Wikivahdat - User contributions [en]

Quran

2026-04-26T08:38:31Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

[[پرونده:قرآن کتاب آسمانی.jpg|جایگزین=قرآن|بندانگشتی]]

''Quran'' is the heavenly and holy book of [[Muslims]], and all Muslims, whether [[Sunni]] or [[Shia|Shia]], accept it. This book is recognized as the most important [[Miracle]] of [[Muhammad ibn Abdullah (Seal of the Prophets)|the Prophet of Islam]]. The Holy Quran consists of 30 Juz and 114 [[Surah]]s.

This heavenly book was revealed to [[Muhammad ibn Abdullah (Seal of the Prophets)|Hazrat Muhammad ibn Abdullah (Peace Be Upon Him and His Progeny)]] in two forms: instantaneous revelation and gradual revelation, through [[Revelation]].

== First Revealed Verses ==
The first [[Verses of the Quran]] of the Holy Quran that were revealed to [[Muhammad ibn Abdullah (Seal of the Prophets)|the Noble Prophet]] were the first to sixth verses of [[Surah Al-Alaq]]: '''{{متن قرآن|اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّکَ الَّذِی خَلَقَ * خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ * اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّکَ الْأَکْرَمُ * الَّذِی عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ * عَلَّمَ الْإِنْسَانَ مَا لَمْ یَعْلَمْ * کَلَّا إِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ لَیَطْغَى|سوره = علق|آیه = 1_6}}'''; Read in the name of your Lord who created the world * The One who created man from a clot of blood * Read that your Lord is the most Generous * The One who taught by the pen * And taught man what he did not know * Nay, indeed man transgresses.

== Distortion of the Quran ==
[[Muslims]], both [[Shia]] and [[Sunni]], believe that the Quran has been preserved without any omission or addition exactly as it was revealed to [[Muhammad ibn Abdullah (Seal of the Prophets)|the Noble Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him and His Progeny)]] and has not undergone [[Distortion]]. This belief is based on various rational and narrative evidences (from the Quran and traditions) and historical evidence of Muslims' attention to preserving the Quran.

== Revelation of the Quran and Scholars' Views ==
=== Majority View ===
According to this view, which the majority of Muslims also agree with, the Quran is the Divine Word, meaning that its words and meanings were revealed from God Almighty to the sacred heart of the Prophet, and he recited and read it to the people without any alteration.
=== Minority View ===
Proponents of this view, who are some religious intellectuals, believe that the Quran was a type of inspiration and inner revelation of the Prophet and does not have a direct connection with God and the unseen world. Adherents of this thought are also divided into two groups: '''A.''' Some believe that the meanings and content of the Quran were revealed to the Prophet's heart by God, but the Prophet expressed the received meanings to the people with the words and literature specific to the era of revelation. '''B.''' Others believe that the words and meanings of the Quran were an effusion of the Prophet's thought and heart and have no connection with the unseen source. To explain and examine the aforementioned views further, it is necessary to state the characteristics of Quranic revelation from the perspective of the Quran and then see which analysis conforms to it:
== Characteristics of Quranic Revelation from the Quran's Perspective ==
=== Independence of the Quran from the Prophet's Personality ===
The contents of many verses are such that they prove the complete independence of the Quran from the Prophet's spiritual and moral states. Some of these verses are as follows:
* Verses that aim to correct the behavior of the Prophet in certain matters, including those revealed in Surah Taha, Kahf, Tahrim, and Ahzab: '''{{متن قرآن|وَلَا تَعْجَلْ بِالْقُرْآنِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يُقْضَىٰ إِلَيْكَ وَحْيُهُ وَقُلْ رَبِّ زِدْنِي عِلْمًا|سوره = طه|آیه = 114}}''' In this noble verse, the Divine Revelation asks the Prophet not to hasten in reciting and memorizing the Quran before the completion of its revelation and to have the necessary steadfastness in this regard.
In Surah Al-Qiyamah, it is stated as follows: '''{{متن قرآن|لَا تُحَرِّكْ بِهِ لِسَانَكَ لِتَعْجَلَ بِهِ|سوره = قیامت|آیه = 16}}''' The same content is mentioned in another way, and he is requested to refrain from hastening in reciting and speaking it during the revelation of the Quran and to wait until after the completion of the revelation to recite and propagate it. '''{{متن قرآن|مَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَيْكَ الْقُرْآنَ لِتَشْقَىٰ|سوره = طه|آیه = 2}}''' From the above verses and others, it is understood that the Prophet suffered greatly from the deplorable situation of the people of his time and wished that all of them would believe in the truths of religion; but the Quranic Revelation comforted and consoled him, asking him that the atheistic and polytheistic spirits of the people should not cause him distress and hardship. In another guidance addressed to him, it says that guidance and misguidance are in God's hand, and no one, not even the Prophet, is able to guide anyone without Divine permission.
* Verses that exempt the Prophet from any kind of interference in the Quran and even warn him in this regard, such as: '''{{متن قرآن|وَإِذَا تُتْلَى عَلَیْهِمْ آَیَاتُنَا بَیِّنَاتٍ قَالَ الَّذِینَ لَا یَرْجُونَ لِقَاءَنَا ائْتِ بِقُرْآَنٍ غَیْرِ هَذَا أَوْ بَدِّلْهُ قُلْ مَا یَکُونُ لِی أَنْ أُبَدِّلَهُ مِنْ تِلْقَاءِ نَفْسِی إِنْ أَتَّبِعُ إِلَّا مَا یُوحَى إِلَیَّ إِنِّی أَخَافُ إِنْ عَصَیْتُ رَبِّی عَذَابَ یَوْمٍ عَظِیمٍ |سوره = یونس|آیه = 15}}'''.

The content of the noble verse is that the polytheists asked the Prophet to produce a Quran other than the existing Quran for them. In response to such a request, the Prophet said: I have pure obedience to the Divine Revelation in the matter of the revelation of the Quran and have no authority from myself; therefore, the Quranic Revelation is not subject to the states of the Prophet's thoughts and spirits, and any kind of interference in the verses by him is impossible.

