary in the 1990s CE was the Fazel Khodadad case. This case, because it was considered the largest economic corruption case of its time, had very wide media and social repercussions. On the other hand, because the court proceedings were broadcast on national media, it was highly sensitive. With the courageous issuance of the first decisive verdict for an economic corrupt rent-seeker, it added the aspect of fighting corruption to his record.
* '''Karbaschi Case;''' The case of the former Mayor of [[Tehran]] was also one of the very heavy cases assigned to him. Due to the inactivity of prosecutor's offices at that time and the lack of an indictment, the role of the judge was very prominent. The nationwide broadcast of the court proceedings on national media, in addition to the anti-corruption attribute, formed the image of a dominant, precise, eloquent, and aware judge in the public mind. Management and judgment on dozens of important and major sensitive national cases were in line with the actions of the Judge of Judges of the country.

==Ministry of Intelligence==
Mohseni-Eje'i was confirmed as Minister of Intelligence in the Ninth Government by a vote of confidence from the [[Islamic Consultative Assembly]]. Ultimately, this responsibility ended after a disagreement with the then President over the issue of obedience to the Guardianship and also regarding one of the President's close associates.

[[fa:غلامحسین محسنی اژه‌ای]]

== Membership in the Expediency Discernment Council ==

Ejei, by the decree of [[Ali Khamenei|Supreme Leader Khamenei]] since 1385 SH (2006 CE), as a real member of the [[Expediency Discernment Council]] and since 1400 SH (2021 CE), as an ex-officio member in the position of Head of the Judiciary was appointed to this council<ref>[https://www.mizanonline.ir/fa/news/737705/%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%88-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82-%D9%82%D8%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-% A look at the biography and judicial and executive records of Hojjat al-Islam wa al-Muslimin Ejei, Mizan News Agency website].</ref>.

== Head of the Judiciary ==

He was appointed to the head of the Judiciary in Tir 1400 SH (July 2021), by the decree of [[Ali Khamenei|Supreme Leader Khamenei]]. The text of the Supreme Leader of the [[Islamic Revolution|Islamic Revolution]]'s decree is as follows:

In the Name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful

Hojjat al-Islam wa al-Muslimin Mr. Haj Sheikh Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i

Now that Mr. [[Ebrahim Raisi|Raisi]] has succeeded in serving in the position of President of the [[Islamic Republic of Iran|Iran]] by the vote of the nation, with great appreciation for their valuable services during the period of judicial responsibility and the honorable record they left behind in establishing lasting measures, I appoint you, who in addition to legal qualifications, possess valuable experience, deep knowledge and a brilliant record in judicial affairs, based on Principle 157, to the head of the Judiciary. My expectation,
* Firstly: Serious attention to the fundamental missions of the judicial system in the Constitution, namely the expansion of justice, and revival of public rights, and securing legitimate freedoms, and supervision over the proper execution of laws, and prevention of crime, and also decisive fight against corruption;
* Secondly: Continuation of the transformative approach and implementation of the existing transformation document with special attention;
* Thirdly: Expansion of new technologies and ensuring easy and free access of people to judicial services;
* Fourthly: Appointing efficient, jihadi, virtuous and righteous forces in responsibilities, and training competent managers for high and middle judicial and administrative levels;
* Fifthly: Valuing the services of chaste judges and preserving their dignity and status, and conversely, decisive treatment with the few violators;
* Sixthly: Communication with the body of the people and presence among them which has many blessings.
I ask God Almighty for your successes and those of your colleagues and hope that your services will bring the satisfaction of God and the creation. By His grace and power<ref>[https://khl.ink/f/48223 Appointment of Hojjat al-Islam wa al-Muslimin Mohseni-Eje'i to the Head of Judiciary, Center for Preservation and Publication of the Works of Grand Ayatollah Khamenei].</ref>.
And peace be upon you and the mercy of God; [[Ali Khamenei|Ali Khamenei]], 10 Tir 1400 SH (1 July 2021).

