Wikivahdat - User contributions [en]

Template:Main page/styles.css

2024-05-25T08:14:33Z

Mahdipor: Reverted edits by Mahdipor (talk) to last revision by Wikivahdat

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Template:Main page/styles.css

2024-05-20T14:41:14Z

Mahdipor:

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Template:Main Page /selected image

2024-05-20T09:40:34Z

Mahdipor:

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[[File:سید ابراهیم رئیسی 2.jpg|350px|center]]
<center> Seyyed Ebrahim Raisi, President of Iran </center>
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Template:Main Page /selected image

2024-05-20T09:39:23Z

Mahdipor:

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[[File:سید ابراهیم رئیسی 2.jpg|350px|center]]
<center> Birmingham mosque, England </center>
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Template:Event box/doc

2024-04-20T12:33:39Z

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Template:Event box

2024-04-20T12:30:21Z

Mahdipor:

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2024-04-20T12:28:09Z

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Al-Aqsa Storm

2024-04-18T13:07:23Z

Mahdipor: Mahdipor moved page Draft:Al-Aqsa Storm to Al-Aqsa Storm without leaving a redirect

'''Al-Aqsa Storm''' is an operation that has killed more than a thousand Israelis and injured nearly three thousand of them. The Palestinian Islamic Resistance Movement ([[Hamas]]), according to the statistics of Israeli sources, has also captured about 150 Israeli citizens and soldiers. However, one of the remarkable points of the Al-Aqsa storm operation is the widespread surprise of the Israeli regime in the middle of this operation. This is a big victory for the Palestinian Resistance Movement, especially considering the dominance and continuous aerial surveillance of the [[Gaza Strip]] by [[Israel]]'s intelligence and espionage agencies, as well as the presence of this regime's spies in the mentioned region.

==Al-Aqsa Storm Operation==
[[Palestine]] and especially [[Gaza City]] is going through sensitive days and nights. In these few days, the Zionists suffered blows that have no doubt never been seen in the history of the fake regime. Because Hamas, with a historic and unprecedented attack, caused the entire security equations of the Zionist regime and the regime leaders' understanding of the concept of "security", "control" and "deterrence" to be turned upside down. Now that the Zionists have touched the terror, death, war, and insecurity from the depths of their being, it is appropriate to ask them: Can you imagine you have imposed what is unbearable for you in 24 hours, on Palestinian people over a very long time?
In this article, we discuss how important the psychological and security aspects of the Al-Aqsa storm are, from the point of view of Israelis and their understanding of security and insecurity.

====The Backgrounds of Al-Aqsa Storm====
* The first background: The current cabinet of the Zionist regime has been the most radical and extremist cabinet during the existence of this regime. It claims that it will finalize the fate of many cases that the previous cabinets were unable to finalize regarding the conflict with the Palestinians. This cabinet has followed programs of Judaization and deportation of Palestinians and military aggression in all its forms and the most extreme racist strategies against Palestinians;
* The second background: the continuation of the siege of Gaza as the longest and largest prison in history and the attempt to create an equation of peace for the economy and the non-recognition of the Hamas movement;
* The third background: the sharp increase in the number of Palestinian detainees and prisoners and the application of racist laws and their renewed repression by the Jewish extremist minister "Itmar Ben Goyer" as far as the number of administrative detainees, which is the worst type of illegal imprisonment, has reached more than 1,200;
* The fourth background: the news about the progress of negotiations, mediated by the United States, to normalize relations between Saudi Arabia and the Zionist regime and to completely ignore the aspiration of the Palestinian people.
* The fifth background: Obtaining information that showed that the Israeli army sought to carry out a large-scale attack against the Gaza Strip after the end of the Eid ceremony in the occupied territories.