=== Quran's Challenge in Human Incapacity ===
In numerous verses, humans are asked that if they doubt the divinity of the Quran and its non-human origin, they should be able to bring a Surah like the Surahs of the Quran: '''{{متن قرآن|وَإِنْ کُنْتُمْ فِی رَیْبٍ مِمَّا نَزَّلْنَا عَلَى عَبْدِنَا فَأْتُوا بِسُورَةٍ مِنْ مِثْلِهِ وَادْعُوا شُهَدَاءَکُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ إِنْ کُنْتُمْ صَادِقِینَ * فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا وَلَنْ تَفْعَلُوا فَاتَّقُوا النَّارَ الَّتِي وَقُودُهَا النَّاسُ وَالْحِجَارَةُ أُعِدَّتْ لِلْكَافِرِينَ |سوره = بقره|آیه = 23}}'''
The words lam taf'alu, lan taf'alu, fa'tu bi surah in the aforementioned verse indicate that no one among humans is able to bring a Surah like a Surah of the Quran; therefore, if we consider the Quran as a product of the Prophet's religious experience and inner revelation, naturally such an experience should be possible for other humans as well, and the Quran's challenge deprives all humans of such capability.

=== Request for Miracle ===
From numerous verses of the Holy Quran and also the history of the life of [[Divine Prophets]], it is understood that the opponents of the Divine Prophets asked them to show a miracle or an extraordinary thing to prove the truth of their claim regarding connection with the unseen world, such as the miracles requested from [[Abraham (AS)|Abraham (Peace Be Upon Him)]], [[Prophet Salih|Salih (Peace Be Upon Him)]], [[Prophet Hud|Hud (Peace Be Upon Him)]], etc. Here we say if [[Prophethood]] is the same as inner discovery and the product of the spiritual austerities of the Divine Prophets and Revelation effused from within them, requesting a miracle from them would be meaningless.

== Insults to the Quran ==
This heavenly book has been insulted and disrespected several times, which has angered Muslims. From the perspective of the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]], the Government of Denmark is responsible for preventing insult to the Holy Quran and Islamic sanctities and also for pursuing and punishing the insulters, and in this regard, public opinion in the [[Islamic World]] awaits practical action from the Government of Denmark. Again, the Quran was insulted in Sweden.
[[پرونده:تجمع اعتراض‌آمیز.png|جایگزین=قرآن|بندانگشتی]]

=== Perpetrator of Disrespect and Insult ===
On Thursday afternoon (July 20), for the second time in recent weeks, the perpetrators of Quran burning in Sweden, with the green light of the police of this country and after receiving permission for an anti-Islamic gathering in Stockholm, insulted the Holy Quran. '''"Salwan Momika"''', an Iraqi-Swedish citizen, insulted the Holy Quran again at this gathering with the support of the Swedish police and burned the flag of [[Iraq]]<ref>Fars News Agency International Group.</ref>.

=== Reaction to the Repeated Insult to the Quran ===
''Stephane Dujarric'', spokesman for the [[United Nations]], told reporters regarding the repeated desecration of the Holy Quran in [[Sweden]]: It is quite clear that disrespect for holy books and places of worship is unacceptable; but unfortunately, historically such actions have been used for provocation. He added: Respect for each other's religion is important.

==== The Unmasking of the West ====
''Mohammad Sadeq Al-Kazem'', Ambassador of [[Iran]] to [[Iraq]], wrote in a tweet: Once again, the mask fell from the face of the West that was hidden behind a lie called freedom of speech. He added: The West uses the lie of freedom of speech unilaterally to insult the beliefs of nearly two billion [[Muslims]] on planet Earth; this time the Holy Quran was insulted in Sweden so that the fake civilization based on decline approaches its end.

==== Expulsion of Sweden's Ambassador from Islamic Countries ====
[[Sayyid Hassan Nasrallah]], Secretary-General of [[Hezbollah Lebanon]], in response to the repeated desecration of the Holy Quran said: Muslim nations must ask their governments to expel Sweden's ambassadors in these countries and themselves hold sit-ins after Friday prayers. While requesting the Government of Lebanon to withdraw its ambassador from Sweden, he stated: The Government of Lebanon must expel Sweden's ambassador in protest of the desecration of Muslim sanctities. The Secretary-General of Hezbollah Lebanon, referring to the fact that every Muslim must fulfill their responsibility towards the Islamic Ummah, said: It seems that [[Mossad]] is behind this sedition. After the end of the term of Sweden's ambassador in Iran, currently this country does not have an ambassador in Iran.

==== Combating Islamophobia, Xenophobia, Racism ====
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of [[Turkey]], issuing a statement while condemning the desecration of the Holy Quran in Sweden in the strongest terms, stated: After the hateful attack on the Quran in front of a mosque in Stockholm on June 28 (July 7), the Human Rights Council of the [[United Nations|UN]] in a resolution approved on July 12 (July 21); according to that resolution, attack on the Quran should be considered religious hatred.

== Message from Iran's Leader ==
The [[Supreme Leader of the Revolution]] issued a message regarding the insult to the Holy Quran as follows:

'''"In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful"'''

Insult to the sacred presence of the Holy Quran in Sweden is a bitter, conspiratorial, and dangerous incident. The severest punishment for the perpetrator of this crime is agreed upon by all Islamic scholars, and the Government of Sweden must also know that by supporting the criminal, it has taken a war stance against the Islamic world and attracted the hatred and enmity of all Muslim nations and many of their governments towards itself. It is the duty of that government to hand over the perpetrator of the crime to the judicial systems of Islamic countries. The conspirators behind the scenes should also know that the sanctity and grandeur of the Holy Quran will increase day by day and the lights of its guidance will become more brilliant; plots like this and their perpetrators are too insignificant to be able to prevent this increasing brilliance. And Allah is Dominant over His affair.