== Presence in Academic Assemblies ==

Mohseni-Eje'i has a record of teaching at the Baqir al-Ulum Faculty (peace be upon him) of the Ministry of Intelligence, teaching in the educational department of Revolutionary Courts and the Faculty of Judicial Sciences. University education and special attention to the importance of public opinion and elites of the society have caused him to consider presence in special assemblies and student meetings as an opportunity at every chance and have extensive and close contact with the university and student body of the country. The statement of the new Head of the Judiciary in explaining issues, approaches and judicial events for the scientific and university community of the country, especially at a time when the Judiciary was exposed to false accusations by hostile media and few people agreed to be present in student assemblies, students who have attended his meetings describe him as one of their own and sympathetic and aligned with their justice-seeking concerns.
Insight, deep legal knowledge in seminary and university dimensions, long experience in the judicial system and complete knowledge of the structure and strengths and weaknesses of this collection, expressive and eloquent speech, accurate knowledge of social and political currents of the country and his people-oriented and social spirit, have presented him as a transformation-seeking head and a jihadi manager for the Judiciary who will be able to continue the path of judicial reforms with strength<ref>[http://isna.ir/xdJyhb A look at the biography, records and positions of the new Head of Judiciary, ISNA News Website].</ref>.

== Sanctions by the European Union ==

The European Union, in a decision on 23 Farvardin 1390 SH, equivalent to 12 April 2011 CE, barred 32 Iranian officials including Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i from entering the countries of this union<ref>[https://www.tabnak.ir/fa/tags/3548/1/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A7%DA%98%D9%87-%D8%A7%DB%8C Read more about Mohseni Ejei in Wiki Tabnak, Tabnak News Website].</ref>.

== See also ==
* [[Expediency Discernment Council]]
* [[Ali Khamenei]]
* [[Islamic Consultative Assembly]]
* [[Islamic Republic of Iran]]
* [[Ebrahim Raisi]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
* [https://www.mizanonline.ir/fa/news/737705/%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%88-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82-%D9%82%D8%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-% A look at the biography and judicial and executive records of Hojjat al-Islam wa al-Muslimin Ejei, Mizan News Agency website], Publication date: N/A, Access date: 26 Dey 1403 SH (15 January 2025).

* [https://khl.ink/f/48223 Appointment of Hojjat al-Islam wa al-Muslimin Mohseni-Eje'i to the Head of Judiciary, Center for Preservation and Publication of the Works of Grand Ayatollah Khamenei], Publication date: 10 Tir 1400 SH (1 July 2021), Access date: 26 Dey 1403 SH (15 January 2025).

* [http://isna.ir/xdJyhb A look at the biography, records and positions of the new Head of Judiciary, ISNA News Website], Publication date: 10 Tir 1400 SH (1 July 2021), Access date: 26 Dey 1403 SH (15 January 2025).

* [https://www.tabnak.ir/fa/tags/3548/1/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A7%DA%98%D9%87-%D8%A7%DB%8C Read more about Mohseni Ejei in Wiki Tabnak, Tabnak News Website], Publication date: 10 Tir 1400 SH (1 July 2021), Access date: 26 Dey 1403 SH (15 January 2025).

{{Iran}}

[[Category:Iran]]
[[Category:Personalities]]

[[fa:غلامحسین محسنی اژه‌ای]]

Draft:Gholamreza Soleimani

2026-10-24T09:23:38Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Gholamreza Soleimani
| image = غلامرضا سلیمانی.jpg
| other_names = Martyr Gholamreza Soleimani
| birth_date = 1964/1965 (CE)
| birth_place = [[Farsan County]], [[Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province]], [[Islamic Republic of Iran|Iran]]
| death_date = 16 March 2026 (CE)
| death_place = [[Tehran]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Shia Islam|Shia]]
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Head of the Basij Organization of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
* Commander of the Sahib al-Zaman Corps of Isfahan Province
* Commander of the 19th Fajr Division
* Commander of Qods Headquarters
* Commander of the 41st Tharallah Division
* Commander of the 14th Imam Hussein Division
}}
}}

'''Gholamreza Soleimani''' was one of the Basij fighters and commanders during the honorable era of the [[Iran–Iraq War|Sacred Defense]], Commander of the Sahib al-Zaman Corps of Isfahan Province, Commander of the 19th Fajr Division, Commander of Qods Headquarters, Commander of the 41st Tharallah Division, and Commander of the 14th Imam Hussein Division. In July 2012 (CE), he was appointed as the Head of the [[Basij Organization]] by [[Ali Khamenei|Supreme Leader]], upon the recommendation of the Commander-in-Chief of the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|IRGC]].