====Important Achievements of the Palestinian Resistance Movement in Al-Aqsa Storm Operation====
Hamas' attack on Israel was like escaping from prison and had many achievements, including:
* Creating a revolution for those disappointed in Gaza and those disappointed by the victory of Hamas in Palestine;
* Giving a clear answer to Israel's extremist cabinet headed by Netanyahu;
* The failure of the project of naturalization and normalization of relations with Israel by Saudi Arabia and...;
* The response to the continuous Israeli attacks on Al-Aqsa Mosque and the massacre of Palestinians in the West Bank in the shadow of the silence of the Arab and Western countries;
* Causing irreparable damage to the economy and an irreparable blow to the Zionist regime;
* Collapsing the theory of deterrence and invincibility of Israel;
* Causing a very big failure for the entire security and intelligence flow of Israel;
* Introducing Hamas as the legitimate and national voice of the Palestinians;
* Increasing the credibility of Hamas and attracting the support of supporters of Palestine;
* Exposing the treacherous policies of the Palestinian Authority headed by Mahmoud Abbas;
* Showing Israel's growing oppression of Palestinians and exposing its racial cleansing plan;
* Causing failure of the policies of the United States and other major world powers;
* Disrupting America's plan of the deal of the century and the "Abraham" agreement (agreements between the Arabs and the Zionist regime);
* Preparing the pressure of Muslim nations on Arab countries related to Israel, such as Egypt, Jordan, etc.;
* Laying the groundwork for prisoner exchange (getting a trump card for prisoner exchange)
* Taking revenge for the violence against Palestinian civilians by the Zionists;
* Disturbing the alleged peace of America.
* US National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan said last week that the Middle East has reached a reassuring level of peace and stability.
* Charles Freeman, the former assistant minister of defense and the former US ambassador to Saudi Arabia, has
acknowledged some of these cases.

==Irreparable Blow==
On the 18th of Mehr, in response to the events of the 15th Mehr of occupied Palestine, [[Sayyid Ali Husayni Khamenei|the Leader of the Revolution of Iran]] said: "In this issue of the 15th Mehr, the usurper Zionist regime suffered an irreparable defeat, both militarily and in terms of information. Everyone mentioned the failure, my emphasis is on "irreparable". I say that this devastating earthquake has managed to destroy some of the main structures of this usurper regime's governance, and rebuilding those structures is not possible so easily. It is unlikely that the usurper Zionist regime will be able to restore those structures despite all the hype it is doing and all the support it receives from the Westerners in the world today.

I would like to say that since Saturday, the 15th of Mehr, the Zionist regime is no longer the previous Zionist regime, and the blow it received cannot be compensated for so easily." Experience has shown that it is not easy to analyze the mental geometry of the leader of the revolution during events. An example is the [[33-day war]]. He promised victory at a moment when [[Hezbollah]]'s victory over the Zionist regime's war machine was unimaginable. A promise that even General Soleimani, as the Iranian commander present in Hezbollah's battle with the Zionist army, could not imagine!

==Psychological Security Shock==
One of the most important dimensions and aspects of the recent attack by Hamas on the Zionists is the provision of a new historical and psychological opportunity to understand the facts related to the lives of Palestinians. For several decades, the Zionist regime's army has brought great disasters on the Palestinian people which is now easier to be understood after the epochal operation of the Al-Aqsa storm.

The Palestinians have not tortured the Zionists and have not closed the gate of food and goods to them. They have only fought in a war that has been completely unequal in terms of financial and military facilities, and the main weapons of the fighters in this epochal battle have been will and faith. But Israel has used all kinds of tools and crimes not only against the armed fighters, but also against the Palestinian people, and has managed a war in which there are no moral and human limits. However, the Zionists themselves not only did not understand this difficult situation of the Palestinian people; but also they occupied their lands with ease and continued to build houses on other people's land. Palestinians, for several decades, have faced displacement, poverty, embargo, hunger, oppression, violence, murder and torture. But the Zionists have accumulated wealth and have always supported the crimes of the army and [[Mossad]]. But now the situation is not the same as the past for the Zionists.

Now the Zionists can also understand what the attack means and what a great tragedy it is to lose family members. Now they also can understand how much hardships and suffering are faced by defenseless people under difficult conditions. This is what psychologists refer to as identification. It means that there is an opportunity and possibility for us to be in a difficult situation and from the depths of our soul and understanding, reach a new evaluation of the situation of those who have already gone through the same event. For example, someone who sends help to an earthquake victim from hundreds of kilometers away may understand the dire situation of the earthquake victim, but he is sitting in a strong house with a roof over his head. He has not faced hunger, cold, heat and uncertainty. But when he suffers from an earthquake, he will understand what a difficult situation his fellow man has gone through in the past.

Of course, all this is in a situation where the Zionists, unlike the Palestinians, cannot understand what a difficult ordeal the occupation of the homeland by "another" is. What the Zionists understood in these few days was a deep sense of "insecurity". The same feeling that have a long life for the oppressed people of Palestine and they have always felt it because of the show of power and the crimes of the Zionist army.