[[Sayyid Ali Hosseini Khamenei|Sayyid Ali Khamenei]]

31 Tir 1402 (July 22, 2023)

== Statement by the Approximation Assembly ==
Following the desecration of the Quran, the [[World Assembly of Approximation between Islamic Sects]] issued a statement as follows:
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
'''{{متن قرآن|کِتابٌ أَنْزَلْناهُ إِلَیْکَ لِتُخْرِجَ النَّاسَ مِنَ الظُّلُماتِ إِلَی النُّورِ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ إِلی‏ صِراطِ الْعَزیزِ الْحَمیدِ|سوره =ابراهیم|آیه = 1}}'''. The repeated audacity of the enemies of the [[Religion]] of God against the sacred book of the world's [[Muslims]] (the Holy Quran) shows the continuation of organized hostility towards [[Islam]] and disregard for the beliefs and sanctities of hundreds of millions of Muslims on this planet. This move, which is an inhuman, unethical action and contrary to international laws, is carried out by unidentified individuals with the support of Western and [[Zionist]] planners and politicians with the aim of de-religionizing and creating doubt in the beliefs and faiths of God-worshippers in all [[Divine Religions]]. The insulting mercenaries and their masters behind the scenes have for centuries seen the teachings of Revelation as a strong barrier against their excesses and aggressions and occasionally ignite a fire on the sacred papers of God's Word by creating a disgusting and futile show. Unaware that the Word of God encompasses the entire heart and thought of the [[Islamic Ummah]] and such propaganda shows will not reduce the devotion of monotheists to the Divine verses in the slightest and, contrary to the wish of the ill-wishers, will accelerate the movement of believers towards happiness. '''{{متن قرآن|الَّذی أَرْسَلَ رَسُولَهُ بِالْهُدی‏ وَ دینِ الْحَقِّ لِیُظْهِرَهُ عَلَی الدِّینِ کُلِّهِ وَ لَوْ کَرِهَ الْمُشْرِکُونَ|سوره =توبه|آیه = 33}}'''. The members of the World Assembly of Approximation between Islamic Sects once again decisively condemn the norm-breaking action of insulting the holy book of the Islamic Ummah, which was carried out with the support of the police of Sweden and Denmark, and request a serious, effective, and deterrent reaction from international legal assemblies.

== Ahmed al-Tayeb's Response to the Letter from the Head of Seminaries ==
[[Ahmed al-Tayeb]], Sheikh of [[Al-Azhar]] Egypt, in response to the letter from the Head of Seminaries of the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]], expressed hope that the insult to the '''Holy Quran''' would become a motivation for resolving differences and unity of word among Muslims. He announced in a statement that he received the letter of ''Ayatollah Alireza A'rafi'', Head of the Seminaries of the Islamic Republic of Iran, with complete satisfaction and welcome. He stated that this inhuman and uncivilized incident should be a motivation for resolving differences and unity of word among [[Muslims]] in the East and West to stand against challenges that threaten their security and sanctities. He also emphasized his determination and will to hold Islamic dialogues between scholars of [[Islam]] around the world regardless of their religious and sectarian differences with the aim of creating [[Unity]] and acquaintance and staying away from factors of sedition and differences. He added that he continues to fulfill his mission to support the Religion of Islam and confront any insult to it and is on the lookout for those who intend to insult Muslims and their sanctities. Ahmed al-Tayeb also called on all Arab and Islamic nations to continue boycotting Swedish and Danish goods with the aim of supporting the '''Holy Quran'''.

== Resolution of the Council of Foreign Ministers of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation ==
The Council of Foreign Ministers of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation issued a resolution in an emergency session regarding repeated incidents of desecration of the '''Holy Quran'''. In this resolution, recent heinous aggressions against the '''Holy Quran''' in [[Sweden]] were strongly condemned, and regret was expressed over the repetition of such actions and also the successive issuance of permits to carry out these actions by authorities and the failure to take necessary measures to prevent such acts in Sweden and Denmark. In this meeting, the failure of Swedish and Danish authorities to take measures to prevent the repetition of such actions was declared contrary to Security Council Resolution 2686 of the [[United Nations]] regarding tolerance, peace, and international security. It was also decided that a delegation led by the Secretary-General of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation be sent to invite the European Union Commission to express the strong condemnation of the member countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation regarding the crimes of desecration of the '''Holy Quran''' and ask them to take necessary measures to prevent the repetition of such criminal acts under the pretext of freedom of speech. Any attempt to desecrate the '''Holy Quran''' and other holy books, values, and symbols of [[Islam]] and other religions under the cover of freedom of speech was condemned, which is contrary to Articles 19 and 20 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the international community was asked to stand against these provocative efforts. In this meeting, repeated crimes of desecration of the Holy Quran, which aroused the anger of about two billion Muslims around the world, were condemned, and ministers demanded the immediate cessation and criminalization of such provocative extremist actions and emphasized the necessity of respecting religious texts and symbols and promoting a culture of peace<ref>Study the full text at: https://taqrib.ir/fa/n12577</ref>.

== See Also ==
* [[Muslim]]
* [[Shia]]
* [[Sunni]]

== Footnotes ==
{{پانویس}}

== Sources ==
* See: Mizan News Agency.
* See: Website for Preserving and Publishing the Works of Ayatollah Khamenei.
* [[Taqrib News Agency]].

{{قرآن کریم}}

[[Category:Books]]
[[Category:Heavenly Books]]
[[Category:Quran]]

[[fa:قرآن]]

Zabur

2026-04-26T08:28:38Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

'''Zabur''' is the name of one of the [[Heavenly Books|heavenly books]] which, according to the narration of the [[Quran]] and traditions, was revealed to [[David|Prophet David (peace be upon him)]], one of the prophets of the Children of Israel. This book is full of admonition, wisdom, and supplication to the Lord. The name Zabur is mentioned three times in the Quran, in the surahs of Nisa, Anbiya, and Isra. Some researchers have equated the Zabur mentioned by the Quran with the Psalms in the [[Old Testament]]. This book is in the [[Hebrew language]] and was revealed after the [[Torah]]<ref> Adapted from the book ''A'lam al-Quran'', written by Mohammad Khaza'ili, pp. 346 and 347</ref><ref>Hosseini Dashti, Sayyed Mustafa, ''Ma'arif wa Ma'arif'', 3/1113</ref>.