== Biography ==
Gholamreza Soleimani was born in 1964/1965 (CE) in Farsan County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province.

== Education ==
Brigadier General Soleimani held a bachelor's degree in History from the University of Isfahan, was a graduate of the IRGC Command and Staff Course, and held a PhD in the History of Iran during the Islamic period.

== Military Service ==
He was one of the Basij fighters and commanders during the honorable era of the Sacred Defense. He began his voluntary presence in the spring of 1981 (CE) in the battlefields of truth against falsehood, starting from the front lines of the Susa defense sector as a Basij member. He participated as a fighter and company and battalion commander in the victorious and pride-creating operations of Tariq al-Quds, Fath al-Mubin, Beit al-Muqaddas, Ramadan, Muharram, Valfajr Preliminary, Valfajr 2 and 4, Khaybar, Badr, Valfajr 8, Karbala 4 and 5, and Valfajr 10.

== Positions ==
He was among the first IRGC commanders who simultaneously held responsibility for the Resistance Region and the Combat Unit.
{{flatlist|
* Commander of the 44th Qamar Bani Hashem Brigade;
* Commander of the Independent 57th Hazrat Abul-Fazl Brigade;
* Commander of the Lorestan Resistance Region;
* Commander of the 19th Fajr Division;
* Commander of Qods Headquarters;
* Commander of the 41st Tharallah Division;
* Commander of the 14th Imam Hussein Division;
* Commander of the Sahib al-Zaman Corps of Isfahan Province.
}}

== Head of the Basij Organization of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps ==
[[Ali Khamenei|Ayatollah Khamenei]], the Supreme Leader of the Revolution, appointed Brigadier General Gholamreza Soleimani as the Head of the [[Basij Organization]] in a decree.

In the Name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Brigadier General Guard Gholamreza Soleimani

Upon the recommendation of the Commander-in-Chief of the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|IRGC]] and given your valuable experience in the Basij and competence, I appoint you as the "Head of the Basij Organization of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps".
The elevation of the Basij and the culture of resistance, and strengthening the grounds for the emergence of creativity and initiative among Basij members, especially adolescents and youth, in expanding, deepening, and protecting revolutionary values, and enhancing their organized presence based on experiences in fields needed by the Islamic Revolution, expanding jihadi groups, and synergy and strengthening the mobilization of strata in constructive and synergistic interaction with the IRGC collection and other state and military organizations, considering the measures of the IRGC Commander-in-Chief, is expected. I thank and appreciate the valuable efforts and revolutionary positions of Brigadier General Guard Gholamhossein Gheybparvar during his tenure of this responsibility.
I ask God Almighty for your success.

[[Ali Khamenei|Ali Khamenei]]
2 July 2019 (CE)

== Initiatives ==
The most important programs of Brigadier General Soleimani in the [[Basij Organization]] include:
{{flatlist|
* Special attention to strengthening resistance bases and Basij strata centers as the fingertips of realizing the Basij mission, and striving to elevate the role of student, university, worker, guild, engineer, artist, other strata, and sisters;
* Active presence of ranks and centers under his responsibility and command in deprivation alleviation programs, strengthening jihadi groups, and expanding the field of service delivery in deprived areas and coping with unexpected events, close communication with scholars, people of science and opinion, professors and academics, and synergistic interaction with executive bodies and strengthening understanding and cooperation between armed forces;
* Strengthening the cultural aspect in realizing the missions of the Basij and IRGC, explaining cultural and social issues, and developing insight actions, and using the opportunities of cyberspace has always been his attention, and performing appropriate command during the Sacred Defense era in enhancing the defense and security capabilities of units under responsibility;
* Special attention to youth as the builders of the future of Islamic Iran, possessing the Basij spirit, being popular, and having broad-mindedness provided suitable opportunities for the continuation of his effective service in the Basij Organization and the realization of the wishes and measures of the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces (may God prolong his shadow)<ref>[https://fararu.com/fa/tiny/news-404430 Who is Brigadier General Gholamreza Soleimani, the new commander of Basij? + Background, Fararu Analytical News Portal].</ref>.
}}

== Martyrdom ==
Gholamreza Soleimani was martyred at dawn on 26 Esfand 1404 SH (16 March 2026 (CE)), in the [[2026 US and Israel attack on Iran|US and Israel attack on Iran]] during the [[Ramadan War]].