Although these days the people of Israel have understood the insecurity and fear to the bone; now the Zionist regime uses the old tactic of sanctions to intimidate and frighten the Palestinians. Gaza has long been known as the world's largest open-roof prison, and the blockade and embargo of water, electricity, and food against its people is not an event that is strange and unexpected for the oppressed Palestinian citizens.

===Investigating the Causes of Israel's Intelligence Failure in This Operation===
While the Israeli military has increased its counterattacks on the Gaza Strip, the question is how the Islamist group Hamas was able to use bulldozers, paragliders, and motorcycles to carry out the largest attack in 50 years against one of the most powerful military and security forces in the Middle East. This operation was exactly the worst-case scenario that Israel's intelligence and military officials were supposed to worry about and plan to prevent it.

On Saturday, October 7, 2023, at around 6:30 am local time, Hamas fired more than 3,000 rockets and sent 1,000 fighters across the Gaza border into Israeli settlements. Despite the scale and scope of the attack, reports state that Israeli security officials claimed to have had no specific warning that Hamas was preparing a sophisticated attack that would require coordinated ground, air, and sea attacks. Many political and military analysts have criticized Israel for its intelligence failure to anticipate the attack, but the success of Hamas's surprise attack was also an operational weakness.

===Information limitations===
The attack by Hamas is not the first one that a government disastrously fails to predict and identify. [[Japan]] launched a deadly surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. It destroyed the Pacific Fleet, and subsequently, Franklin Roosevelt declared war, which eventually led to the creation of the Central Intelligence Agency. Also, the CIA and other US intelligence agencies missed 23 opportunities to disrupt the 9/11 [[Al-Qaeda|al-Qaeda]] attack that killed nearly 3,000 people. Israel itself was caught off guard almost 50 years ago, when Egyptian and Syrian forces attacked it during the Jewish holiday, igniting the Yom Kippur War.

Of course, it's possible that Hamas was more lucky than skilled and did nothing significant to hide its intentions or capabilities. For example, research into 9/11 showed that al-Qaeda terrorists did not need fictitious counterintelligence schemes or even fake names to succeed. They just needed the CIA and the FBI to do business as usual. As the Cold War ended and the terrorist threat increased in the 1990s, intelligence agencies failed to adapt their structure, motivations, and culture to identify and defeat a new enemy. As a result, the CIA and FBI missed nearly two dozen opportunities to infiltrate and possibly stop 9/11. One of the main reasons for the failure was that before 9/11, there was no formal training, clear process, or priority for warning other intelligence agencies about dangerous terrorists who might travel to the [[United States]].

Currently, most analysts don't know exactly why the Israelis failed to detect the attack of Hamas, and it could take months for the Israelis to answer that question. Historically, Israel has been perhaps one of the best actors in the world at infiltrating its adversary organizations, which are admittedly difficult to penetrate. Israel has designed a defense plan that relies on intercepting missile attacks, border crossings, and early warning. But this defensive plan can do some of the work. Another key part is understanding the enemy's way of thinking and acting, and perhaps that's where the Israelis suffer a more significant weakness.

The Iron Wall, the 64-kilometer security wall that separates Gaza from Israel, was completed in 2021 for $1.1 billion. This wall includes a 609 cm high sensor-equipped fence, hundreds of cameras, and automatic machine guns that fire when the sensors go off. However, the wall was not effective against the surprise attack of Hamas. Hamas was able to cross the wall at several points around Gaza and continue its attacks without initial resistance. Israel's border surveillance system relies almost entirely on remotely operated cameras, sensors, and machine guns. The Israeli commanders were too confident in the impregnability of this system. They thought that a combination of remote surveillance and weaponry, high-ground barriers, and an underground wall to prevent Hamas from digging tunnels into Israel would make mass infiltration unlikely and reduce the need to deploy significant numbers of troops along the border. With this system in place, the army began reducing the number of troops there and moving them to other areas of concern, including the West Bank. Breaking this barrier was easier than what Israeli officials expected.

Likewise, Israel built its own Iron Dome, an air defense system to protect Israelis from rocket attacks from Gaza. the dome, which was completed in 2011, cost $1.5 billion for US and Israeli governments. Before the surprise attack by Hamas, this defense system was between 90 and 97 percent successful. Iron Dome worked well when the fighters fired relatively few rockets, but it was less effective against the October 7 attack by Hamas. When Hamas fired 3,000 rockets at Israel in just 20 minutes, the system was not able to respond to a significant degree. According to the Modern Warfare Institute's analysis, this amount was too many for Iron Dome to function optimally.