== Meaning of Zabur in Lexicon and Terminology ==
In lexicon, Zabur means writing and book, and in terminology, it refers to the book that was revealed to Prophet David (peace be upon him).

== Reason for Naming ==
It is stated in narrative sources: Since this book was revealed as a written collection on tablets, it was named Zabur<ref> Allamah Majlisi, Mohammad Baqir, ''Bihar al-Anwar'', Vol. 33, p. 14</ref>. Some researchers believe that Zabur is taken from the Hebrew root "Zamara," which means power, as well as voice or song, and some have considered Zabur to mean written<ref> Tabatabai, Sayyed Mohammad Hossein, ''Al-Mizan'', Persian Translation, Qom, Vol. 5, p. 229</ref>.

== Zabur in the Quran ==
As indicated, the Quran has mentioned Zabur in the surahs of Nisa, Isra, and Anbiya:

«إِنَّا أَوْحَیْنا إِلَیْکَ کَما أَوْحَیْنا إِلی‏ [[Noah|نُوحٍ]] وَ النَّبِیِّینَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَ أَوْحَیْنا إِلی‏ [[Abraham|إِبْراهیمَ]] وَ [[Ishmael|إِسْماعیلَ]] وَ [[Isaac|إِسْحاقَ]] وَ [[Jacob|یَعْقُوبَ]] وَ [[Descendants|الْأَسْباطِ]] وَ [[Jesus|عیسی‏]] وَ [[Job|أَیُّوبَ]] وَ [[Jonah|یُونُسَ]] وَ [[Aaron|هارُونَ]] وَ [[Solomon|سُلَیْمانَ]] وَ آتَیْنا داوُدَ زَبُورا»<ref> Surah Nisa, Verse 163</ref>: Indeed, We have sent revelation to you just as We sent revelation to Noah and the prophets after him, and (also) to Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and the Descendants [Children of Israel] and Jesus and Job and Jonah and Aaron and Solomon, and We gave David the Zabur.

«وَ رَبُّکَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنْ فِی السَّماواتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ وَ لَقَدْ فَضَّلْنا بَعْضَ النَّبِیِّینَ عَلی‏ بَعْضٍ وَ آتَیْنا داوُدَ زَبُوراً»<ref> Surah Isra, Verse 55</ref>: Your Lord knows best those who are in the heavens and the earth, and (if We have preferred you over others, it is due to your merit). We have preferred some prophets over others, and We gave David the Zabur.

«وَ لَقَدْ کَتَبْنا فِی الزَّبُورِ مِنْ بَعْدِ الذِّکْرِ أَنَّ الْأَرْضَ یَرِثُها عِبادِیَ الصَّالِحُون»<ref> Surah Anbiya, Verse 105</ref>: We wrote in the Zabur after the Remembrance (Torah) that My righteous servants will inherit the (government of the) earth.

== Types of Heavenly Books ==
It is understood from the verses of the Quran and Islamic traditions that heavenly books are of two kinds; the first kind consists of books that include a new religion and Sharia along with specific rulings, these types of books were revealed to the [[Ulul Azm prophets]]. The second kind consists of books that did not proclaim a new Sharia, but rather contain admonitions, advice, recommendations, and prayers, and the book of Zabur of David is of the second kind. In Shia exegesis, it is pointed out that the Zabur did not propose a specific Sharia or new religion, but rather contained admonitions, advice, guidance, recommendations, and prayers<ref> See, Makarem Shirazi, Naser, ''Tafsir-e Namuna'', Vol. 4, p. 214</ref>. Moreover, the Zabur of David possesses a special feature among other books of the prophets, as it is completely comprised of supplication and advice.
It is explicitly stated in the Quran that We have granted the Zabur to Prophet David (peace be upon him), but some [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] exegetes have said that the purpose of Zabur is absolute books that were revealed to prophets<ref> Suyuti, Jalal al-Din, ''Tafsir al-Jalalayn'', Beirut, Published by Al-Nour Foundation for Publications, Year 1416, First Edition, p. 334</ref>. However, in Shia exegesis, it is stated that there is no acceptable evidence for this claim<ref> Tabatabai, Sayyed Mohammad Hossein, Translation of ''Tafsir al-Mizan'', Vol. 14, p. 465 </ref>.

== Zabur in Traditions ==
[[Abu Dharr Ghiffari]] narrates from the Prophet (peace be upon him and his progeny) that His Holiness said: Zabur is one of the 104 books that were revealed to the people of the world<ref> Sheikh Tabarsi, Fadl ibn Hasan, ''Majma' al-Bayan'', Vol. 10, p. 476</ref>.

== Distortion of the Zabur ==
According to the admission of [[Jews]] and [[Christians]], a little more than seventy psalms out of one hundred and fifty Psalms of the Zabur are attributed to Prophet David (peace be upon him) and other psalms were added to it in later times<ref> ''Qamus-e Kitab-e Moghaddas'', 796-800.</ref><ref> ''Tarikh-e Mokhtasar-e Adyan-e Bozorg'', pp. 279-280.</ref>.

== Footnotes ==
{{پانویس }}

[[رده:کتاب‌ها]]
[[رده:کتاب‌های آسمانی]]

[[ar:زبور]]
[[fa:زبور]]
[[ur:زبور]]

Pope Robert F.