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==

[[fa:غلامرضا سلیمانی]]

== Reactions ==

=== Leader of the Islamic Revolution of Iran ===
Condolence message of [[Seyyed Mojtaba Khamenei|Leader of the Revolution]] following the martyrdom of Major General Martyr Gholamreza Soleimani, commander of the Basij Organization:

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

'''{{Quran verse|Among the believers are men who have been true to their covenant with Allah. Some of them have fulfilled their vow, and some of them are still waiting, and they did not alter [their commitment] in the least.|Surah = Al-Ahzab|Verse = 23}}'''

Receiving the distressing news of the martyrdom of Major General Gholamreza Soleimani, Head of the [[Basij Organization|Basij]], caused great sorrow and regret. He had been active in the field of striving in the way of God for a long time and had gained extensive experience in this path. The assassination of this mujahid commander reminds us of the great importance of the Basij and the great fear that the vile and malicious enemy has of confronting it.
I offer condolences for this painful calamity to the respected family of that high-ranking martyr and all his colleagues in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and all dear Basij members, of whom I am the least, and I hope that God Almighty grants him a high station<ref>[https://khl.ink/f/62803 Condolence message of the Leader of the Revolution following the martyrdom of Major General Martyr Gholamreza Soleimani, commander of the Basij Organization, Website of the Office for Preservation and Publication of the Works of Grand Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei].</ref>.

[[Seyyed Mojtaba Khamenei|Seyyed Mojtaba Hosseini Khamenei]]
17 March 2026 (CE)

=== President of the Islamic Republic of Iran ===
[[Masoud Pezeshkian]] President of the Islamic Republic of Iran issued a message condoling the martyrdom of Major General Gholamreza Soleimani, Head of the Basij Organization.

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

'''{{Quran verse|... And whoever fights in the cause of Allah and is killed or achieves victory - We will bestow upon him a great reward.|Surah = An-Nisa|Verse = 74}}'''

The brave commander, Major General Gholamreza Soleimani Farsani, Head of the [[Basij Organization]], along with several of his comrades, attained the great fortune of martyrdom in a terrorist attack by the [[Zionist regime|Criminal Zionist Regime]]. This prominent mujahid, who was present with bravery in the fronts of the imposed war during the [[Iran-Iraq War|Sacred Defense]] era, and thereafter held his dear life honorably in all fields of resistance and was ready for martyrdom, reached his long-standing wish. It is the false illusion of the anti-human and terrorist Zionist regime that such malicious actions will shake the resolve of the brave nation of [[Iran]]. There is no doubt that the blood of these dear martyrs will not remain unanswered, and their martyrdom will also cause the revolutionary fervor of the students of these dear ones to surge with double motivation.
I offer condolences for this loss to the Commander-in-Chief and the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, the senior commanders of the Sacred Defense and the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|IRGC]] and the Basij Organization, to the brave and proud nation of Iran and especially to their family and survivors and his fellow martyrs, and I ask God Almighty for their exaltation of degrees<ref>[https://www.tabnak.ir/005ig9 Pezeshkian's message following the martyrdom of the Head of the Basij Organization, Tabnak News Website].</ref>.