Before Hamas attacked Israel at dawn on Saturday, the Israeli intelligence agency detected increased activity in some of the Gazan militant networks that it monitors. According to two senior Israeli security officials, agents realized something unusual was happening and sent an alert to Israeli soldiers guarding the Gaza border. But this warning was not heeded, either because the soldiers did not receive it or because the soldiers did not read it.

Soon after, Hamas sent drones to knock out some of the IDF's cell phone stations and surveillance towers along the border to prevent officers from monitoring with video cameras. The drones also destroyed remote-controlled machine guns that Israel had installed on its border fortifications, eliminating a key tool for countering a ground attack. This made it easier for Hamas attackers to approach and blow up sections of the border fence, allowing the attackers to slip through gaps with ease in several places. Infiltrating more than 20 settlements and bases of the Israeli army in that attack was the worst violation of Israel's defense in the past 50 years and seriously challenged the sense of security of this government. For hours, one of the strongest armies in the Middle East was left weak and powerless to deal with hostile forces, leaving villages defenseless for most of the day and fighters spread across more than 70 square kilometers of Jewish state territory.

===Why Did Israel Fail?===
In the coming days and weeks, special investigations will examine what went wrong in Israel and what lessons the Jewish state needs to learn. To do so, analysts must determine whether it was the intelligence agencies that failed, or whether intelligence officers hid Hamas' plans only to ignore policymakers. They must find out whether Israeli intelligence agencies have understood that Hamas' capabilities are changing or not. And they must determine the potential impact of Israel's domestic political crisis on enemy perceptions and actions. They will also need to assess whether Israeli intelligence officials have over-relied on technology or not and finally, they must understand what Hamas has done right. According to intelligence experts, the success of this attack, based on the initial assessment, is rooted in the security failure of the intelligence community and the Israeli army, which includes the following:

Failure of the intelligence officers to monitor key communication channels used by the attackers;
Over-reliance on border surveillance equipment that was easily thwarted by the attackers, allowing them to attack military bases and inflict casualties;
The gathering of some commanders in a border base that was attacked in the initial stage of the invasion and prevented communication with the rest of the armed forces;
The willingness to accept the false and staged statements of Gaza's military leaders, made in private channels of communication, and the Palestinians knew they were being monitored by Israel; Therefore, the Israeli forces thought that they were not preparing for the battle. Hamas stayed out of two wars last year, allowing Palestinian Islamic Jihad, a smaller armed group in Gaza, to face Israel on its own. Hamas also ended a period of unrest along the Gaza border in a deal brokered by Qatar, giving the impression that it is not seeking an escalation. On the other hand, when Israeli intelligence officials briefed senior security chiefs about the most immediate threats to the defense, they focused on the dangers posed by Lebanese militias along Israel's northern border and greatly underestimated the challenges posed by Hamas.

The question facing Israel is whether this intelligence disaster was primarily a failure to warn or a failure to act. The number one mission of intelligence organizations is to prevent strategic surprise. But for intelligence success, warnings and information gathering are not enough; ultimately policymakers must act. The events that happen in an intelligence agency's own country can also change the perceptions and behavior of the enemy. Israeli intelligence agencies may not have known that the unprecedented domestic political crisis was perceived by its enemies, including Hamas, and that this crisis may have contributed to the success of the Hamas attack. Thus, this internal turmoil has weakened Israel's deterrence power not only by affecting enemy perceptions but also by eroding Israel's intelligence capabilities and military preparedness.

It seems that the attack of Hamas was neither very sophisticated and innovative nor completely simple and primitive. The type of operation required careful planning, coordination, timing, and training, and basically, this type of attack was something the Israelis could have expected and should have anticipated, even if it didn't happen on the scale it did. It was the failure and operational weakness amid a wide range of logistical and intelligence failures by Israel's security services that paved the way for Hamas to invade southern Israel. These consequences are a serious blow to Israel's security and also damage its reputation in the region as a reliable military partner. Israel was a strategic asset for some countries in the region in terms of security, and now it is obvious that Israel also has serious weaknesses.

Israel's security services do not dispute the extent of their initial failure, But they say that only after the end of the war can it be seriously and carefully examined. Sun Tzu, the ancient Chinese military theorist, emphasizes the importance of knowing the enemy and says in a phrase from the book Art of War: "If you know the enemy and know yourself, you don't need to fear the outcome of a hundred battles'. Perhaps the problem with the Israelis and many modern intelligence agencies is that instead of knowing the goals of their adversaries subjectively and having a deeper understanding of how they think and function, they have become overly dependent on operational and tactical intelligence. This understanding may not prevent the next surprise attack, but it can help prepare each actor's military and security capabilities. Finally, it should be noted that when intelligence agencies focus their analysis on foreign adversaries' understandings, the quality of domestic politics and its problems may embolden adversary actors and alter their risk-reward calculations.