2026-04-25T09:19:06Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox person
| title = Pope Robert F
| image = پاپ رابرت اف.jpg
| name = Pope Robert F
| other_names = {{Flatlist| Robert F. Prevost| Leo XIV}}
| birth_year = 1955 AD
| birth_date = 14 September
| birth_place = {{Flatlist| [[United States|America]]| Chicago}}
| death_year =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| teachers =
| students =
| religion = [[Christianity]]
| denomination = [[Catholicism]]
| works =
| activities = {{Flatlist| Pope of the Catholic Church and Sovereign of the Vatican City State from 8 May 2025 AD| President of the "Dicastery for Bishops"| Superior General or "Prior General" of the Augustinian religious order| Missionary and later Archbishop}}
| website =
}}

'''Pope Robert F''', with the papal name '''"Leo XIV"''', an American-Peruvian national, is the current Pope of the Catholic Church and Sovereign of the Vatican City State following the death of [[Pope Francis]] on 21 April 2025 AD. He was elected to this position on 8 May 2025 AD, upon the appearance of white smoke from the chimney of the Sistine Chapel on the second day of the '''"Cardinals"'''{{efn|'''Cardinal''' is a senior ecclesiastical official and the highest-ranking Catholic official after the '''Pope'''. Cardinals wear a red cassock and a red hat. Cardinals are also responsible for electing the Pope<ref>Maurice Simashko, translated by Mehdi Sahabi, ''Mazdak''.</ref>. The hierarchical order of ecclesiastical offices by authority is:
# "Pope";
# "Cardinal";
# "Archbishop";
# "Bishop";
# "Priest";
# "Deacon".}} conclave. His previous roles include President of the "Dicastery for Bishops" in the Vatican, Bishop of Chiclayo, another city in Peru, from 2014 AD to 2023 AD, Superior General or "Prior General" of the Augustinian religious order, and missionary and later Archbishop in Peru. Pope Leo XIV is known as a moderate figure who seeks to bridge the gap between conservative and liberal tendencies within the [[Church]]. In his first address, he emphasized peace and unity, saying: '''"Peace be with you all!"'''.

==Biography==
Pope Robert F, known as "Leo XIV", was born on 14 September 1955 AD in Chicago, [[United States|America]]. In addition to American citizenship, he is also a citizen of Peru, a country where he served for many years as a missionary and later as Archbishop. This dual cultural experience is considered one of his unique characteristics among the cardinals and has drawn attention.

==Background==
* Pope of the Catholic Church and Sovereign of the Vatican City State from 8 May 2025 AD;
* President of the "Dicastery for Bishops" in the Vatican;
* Bishop of Chiclayo, another city in Peru, from 2014 AD to 2023 AD;
* Superior General or "Prior General" of the Augustinian religious order;
* Missionary and later Archbishop in Peru<ref>[https://fa.abna24.com/news/1556200/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE-%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D8%AF-%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%81-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE-% The new Pope introduced / Robert F. Prevost, the first American Pope, website of the Ahlul Bayt International News Agency; ABNA]. </ref>.

==Confidant of Pope Francis==
Pope Robert F was summoned to the Vatican in 2023 AD by [[Pope Francis]] and appointed President of the "Dicastery for Bishops", a powerful office responsible for reviewing and selecting episcopal candidates from around the world. This appointment indicated the deep trust [[Pope Francis]] had in him and Prevost's special position within the Vatican's decision-making structure.

==More than an American==
The longstanding taboo against electing a Pope from the [[United States|United States]], due to that country's geopolitical power, has always been a major challenge. However, Italian media have given Prevost the title "the least American of Americans". Years of living and serving in Peru and holding citizenship of that country have given him a more international profile and lessened this challenge for him.

==Global Leadership Experience==
Prevost had previously been elected for two terms as the Superior General or "Prior General" of the Augustinian religious order, an order founded in the 13th century by Saint Augustine. This leadership experience in a global religious organization has provided him with valuable experience for managing the complex affairs of the Vatican and sets him apart. A significant portion of his activities were within Augustinian missionary teams, where he gained particular renown and credibility for his multifaceted efficiency and his ability to provide moderate leadership between left-leaning bishops inclined towards "liberation theology" and conservatives influenced by "Opus Dei", successfully maintaining balance.

==Management of the Dicastery for Bishops in the Vatican==
In the last two years, through his strong management of the "Dicastery for Bishops" in the Vatican, he has solidified his reputation as an effective administrator. This position has placed him in direct contact with the global hierarchy of the Catholic Church and created an extensive network for him.

==Heir to the Francis Reforms==
Prevost's election can be seen as consolidating the legacy of [[Pope Francis]], but with greater emphasis on quiet competence and managerial skill rather than charismatic fervor. This approach could be a reassuring and encouraging option for many of the elector cardinals seeking stability and continuity of reforms.

==Modernism in Action==
[[File:پاپ رابرت اف 1.jpg|frameless|right|]]

During his tenure in Rome, although he maintained a low-profile public presence, he played a key role in one of Pope Francis's most revolutionary reforms: adding three women to the voting body that decides on presenting episcopal candidates to the Pope. This action demonstrates his open and modernist outlook.
Despite concerns about Prevost's relatively young age and the possibility of a long papacy, the majority of elector cardinals overlooked these worries. His election as the first Pope from the [[United States|United States]] is a historic transformation for the [[Catholic]] Church, and the [[Christianity|Christian]] world will follow the future with curiosity<ref>[https://www.sharghdaily.com/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86-219/1004383-%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE-%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE-%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA Who is the first American Pope in history?, Shargh Network website].</ref>.

== Pope of the Catholic Church and Sovereign of the Vatican City State==
Robert Francis Prevost was elected as Pope of the Catholic Church and Sovereign of the Vatican City State on 8 May 2025 AD, following the death of [[Pope Francis]] on 21 April 2025 AD. This election occurred after white smoke rose from the chimney of the Sistine Chapel, a sign that the cardinals had reached an agreement on the second day of the secret meeting (conclave). In this meeting, 133 eligible voting cardinals were present, all of whom were sequestered in the Vatican during the conclave. To be elected Pope, a candidate had to secure two-thirds of the votes<ref>[https://www.asriran.com/fa/news/1058304/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7-%D8%A Cardinal "Robert Francis Prevost" from America elected as the new Pope, Asr Iran analytical news site].</ref>.