=== Head of the Judiciary ===
[[Gholamhossein Mohseni-Eje'i|Hojjat al-Islam wal-Muslimin Mohseni-Eje'i]] issued a message following the martyrdom of Major General Martyr Gholamreza Soleimani, Head of the [[Basij Organization]].
The text of this message is as follows:

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

'''{{Quran verse|Among the believers are men who have been true to their covenant with Allah. Some of them have fulfilled their vow, and some of them are still waiting, and they did not alter [their commitment] in the least.|Surah = Al-Ahzab|Verse = 23}}'''

I congratulate and offer condolences for the martyrdom of Major General Martyr Gholamreza Soleimani, Head of the Basij Organization, by the vile [[United States|American]] [[Zionist regime|Zionist]] enemy to the people and the proud and honorable Basij members of Islamic Iran.
The blessed tree of the Basij during the command of that high-ranking martyr has left behind many services; today, truly, the pleasant scent of the selfless services of the Basij, from small villages to the metropolises of [[Iran]], has encompassed us and is perceptible.
This mujahid commander, who possessed an tireless spirit, during his tenure at the Basij Organization, took high and effective steps in the categories of creating hope, deprivation removal, and Basij service in the society, which will certainly continue with power; we are confident that from now on, the steadfast flag of the Basij will be raised higher than ever.
Once again, I congratulate and offer condolences for the martyrdom of the dear Commander Soleimani to the general public and brave Basij members, comrades, relatives, and his respected family, and I ask for beautiful patience and great reward for them from the threshold of the Exalted Lord<ref>[https://www.asriran.com/fa/amp/news/1150402 Message of the Head of the Judiciary following the martyrdom of Major General Martyr Gholamreza Soleimani, Asr Iran News Website].</ref>.

[[Gholamhossein Mohseni-Eje'i]]

=== Speaker of the Islamic Consultative Assembly ===
[[Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf]] Speaker of the [[Islamic Consultative Assembly]] condoled the martyrdom of Major General Gholamreza Soleimani, commander of the [[Basij Organization|Basij]], in a message.
The text of the message is as follows;

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

'''{{Quran verse|And never think of those who have been killed in the cause of Allah as dead. Rather, they are alive with their Lord, receiving provision.|Surah = Al-Imran|Verse = 169}}'''

I offer congratulations and condolences for the martyrdom of the devoted, brave, and life-risking Basij soldier of the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|IRGC]] of [[Islam]], Major General Gholamreza Soleimani, commander of the [[Basij Organization|Basij]], by [[Zionist regime|Zionism]] and [[Global Hegemony|Global Arrogance]] to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, the family of this proud martyr, and the proud and mujahid Basij members.
This honorable commander, who spent years of his life in the trench of jihad and honor, with commitment, responsibility, and attention to public service, played an effective role in defending the Revolution and organizing the soldiers of the [[Islamic Revolution|Islamic Revolution]], and finally, after years of bravery, attained the grace of martyrdom in battle with the most wretched enemies of humanity along with his deputy and several life-risking Basij members and received the reward of years of steadfastness.
The name Soleimani is familiar to the lovers of resistance and martyrdom, and Martyr Gholamreza Soleimani joined the Commander of Hearts, Martyr Haj Qasem Soleimani, and he too became a guiding light for Basij members and mujahids. Hoping for the final victory of the Resistance Front against Global Arrogance<ref>[http://mehrnews.com/x3bCPX Ghalibaf: Martyr Soleimani joined the Commander of Hearts, Mehr News Agency Website].</ref>.

[[Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf]] Speaker of the [[Islamic Consultative Assembly]]

=== Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps ===
The [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]] announced in a statement that the Head of the [[Basij Organization]] has attained martyrdom. The text of this statement is as follows:

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

'''{{Quran verse|Among the believers are men who have been true to their covenant with Allah. Some of them have fulfilled their vow, and some of them are still waiting, and they did not alter [their commitment] in the least.|Surah = Al-Ahzab|Verse = 23}}'''

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

We offer congratulations and condolences on the honorable martyrdom of the sincere mujahid, Major General Passdar Gholamreza Soleimani, Head of the [[Basij Organization]], in the [[2026 US and Israel attack on Iran|terrorist attack by the American-Zionist enemy]] to the [[Seyyed Mojtaba Khamenei|Supreme Leader]], the honorable nation of Iran, the valiant Basij members, and the respected family of this dear martyr.