====Herzliya Reichsmann University Conference====
On the 20th of Shahrivar, at the conference of Herzliya Reichman University, "David Barnia", the head of the Zionist intelligence agency (Mossad), seriously threatened Iran and said that it was time for [[Iran]] to pay differently. What Barnia meant by this ransom was the operation in Iran to assassinate senior officials; Operation in the heart of Tehran! Zion's eyes were staring at [[Tehran]]. Unaware of the fact that the resistance forces encircled Gaza, under the eyes of the three intelligence agencies of the Zionist regime (Aman, Shabak, and Mossad), were planning a major earthquake in the 75-year-old history of the Zionist occupation.

==A Message to the World==
Al-Aqsa storm operation has clear messages for the world:
* First, the Palestinians can easily threaten the security of the Zionist regime.
* Second, according to Riyad Mansour, the Palestinian ambassador to the United Nations, everything is clear now.
Riyad Mansour quoted Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese as saying: "Continuing to suppress a population with complete immunity will lead to disaster, and this is what is happening." The international system and especially the Western countries, for several decades, remained silent against Israel's crimes and granted complete immunity to the Zionists. Also, they ignored the oppression Palestinians have faced. But now they can see that the Palestinian fighters, in an epochal moment, have embarked on a daring operation to save themselves from that oppression and great crimes. An operation that has attracted the attention of the whole world and especially the attention of military and security experts.

The head of the political bureau of the Hamas movement said that the people of Gaza have a deep attachment to their land and will not leave Gaza or go anywhere else.

==Ismail Haniyeh, the head of Hamas's political office==
The Palestinian Islamic Resistance Movement made history with the Al-Aqsa storm operation, and this operation will be the beginning of the fall of usurpers from our land. [[Ismail Haniyeh|Haniyeh]] further said: The usurping Zionists have resorted to killing the oppressed and innocent people of Palestine to compensate for the defeat and disgrace they have faced through the [[Izz al-Din al-Qassam]] battalions. Ismail Haniyeh said: "The cowardly army of the Zionist regime does not have the strength to compete with our brave and courageous soldiers, that's why they start killing." He added: With the comprehensive support of America and the West, despite the actions of the despotic enemy, we will resume the strategy of independence and return. The people of Gaza are deeply attached to their land and will not leave Gaza. It should be noted that Israel has demanded the withdrawal of more than one million Palestinians from northern Gaza.

==Rashid al-Ghannooshi==
Rashid al-Ghannoushi, the former speaker of the Tunisian House of Representatives and head of the Tunisian Ennahda movement, wrote in a letter from prison that was posted by his daughter Samia al-Ghannoushi on X account: "The Al-Aqsa storm operation, which was launched by the Palestinian resistance on October 7, is the gift of the people of Gaza to the Islamic Ummah.". In the second message from the prison, he added: "This prison is the power of renewal, motivation, mobilization, awakening, and the motto of the nation's heroism." The Al-Aqsa storm represents the renewal of civilization and the revival of the Islamic nation. In his message, Al-Ghannooshi said: Palestine, along with Al-Aqsa Mosque, is the central issue of the Ummah, and Al-Aqsa Mosque is the center of Islamic sovereignty and the pride of the [[Ummah]]. Al-Aqsa Mosque is the beating heart of the Islamic world, and the presence of any disturbing creature in the heart of the Islamic world is a warning of great danger, and this requires the mobilization of the nation to deal with this existential threat. By stating that the freedom of Palestine is not a burden on the shoulders of the Islamic world, but rather a lever for the unity of the Muslim Ummah, and this is more than a burden on him, Al-Ghannooshi tells his career: the issue of the freedom of Palestine must remain at the center of the movements of the Islamic world. He continued: Palestine is a verse of the book and a chapter of the Quran, whoever carries it, carries the book, and whoever leaves it, has left the book. Al-Ghannoushi called the Al-Aqsa storm operation a blessing and said: "Today, the Al-Aqsa storm is the gift of the people of Gaza to the Islamic Ummah, and it is a rejuvenating, motivating, and awakening power." The goal of the liberation of Palestine elevates the youth and politicizes them, and draws the new generation from small concerns to the big issues of the Islamic nation and humanity. Al-Ghannooshi likened the process of the "Al-Aqsa Flood" to "Noah's Flood" which will flood the whole world and rebuild it again so that the world of humanity can prosper and be saved from everything rotten. At the end of his message, Al-Ghannooshi said: This renewal of Islam is the renewal of humanity and the promise of a new world: a world of freedom, justice, brotherhood, and equality. It should be noted that Al-Ghannoushi has been in prison since his arrest on April 17 last year by the security forces after a raid on his home until the court ordered his imprisonment for provocative comments against the security of Tunisia.