== Letter from Ayatollah A'rafi to the Pope ==
[[Alireza A'rafi|Ayatollah Alireza A'rafi]], head of Iran's seminaries, in light of the recent American-Zionist crimes against the oppressed nation of Iran and the assassination and martyrdom of Iran's supreme leader, His Eminence Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Hosseini Khamenei, and a number of our country's commanders, sent an important letter to Pope Leo XIV, leader of the world's Catholics, the text of which is as follows;

With a heart full of sorrow and a spirit wounded by the intensity of oppression and injustice, I write this message to you under circumstances where the nation of Iran and the world of Shiism have been plunged into immense and unprecedented mourning. The pen falters in writing and the tongue in speaking, but human and religious duty necessitates that the cry of a nation's victimhood reach the ears of the world, (especially spiritual leaders who call for peace and justice).

As you are aware, in the early hours of Saturday, 9 Esfand 1404 (28 February 2026), America and the usurping Zionist regime, in a devilish alliance, committed a great and unprecedented crime against the independent and Islamic country of Iran.

In this unmanly aggression, which mocked all international laws and humanitarian principles, His Eminence Grand Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei, the supreme authority of the Shiite world and the wise leader of the Islamic Revolution, while performing his duty in his office in Tehran, along with a number of his companions and family members, attained the great blessing of martyrdom at the hands of the enemy. He was a staunch supporter of the rights of minorities, especially Iranian Christians.

However, this unmanly assassination was not merely a simple war crime. The deliberate targeting of the highest religious authority of a denomination with several hundred million followers, who was also held in special esteem by nearly two billion Muslims worldwide—an act considered an unprecedented crime in the history of religions and a clear insult to all followers of divine religions—opens a "new chapter of audacity" whereby any bullying power may in the future consider the life of any spiritual leader a legitimate target!

Undoubtedly, what caused the threats against the life of this great authority over the past decades was his full-fledged and fearless defense of the victimhood of the Palestinian nation and the valiant resistance of the people of Gaza against genocide and occupation; an issue which you yourself have repeatedly and explicitly condemned and called a clear example of the killing of innocents.

On the other hand, simultaneously with this attack, the aggressor regime, with utter barbarity, in a heart-wrenching and unforgettable act that shook the awakened conscience of humanity, targeted a girls' primary school in the city of Minab in an aerial bombardment. In this horrific crime, nearly 170 innocent students aged 8 to 12 were slaughtered.

The images of the bodies of these little angels and their schoolbags and shoes left under the rubble pain the heart of every free human being. Today, defending the children of Minab, like the children of Gaza, is a moral, religious, and human responsibility for all of us to prevent the repetition of such tragedies against children.

You, as the leader of Catholic Christians and a standard-bearer of interfaith dialogue and global peace, have always been a defender of the oppressed and a herald of human dignity. Today, the peace-loving and religious nation of Iran is in agonizing grief before the eyes of the world's awakened consciences.

It is expected that the Holy See, as an independent religious and moral institution, will condemn these heinous crimes, which are clear examples of "war crimes", "crimes against humanity", and "insolence towards the sanctity of religious leaders", with a loud voice and deny any connection between this crime and the compassionate teachings of Christianity.

== Views ==
Pope Leo XIV identified the illusion of absolute power as a factor exacerbating the [[Ramadan War|joint war of America and Israel]] against Iran and called for the establishment of peace. He added: Enough of selfishness and worship of money! Enough of displays of power! Enough of war! In his strongest statement to date, he condemned the illusion of absolute power that fuels the flames of war by the [[United States|United States]] and the [[Zionist Regime|Zionist regime]] against [[Iran]] and called on political leaders to stop and negotiate for peace.

The leader of the world's Catholics, on the same day that [[Iran–United States negotiations 2026|negotiations between Iran and the United States]] began in [[Pakistan]] and coinciding with the establishment of a fragile ceasefire, held an evening prayer service at St. Peter's Basilica.

=== Reactions ===
==== Statement by a Group of Iranian Sunni Scholars ====
His Excellency Robert Francis Prevost

Pope Leo XIV, Supreme Leader of the World's Catholics

May the great and merciful God's peace be upon you and all the free people of the world who, following the teachings of the divine prophets, have adopted steadfastness against the arrogant tyrants and oppressors and, fearlessly, cry out the voice of love, truth-seeking, and defense of the oppressed. Your recent courageous stance against the rebelliousness of the ill-conducted rulers of America and the usurping Zionist regime towards the free people of the world, especially the steadfast and God-believing nations of Iran, [[Lebanon]], and [[Palestine]], reflects Your Excellency's admirable commitment and sense of responsibility in defending truth and providing spiritual guidance to human society against the tyranny of the false and violent pharaohs of our time towards innocent children, women, and men, and will undoubtedly record your name and action among the prominent reformers and influential religious clergy of the present era.

This stance demonstrated to what extent the concern of reforming scholars and true servants of the pure divine religions, including Your Excellency, who carry the call and message of the great Prophet [[Jesus|Jesus Christ (peace be upon him)]], can be effective in raising awareness, awakening human society, and defending ethics and humanity. We, a group of Iranian Sunni religious scholars, while declaring the steadfastness and intolerance of oppression by the general public of Iran, including Muslims and our dear followers of other pure heavenly religions, for our part thank you for your appropriate and courageous stance as the supreme leader of the world's Catholics and hope that under the enlightening teachings of the pure divine religions, human society, by repelling the evil of rebellious arrogant powers and disrupters of peace and friendship, will soon reach the shore of salvation and global oppression and injustice will give way to love, justice, ethics, and development of service to God's servants.

==== Letter from Ayatollah Nouri Hamedani to the Pope ====
Grand Ayatollah Nouri Hamedani wrote in a letter to the leader of the world's Catholics:

Undoubtedly, your courageous stance against American arrogance and corrupt Zionism was among the most necessary positions, which will globally and eternally record your name and conduct. This stance showed that throughout history there have always been insightful scholars from the pure divine religions who defend humanity and human rights, even at great cost to themselves. For our part, we thank you for your rightful stance as the respected leader of the world's Catholics and bearer of the call of Jesus Christ (peace be upon him). It is clear that what you expressed exists in the deepest layers of the religious texts of Islam.
Hoping for the formation of a global coalition of followers of religions based on the teachings of the divine prophets and under the shadow of the appearance of the righteous and universal reformer.