This honorable commander and great figure of Islam, during years of mujahid service from the 8-year [[Iran-Iraq War|Sacred Defense]] until today, especially during the tenure of the presidency of the Basij Organization, played a strategic and unique role in updating the popular and jihadi structure of the Basij, developing constructive movements, deprivation alleviation, and assisting the oppressed and vulnerable groups.

This cowardly terrorist assassination indicates the importance and role of the Basij in the comprehensive battlefield against the terrorist army of the United States and the Zionist regime and their mercenaries, especially in the recent war.

We warn the evil and terrorist killers of this high-ranking martyr that the mujahid Basij members will never leave the blood vengeance of the martyred Leader, martyred commanders, and various ranks of popular martyrs.

Undoubtedly, the pure blood of these martyrs will double the will of the heroic nation of Iran and all life-risking Basij members in continuing the path of resistance and struggle against global arrogance and international Zionism<ref>[https://www.javanonline.ir/005ezs Major General Gholamreza Soleimani, Head of the Basij Organization, was martyred, Javan Online Information Website]. Retrieved 17 March 2026.</ref>.

[[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]]
17 March 2026

=== Commander-in-Chief of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps ===
Major General Ahmad Wahidi, Commander-in-Chief of the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]], issued a message on the occasion of the martyrdom of Major General Passdar Gholamreza Soleimani. The text of the message is as follows:

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

'''{{Quran|33|23}}'''

We offer congratulations and condolences on the honorable and oppressed martyrdom of the steadfast, sincere, and heroic Bakhtiari commander, Major General Passdar Gholamreza Soleimani, Head of the [[Basij Organization]], who spent his fruitful life in the way of guarding the ideals of the [[Islamic Revolution of Iran|Islamic Revolution]] and selfless service to the honorable nation of Iran, to the presence of [[Hujjat ibn al-Hasan (Mahdi)|Hazrat Wali-e-Asr (may Allah hasten his reappearance)]], the Supreme Leader [[Seyyed Mojtaba Khamenei|Ayatollah Seyyed Mojtaba Hosseini Khamenei (may his blessings endure)]], the great nation of Iran, the respected family of the martyr, and all guards, commanders, and valiant Basij members, and especially the honorable, non-partisan, and valiant people of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, particularly Farsan county.

Major General Passdar Martyr Gholamreza Soleimani was one of the commanders trained in the school of the Two Imams of the Revolution and an embodiment of the jihadi and revolutionary spirit; a commander who rose from the honorable and resistant region of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, and shone like a gem on the crown of heroic Shahrekord. From the years of the 8-year [[Iran-Iraq War|Sacred Defense]] to the critical arenas thereafter until today, he was always a manifestation of courage, commitment, and strategic insight in various command and management positions.

The prudence, creativity, and transformative management of that mujahid commander during the tenure of the presidency of the Basij Organization, in creating strategic and operational innovations for the Basij in various fields, played a unique role in elevating the position of this popular organization and more effective service to deprived groups and the oppressed, especially in the most sensitive historical periods and fields of need for the country and the Revolution, and undoubtedly these sincere struggles added a lasting and inspiring golden page to the scroll of honors of the Basij and the IRGC.

The spirit of sacrifice, humility, sincerity, and firmness in the field of action, and deep commitment to the ideals of Islam and the Revolution, is the precious heritage of Commander Soleimani that will remain forever in the historical memory of the nation of Iran, especially among the Guards of the Revolution, and the young generation of today and tomorrow of the martyr-nurturing region of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari.

I ask the Sublime God for that high-ranking commander, proximity to the Friends and Martyrs, and for the dear survivors, comrades, and devotees, steadfastness in the tent of Wilayah and continuation of the path of the martyrs.