==The Consequences of the Al-Aqsa Storm on Israel==
===Economic Aspects===
So far, many analyses have been done and written about the military and political aspects of this operation, but not much attention has been paid to its economic aspects. However, this operation is ongoing and we have to wait for the behavior of the parties to the war and other countries. But we can make this claim with a very high probability that regardless of whether the winner of the war is Israel or Hamas, this war has a main loser, which is Israel's economy. The reasons for this loss are summarized in several factors that will be mentioned below.

* The first and most important feature of Al-Aqsa Storm is questioning the [[Abraham Accords]] and more importantly Arab-Med Corridor. Arab-Med Corridor aimed at the interconnected development of the Emirates, [[Oman]], [[Bahrain]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Jordan]], and Israel. It could bring a new geo-economic order to China and the North-South Corridor. What made the Arab-Med Corridor more important than the Abraham Accords was that Israel could be completely integrated and stabilized in the regional order through this corridor. The connection of this corridor to the Neom region of Saudi Arabia and its proximity to the Straits of Tiran would give Israel access to the [[Persian Gulf]] and geopolitical superiority over Palestine. In addition, this issue, while weakening the geo-economics of Iran, [[Egypt]], [[Russia]], and [[China]], automatically could push the Palestinian issue to the sidelines. Regarding this analysis, perhaps the speculations about the Kremlin's assistance to Hamas can be understandable. Therefore, the most important impact of the Al-Aqsa Storm was questioning the geo-economic order which resulted in the inevitable acceptance of Israel. The relationship between Al-Aqsa Storm and the Arab-Med Corridor is like the relationship between the 33-Day War and the new Middle East plan.

* The three fundamental features of Israel's economy since the mid-1990s are based on the knowledge-based sector, accounting for more than 50% of service exports and 35% of government tax collection. The export of goods and services in 2022 was about 166 billion dollars. This characteristic of Israel's economy makes it a part of the Arab-Med Corridor, which became the most common excuse for cooperation and normalization of relations between the countries of the region and Israel. Despite this, Al-Aqsa Storm will act as a very strong catalyst for capital and human capital flight from Israel, which was started earlier with the reforms of the judicial system. Before this operation, investments especially foreign investments have decreased by 90% and 68% of knowledge-based companies have intended to leave occupied Palestine or withdraw their funds. At least 80% of these countries have been registered abroad since the beginning of 2022. So, just like the weakness of human resources against the Al-Aqsa storm, the migration of specialized forces will be a fundamental threat to Israel's economy.

* The day after this operation, the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange experienced a sharp fall in the banking, insurance, and real estate sectors. In addition, the depreciation of the shekel against the dollar prompted the Central Bank of Israel to intervene in the market for the first time in three decades by injecting $30 billion. Although the central bank relying on $200 billion reserves, increasing interest rates, and conducting swap transactions can partially control the effects of this depreciation, the weakening of the credit rating in the S&P rating agency will be the biggest problem of the regime. The gradual decrease in the credit rating, which started with the reform of the judicial system, led to a decrease in foreign investment, an increase in foreign debt, and a decrease in the balance of the government's treasury. Until now, Israel's foreign debt to its GDP was estimated at 60%, which will undoubtedly increase.

* Economic recession is the future of Israel's economy in the short and long term, which is also accompanied by inflation. According to the estimate of the Central Bank of Israel, every 1 percent decrease in the value of the shekel means an increase of 0.1 to 0.2 percent in inflation, and as a result, a decrease in the level of income, people's purchasing power, and finally stagnation.

* It is expected that after the end of this operation, there will be a massive flight of capital and the elite, which can lead to economic stagnation in the long term.