==== Letter from Ayatollah Araki to the Pope ====
His Excellency Pope Leo XIV
Supreme Leader of the Catholic Church

With utmost respect, I write this letter to you under circumstances where your resonant voice in defense of peace and justice shines like a lamp in the darkness of warmongers and power-seekers. In a world where the logic of force has replaced dialogue and the threat of destroying civilizations has become the normal policy of the arrogant and oppressive American president. Your Excellency has risen to the aid of millions of defenseless humans, victims of war, displaced persons, and mothers who have lost their children in the fire of bombardment, and you speak in their support. When you called the threat of "destroying an entire civilization" and "aggression against other countries" "completely unacceptable," you issued not a political statement, but the cry of humanity's moral conscience. Your Excellency demonstrated that following the ''[[Gospel]]'' means standing against the illusion of arrogant power which is the source of wars and insecurities.

The publication of the fake image of [[Donald Trump|Trump]] in the guise of [[Jesus|Jesus Christ (peace be upon him)]] was a blasphemous act and an insult to the sanctities of all divine religions and an assault on the beliefs of billions of Christians and Muslims in the world. You rightly warned that "the message of the Gospel must not be misused." This action shows how far some power-seekers can go in distorting truths and insulting sanctities for self-aggrandizement and deceiving public opinion. But truth can never be covered by lies and insults.

Your Excellency; you proved that the leadership of the Church neither bows before bullies nor remains silent to preserve political interests. The insults and threats of Trump not only do not shake your position but add to the loftiness and honor of your stances. History will remember the men of peace, not those who, by insulting sanctities and threatening civilizations, have left nothing but shame and disgrace for themselves. The insult of [[Donald Trump|Trump]] to the respected leader of the world's Catholics is, in truth, an insult to millions of humans who live in hope of a peaceful life. He thinks that with harsh rhetoric he can silence the voice of conscience; unaware that this insult is a document of the corruption, decadence, and baseness of the insulter and his petty and sick character. In conclusion, we once again value and thank you for this valuable stance and beseech the great God for the establishment of justice and peace throughout the world. [[Mohsen Araki]]
29 Farvardin 1405 [18 April 2026]

== See also ==
* [[Catholicism]]
* [[Christianity]]
* [[Pope Francis]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
* [https://fa.abna24.com/news/1556200/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE-%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D8%AF-%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%81-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE-% The new Pope introduced / Robert F. Prevost, the first American Pope, website of the Ahlul Bayt International News Agency; ABNA], Date of publication: 18 Ordibehesht 1404 SH, Date of viewing: 19 Ordibehesht 1404 SH.
* [https://www.sharghdaily.com/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86-219/1004383-%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%BE-%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE-%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA Who is the first American Pope in history?, Shargh Network website], Date of publication: 18 Ordibehesht 1404 SH, Date of viewing: 19 Ordibehesht 1404 SH.
* [https://www.asriran.com/fa/news/1058304/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7-%D8%A Cardinal "Robert Francis Prevost" from America elected as the new Pope, Asr Iran analytical news site], Date of publication: 18 Ordibehesht 1404 SH, Date of viewing: 19 Ordibehesht 1404 SH.

[[Category:People]]

[[ar:البابا روبرت إف]]
[[fa:پاپ رابرت اف]]
[[ur:پوپ رابرٹ ایف]]

Estonia

2026-04-25T07:50:48Z

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

{{Infobox country
| title = Estonia
| image =
| map_image =
| common_name = Estonia
| full_name = Republic of Estonia
| national_motto =
| national_anthem = ''Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm''<br/>(My Fatherland, My Happiness and Joy)
| capital = {{Horizontal list|Tallinn}}
| largest_city = Tallinn
| official_languages = {{Horizontal list|Estonian}}
| currency = Euro
| area_km2 = 45,227
| population_estimate = 1.366 million (2023 estimate)
| unemployment_rate = 6.3% (2023)
| employment_rate = 74.1% (2023)
| government_type = Parliamentary republic
| head_of_state = President
| head_of_government = Prime Minister
| legislative_body = Riigikogu (unicameral parliament)
| membership = European Union, NATO, OECD
}}

'''Estonia''' (Estonian: ''Eesti'') is a country in Northern [[Europe]] located on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the east by [[Russia]], to the west by the Baltic Sea, and to the south by Latvia. With an area of approximately 45,227 square kilometers, Estonia is the smallest of the Baltic states. The official language is Estonian and its currency is the Euro. Most Estonians are [[Christianity|Christian]], predominantly Protestant, with a small minority adhering to Eastern Orthodoxy. The country is also a member of the [[European Union|European Union]] and [[NATO]].

== Introduction ==
The country of Estonia is located in Northern Europe on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea. With an area of 45,227 square kilometers, it has a population of approximately 1.36 million people. The population density is low. Estonia's climate is humid and cool, of the temperate maritime type, influenced by the Baltic Sea and oceanic currents. Winters are cold and long, while summers are short and mild. The capital is the city of Tallinn, known as one of the world's leading digital capitals. Estonia is famous for its advanced information and communication technology infrastructure and is often referred to as the "Glass Country."

== Geography and Climate ==
Estonia features diverse geography, including coastal areas, dense forests, and flat plains. More than half of the country's area is covered by forests. Due to its geographical location in Northern Europe, the climate is cold and humid. In winter, temperatures can sometimes drop to -32°C, while in summer they rarely exceed 30°C. The country has over 1,500 lakes and approximately 2,200 islands and islets in the Baltic Sea.