=== Basij Organization and Basij Members ===
Following the martyrdom of Major General Gholamreza Soleimani, Head of the [[Basij Organization]], the members of the Basij of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Basij Organization issued a joint message.
The text of this message is as follows:

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

'''{{Quran|33|23}}'''

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Basij Organization]]
[[Category:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]]
[[Category:2026 in Iran]]
[[Category:Deaths by person in Iran]]

[[fa:شهادت غلامرضا سلیمانی]]

Major General Passdar Gholamreza Soleimani, the jihadist, compassionate, and tireless commander of the Organization of Basij of the Oppressed and our commander, the basijis of the Islamic Republic of Iran, after a life of struggle, was finally martyred by the most wretched and vile enemies of the Prophet of Islam, the Quran, and the great nation of Iran.
The criminal regimes of America and the savage Zionists, by martyring the dear Basiji commander Major General Gholamreza Soleimani, should not delight in this vain illusion that we, the soldiers of the Two Imams of the Revolution, Grand Imam Khomeini and Martyr Khamenei, will lay down the banner of the Blessed Tree of Basij; these wretches must know that we have just begun our work.
We swear by the pure and purified blood of that brave martyr commander who, with his far-sighted measures, organized the movements of Hope-creating Jihad, deprivation removal, and service throughout the country with the document of the ten-year elevation of Basij approved by Imam Khamenei, that we basijis of the Islamic Republic of Iran will not yield an inch from the ideals of this Revolution.
Our martyr commander, a few days ago, in a message of compliance with the wishes and statements of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, Ayatollah Sayyed Mojtaba Khamenei (may God protect him), emphasized that 'Basijis will traverse the path of happiness that our martyr Commander has outlined in the form of the Second Step of the Revolution Statement with ever greater power'; and eternal shame upon us if we do not do so; and the final word; dear Soleimani, know that we basijis in the farthest points of the country, from small villages to metropolises, will remain at the service of the Islamic Revolution and its lofty ideals until our last breath, and we will deliver this flag to its main owner, Hazrat Baqiyyatallah al-Azam (may God hasten his reappearance).
[[Organization of Basij of the Oppressed|Organization of Basij of the Oppressed]] and all basijis of the country

== See also ==
* [[2026 America and Israel attack on Iran|2026 America and Israel attack on Iran]]
* [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps|Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]]
* [[Sayyed Ali Hosseini Khamenei|Sayyed Ali Hosseini Khamenei]]
* [[Organization of Basij of the Oppressed|Organization of Basij of the Oppressed]]
* [[Iran-Iraq War|Iran-Iraq War]]
* [[Ramadan War|Ramadan War]]
* [[Martyrdom|Martyrdom]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
* [https://fararu.com/fa/tiny/news-404430 Who is the new commander of Basij, Major General Gholamreza Soleimani? + Background, Fararu Analytical News Portal], Published 2 July 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2026.

* [https://khl.ink/f/62803 Condolence message of the Leader of the Revolution following the martyrdom of Major General Passdar Martyr Gholamreza Soleimani, Commander of the Organization of Basij of the Oppressed, Information Portal of the Office for Preservation and Publication of the Works of Grand Ayatollah Sayyed Ali Khamenei], Published 17 March 2026. Retrieved 17 March 2026.

* [https://www.tabnak.ir/005ig9 Message of Pezeshkian following the martyrdom of the Head of the Organization of Basij of the Oppressed, Tabnak News Website], Published 17 March 2026. Retrieved 17 March 2026.

* [https://www.asriran.com/fa/amp/news/1150402 Message of the Head of the Judiciary following the martyrdom of Major General Passdar Gholamreza Soleimani, Asr Iran News Website], Published 17 March 2026. Retrieved 17 March 2026.

* [http://mehrnews.com/x3bCPX Ghalibaf: Martyr Soleimani joined the Commander of Hearts, Mehr News Agency Website], Published 17 March 2026. Retrieved 17 March 2026.

* [https://www.javanonline.ir/005ezs Major General Gholamreza Soleimani, Head of the Organization of Basij of the Oppressed, was martyred, Javan Online Information Website], Published 17 March 2026. Retrieved 17 March 2026.