* War expenses such as the expenses of the military, the payment of salaries, and the damages of the war, are estimated to cost around 20 billion dollars so far. If the Netanyahu government does not amend the budget by reducing the costs imposed by the Torah Jewish Union or the Haredi and Ger Hasidic congregations, undoubtedly it will lead to inflation, especially inflation in the housing sector. What is remarkable is that the cost that Israel had planned for the implementation of the peace train project to create a nationwide network to connect to Jordan was 26 billion. At the same time, the lack of funding for this project was criticized. In addition, the south of Israel, which was the beginning point of this project suffers from a budget deficit in its medical system.

Therefore, no matter who is the loser of this war, Al-Aqsa Storm has weakened Israel's economy in the long term by showing off the weakness of the Zionist regime in providing security while dismantling the normalization project, especially between Saudi Arabia and Israel, and most importantly, questioning Arab-Med Project.

===Human Security===
The spokesman of the Israeli army said during a press conference on the morning of Tuesday, October 17: "Currently, about half a million Israelis are displaced inside the country." According to the report of "Russia Alyoum" news channel, he noted that all residential complexes located around the Gaza Strip have been evacuated and more than 20 neighborhoods in the north of occupied Palestine are now empty.

== Sources ==

* [https://www.farsnews.ir/news/14020719000311/%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%B1%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%85-%D8%B5%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7% Why is the Zionist regime the loser of the Al-Aqsa storm operation?]
* [https://www.mehrnews.com/news/5911441/%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B5%DB%8C New details of Al-Aqsa storm operation]
* [https://www.mizanonline.ir/fa/news/4738640/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B5%DB%8C-%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA What is Al-Aqsa storm operation?]
* [https://sahartv.ir/news/islamic_world-i426510 sahartv]
* [https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1402/07/19/2969479/8-%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7% 8 important achievements of the resistance in Al-Aqsa storm operation according to the famous American diplomat]
* [https://www.isna.ir/news/1402071913621/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85-%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7 A brief look at the economic consequences of Al-Aqsa storm operation]
* [https://www.mashreghnews.ir/news/1537029/%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8C-%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85-%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%B5%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9 The displacement of half a million Zionists after the "Al-Aqsa storm"]
* [https://www.cmess.ir/Page/View/2023-10-15/8291 Investigating Israel's intelligence failure in the October 7 operation of Hamas]

[[Category:Movements]]
[[Category:Palestine]]

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Balochistan Liberation Front

2024-04-08T10:11:26Z

Mahdipor: Mahdipor moved page Draft:Balochistan Liberation Front to Balochistan Liberation Front without leaving a redirect

{{Party information box
| title = Balochistan Liberation Front
| image = جبهه آزادی بخش بلوچستان.png
| name = Balochistan Liberation Front (BLF)
| Date of establishment = 1964 AD
| Founder = [[Jumma Khan Marri]]
| Leaders = [[Allah Nazar Baloch]]
| Goals = Baloch Nationalism
}}
'''The Balochistan Liberation Front''' (Urdu: بلوچستان لبریشن فرنٹ؛, Balochi: بلۏچستان آجوییءِ مئیدان) is a paramilitary group that operates in the Balochistan region in southwestern Asia. This group was founded by [[Jumma Khan Marri]] in 1964 in [[Damascus]] and played an important role in the 1968-1973 uprising in Sistan and Balochistan province of Iran and the 1973-1977 rebellion in Balochistan province of Pakistan. However, this group's rebellion in Pakistan and Iran failed and the status of this group was unknown until 2004. This group re-emerged in 2004 after [[Allah Nazar Baloch]] took over the group's command in 2003, and since then this group has claimed responsibility for attacks on civilians, journalists, government officials, and military personnel.<ref>[https://tribune.com.pk/story/1560848/1-security-forces-kill-blf-commander-involved-turbat-massacre/ Security forces kill 'BLF commander involved' in Turbat massacre]</ref>

==Foundation==
This group was founded by Jumma Khan Marri in 1964 in Damascus, [[Syria]]. Four years after its formation, this group participated in the Baloch uprising against the government of [[Iran]]. During this period, the government of Iraq openly supported them and provided them with weapons and operational support. However, after five years of war, the Liberation Front and other Baloch paramilitary groups were destroyed by Iran. The paramilitary groups negotiated to end the war with the government of Iran and Iraq stopped its public support for them.<ref>[https://www.dopel.org/BalochistanLiberationFront.htm Baluchistan Liberation Front (BLF)]</ref>

==Objectives==
The Balochistan Liberation Front is a nationalist and separatist organization to create an independent Baloch country. Its current leader, Allah Nazar Baloch, has stated that he wanted this front to become a powerful and influential political party rather than a paramilitary group to persuade Pakistan, by diplomacy, to recognize Balochistan as an independent country.