== Capital and Major Cities ==
The capital of Estonia is Tallinn, with a population of about 408,000. It is the largest city and the economic, cultural, and political center of the country. Tallinn is located in the north of the country on the coast of the Gulf of Finland. The city has a well-preserved historic center, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognized as one of the best examples of a medieval city in Northern Europe.
Other important cities in Estonia include:
* Tartu: The second-largest city in Estonia, known as the country's scientific and academic center.
* Narva: An industrial city in the east of the country, located on the border with Russia.
* Pärnu
* Viljandi
* Paide

== History ==
Estonia's history dates back to the Neolithic period. Throughout history, this territory has been under the influence and control of various countries, including Denmark, [[Germany]], [[Sweden]], and the Russian Empire. Estonia declared its independence in 1918 following the collapse of the Russian Empire, but in 1940 it was occupied by the Soviet Union and became one of its republics. In 1941, Estonia was occupied by Nazi Germany, but in 1944 it was reoccupied by the Soviet Union. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Estonia regained its independence in 1991 and has since worked to establish its place in the international community.

== Political Structure ==
Estonia is a democratic parliamentary republic. The President, as head of state, is elected by the parliament (Riigikogu) or by an electoral college for a five-year term. Executive power lies with the Prime Minister and the cabinet of ministers, who are approved by parliament. The Estonian parliament (Riigikogu) is a unicameral body with 100 members, elected by the people for a four-year term. Estonia has been a member of the [[European Union]] and [[NATO]] since 2004, and these memberships have played a significant role in the country's security and economic development.

== Economy ==
Estonia's economy is one of the most advanced in Eastern Europe and the Baltic states. After gaining independence, the country implemented rapid and extensive economic reforms, leading to fast economic growth, poverty reduction, and foreign investment attraction. Estonia is an attractive destination for foreign investors due to its free business environment, low taxes, and advanced digital infrastructure.
Key sectors of the Estonian economy include:
* Information and Communication Technology (ICT): Estonia is recognized as a global pioneer in e-government and digital services.
* Telecommunications
* Shipbuilding
* Textiles and clothing
* Agriculture and food industry
* Tourism
Estonia's currency has been the Euro since 2011. The country is also a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO).

== Culture ==
Estonian culture has been shaped by its long history and proximity to Scandinavian and German countries. Estonians are known for their calmness, loyalty, and respect for privacy. The Estonian language is a Finno-Ugric language and is not related to Germanic or Slavic languages.
* Music: Estonian song festivals are world-renowned, and national and folk songs are an important part of the country's cultural identity;
* Nature tourism: Estonians have a great love for nature, and the use of forests and seas for recreation and health is common;
* Education: The level of education in Estonia is very high, and the country ranks well in global educational rankings.

== Relations between Iran and Estonia ==
Relations between the [[Iran|Islamic Republic of Iran]] and the Republic of Estonia have seen developments in recent years. According to published information, in 2016 (1395 SH), significant bilateral activities took place, including the visit of the Estonian Foreign Minister to Iran, visits by economic and trade delegations, and the holding of joint seminars. Also that year, Estonia's ambassador to [[Tehran]] was appointed, and messages were exchanged between the presidents of the two countries<ref>[https://finland.mfa.gov.ir/portal/GeneralCategoryServices/5097 General Information on Iran-Estonia Relations, Website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran]</ref>.
However, in recent months, and in light of regional tensions and international positions, the state of relations has been affected by geopolitical developments. Reports have emerged about the suspension of arms shipments from the [[United States of America|United States]] to Estonia due to regional conditions arising from the [[Ramadan War]], indicating the complexity of security issues in the region on Estonia's defense policies<ref>[https://www.javanonline.ir/fa/news/1353603/ Suspension of US Arms Shipments to Estonia, Javan Online website]</ref>. Furthermore, with the imposition of restrictions on ship transit in the [[Strait of Hormuz]] for European Union member states (including Estonia), significant economic and trade impacts on bilateral relations are expected<ref>[https://www.tabnak.ir/fa/news/1367672/ Ships from these 42 countries are not allowed to pass through the Strait of Hormuz, Tabnak website]</ref>.

=== Iranian Population and Iranian Companies ===
The number of Iranian residents in Estonia is relatively small, consisting mainly of students, researchers, and some investors. The activities of Iranian companies in Estonia have been primarily focused on information technology, e-commerce, and the export of agricultural products. Despite the geographical distance, there is potential for cooperation in digital and environmental fields, although international sanctions and banking restrictions can be obstacles to expanding such cooperation.

== Tourist Attractions ==
* Tallinn: The historic center of Tallinn with its medieval architecture, castles, and historic churches.
* Tartu: The University of Tartu and the Estonian National Museum.
* Lahemaa National Park: A pristine area with forests and wetlands.
* Estonian Islands: Such as Hiiumaa, Saaremaa, and Muhu, suitable for nature tourism and tranquility.
* Vilsandi National Park: Known for its ancient forests and hiking trails.

== Laws and Regulations ==
* Respect for nature and environmental laws is very important in Estonia.
* Careful driving and adherence to traffic laws are mandatory.
* Silence and respect for others' privacy are emphasized in public places and nature.

== Forecasts and Future ==
Estonia, with its focus on the digital economy, innovation, and sustainable development, has a bright future ahead. The country is striving to be recognized as a technology hub in Northern Europe. Additionally, due to its strategic position on the Baltic Sea and membership in NATO and the European Union, Estonia plays a key role in regional security.

== See Also ==
* [[European Union]]
* [[Ramadan War]]
* [[Strait of Hormuz]]
* [[Russia]]
* [[Iran]]
* [[NATO]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
* [https://finland.mfa.gov.ir/portal/GeneralCategoryServices/5097 General Information on Iran-Estonia Relations, Website of the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Helsinki], Date of publication: N.D., Date accessed: 22 April 2026.
* [https://www.tabnak.ir/fa/news/1367672/ Ships from these 42 countries are not allowed to pass through the Strait of Hormuz, Tabnak website], Date of publication: 18 April 2026, Date accessed: 22 April 2026.
* [https://www.javanonline.ir/fa/news/1353603/ Suspension of US Arms Shipments to Estonia, Javan Online website], Date of publication: 21 April 2026, Date accessed: 22 April 2026.

{{Countries of the World}}
[[Category:Countries]]

[[ar:إستونيا]]
[[fa:استونی]]
[[ur:اسٹونیا]]