{{Iran}}
{{Ramadan War}}
{{Martyrs}}

[[fa:غلامرضا سلیمانی]]

[[Category:Personalities]]
[[Category:Martyrs]]
[[Category:Shia Martyrs]]
[[Category:Crimes of America]]
[[Category:Crimes of Israel]]
[[Category:Iran]]

Draft:Gholamali Rashid

2026-10-21T08:27:14Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

Draft:Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel

2026-10-21T08:04:45Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| name = Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel
| image = غلامعلی حداد عادل.jpg
| other_names = {{flatlist|Dr. Haddad-Adel}}
| birth_year = 1945
| birth_date = 9 May 1945 CE
| birth_place = {{flatlist|[[Iran]], [[Tehran]]}}
| death_year =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Shia Islam|Shia]]
| spouse = {{flatlist|Tayyebah Mahrouzadeh}}
| parents =
| children = {{flatlist|Fariduddin|Azadeh|[[Zahra Haddad-Adel|Zahra]]|Bint-al-Huda}}
| education = {{flatlist|PhD in Philosophy}}
| occupation = {{flatlist|Politician|Professor at [[University of Tehran]]|Writer|Poet}}
| website =
}}

'''Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel''' is an Iranian politician, scholar, and university professor. He is considered one of the prominent principlist figures in [[Iran]]. Haddad-Adel previously served as the fifth Speaker of the [[Islamic Consultative Assembly]] and President of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature, and currently serves as a member of the [[Expediency Discernment Council]] and a member of the Council of the Educational Research and Planning Organization.

== Biography ==

=== Family and Education ===
Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel was born in 1945 CE (1324 SH) in [[Tehran]]. He holds a PhD in [[Philosophy]]. His wife is Tayyebah Mahrouzadeh, who holds a PhD in Philosophy of Education and is considered one of the scientific and executive figures in the field of women and education in Iran. The couple has four children named Fariduddin, Azadeh, [[Zahra Haddad-Adel|Zahra]], and Bint-al-Huda.

=== Executive and Political Career ===
Haddad-Adel has numerous executive and political records, some of the most important of which are:
* Deputy Minister of Education;
* Research Deputy of the Ministry of Education;
* Speaker of the Islamic Consultative Assembly in the seventh term;
* Chairman of the Cultural Commission of the Islamic Consultative Assembly in the eighth term;
* Representative of the people of [[Tehran]] in the [[Islamic Consultative Assembly]] in the sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth terms;
* President of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature;
* Member of the [[Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution]];
* Member of the [[Expediency Discernment Council]];
* President of the Saadi Foundation;
* President of the Foundation for the Encyclopedia of Islam;
* President of the Educational Research and Planning Organization.

He has also been a faculty member and associate professor in the Philosophy Department of the Faculty of Literature and Humanities at the [[University of Tehran]].

== Works ==
He has numerous works and publications in the fields of education and Islam, some of which are mentioned below:

* ''Encyclopedia of the Arab World of Islam'', supervised by Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel;
* ''Lessons from the Quran'';
* ''Only the Early Risers'';
* ''The Culture of Nudity and Cultural Nudity''.

== Presidential Election Candidacy ==
Haddad-Adel ran as a candidate in the tenth presidential election held in 2013 CE (1392 SH), with the slogan "Piety and Prudence". His eligibility was confirmed by the [[Guardian Council]]. However, on 10 June 2013 CE (20 Khordad 1392 SH), four days before the election day, he withdrew from his candidacy and asked voters to vote for the principlist candidate ([[Ebrahim Raisi]]).

== Cultural Activities ==
In addition to political activities, Haddad-Adel has played an important role in the field of Iranian culture and literature. His presidency of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature is one of the important measures in this regard. He is also a poet and writer and has left numerous works. In 2014 CE (1393 SH), he received the honor medal of "Warrior of the Field of Culture and Art".

== Awards and Honors ==
* Receiving the Second Degree Education and Training Medal in 1995 CE (1374 SH);
* Receiving the Honor Medal of Warrior of the Field of Culture and Art in 2014 CE (1393 SH).

== See also ==
* [[Zahra Haddad-Adel]]
* [[Islamic Consultative Assembly]]
* [[Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution]]
* [[Expediency Discernment Council]]

== References ==
* [https://www.tabnak.ir/fa/tags/2280/1/%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%84 Haddad-Adel, Tabnak Website], Publication date: N/A, Access date: 22 April 2026 CE.

{{Iran}}

[[Category:People]]
[[Category:Iran]]

[[fa:غلامعلی حداد عادل]]