==Rebellion in Pakistan==
After the end of the conflict with Iran, the Liberation Front and other Baloch paramilitary groups started a rebellion against the government of Pakistan from 1973 to 1977. Initially, the government of Iraq secretly provided them and other paramilitary groups with weapons and ammunition. On February 10, 1973, the government of Pakistan raided the embassy of Iraq in Islamabad and discovered boxes of small arms and ammunition that were apparently in the possession of the Liberation Front and other paramilitary groups. In response, the government of Pakistan launched a military operation against them that drove them out of Balochistan to [[Afghanistan]] by the end of 1974.<ref>[https://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/457 Balochistan Liberation Front]</ref>

Afghanistan was a refuge for all anti-Pakistani paramilitary groups and it was estimated that from 1975 to 1980, it provided 875,000$ annually to their members stationed in Afghanistan. When they were exiled in Afghanistan, the Soviet Union helped the Liberation Front to reorganize. This paramilitary group rebelled against the government of Pakistan from 1973 to 1977, and this rebellion ended in November 1977 with the victory of the government of Pakistan. From 1977 to 2004, the status of this group was unknown. However, this paramilitary group did not dissolve and in 2004, after Allah Nazar Baloch took command in 2003, it reappeared.

In 2015, an Indian journalist reported that he was contacted again by the Balochistan Liberation Front to confirm its growing ties with India.<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Pakistan-outraged-at-presence-of-Baloch-activist-in-India/article60271744.ece Pakistan outraged at presence of Baloch activist in India]</ref>

==Military Activities==
This group has been responsible for attacks on civilians, journalists, government officials, and military personnel in Balochistan since its re-emergence in 2004. This group, along with another terrorist group called the Baloch Liberation Army, has claimed responsibility for killing 27 journalists out of a total of 38 journalists who were killed in Balochistan province since 2007. Some of the other attacks that this group has claimed responsibility for are:

* 1968: From 1968 to 1973, this group participated in the Baloch uprising in Iran, which ended with negotiations with the government of the time.
* May 2, 2004: Attacked Chinese workers who were working in the port of Gwadar in Balochistan, a project that this group considers an attempt by the government of Pakistan to colonize Balochistan. (3 killed).
* January 11, 2005: Attacked a pipeline under the control of the government of Pakistan located in Balochistan. (6 killed)
* October 11, 2011: A failed attempt to kill Sardar [[Sanaullah Khan Zehri]], the provincial minister, with a bomb.
* July 27, 2013: Attacked a Pakistani Coast Guard checkpoint near Gwadar. (7 killed)
* April 11, 2015: Attacked 20 workers involved in the construction of a dam supported by the government of Pakistan. These workers were members of the Border Organization, which was affiliated with the Pakistani security forces. (20 killed).
* November 16, 2017: The bodies of 15 migrants were found in the city of Turbat. Security officials say the migrants were kidnapped and then killed by armed men while trying to cross the border. The Liberation Front later claimed responsibility for killing 15 migrants. The main planner of the attack, Younis Tawakkali, was killed by Pakistani security forces in November 2017. Younis Tawakkali was one of the eight senior commanders of the Baloch Liberation Front.<ref>[https://tribune.com.pk/story/1559105/1-15-bullet-riddled-bodies-found-turbat/ 15 men from Punjab found dead in Kech]</ref>
* May 6, 2023: Mohammad Asa, known as Mullah Ibrahim, was killed in a clash between different factions of the Liberation Front over the division of extortion money. Mohammad Asa, known as Mullah Ibrahim, was one of the senior members of this group and had a large bounty on his head by the Pakistani law enforcement agencies. He joined the ranks of the Liberation Front in 2010 and quickly became one of its leaders. He was responsible for attacks on workers involved in development projects, Iranian containers, and Pakistani law enforcement agencies.<ref>[https://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/721630-Wanted-terrorist-killed-by-partners-over-ransom-money-distribution- Wanted terrorist killed by partners over ransom money distribution]</ref>

==Pakistan's Attack on Saravan==
On January 18, 2024, Pakistan's army attacked Saravan and killed one of the high-ranking commanders of this group, Amchar, the leader of the Balochistan Liberation Front. This group confirmed this and also emphasized revenge and blamed the Pakistani army for the attacks. In these attacks, 3 women and 4 children of non-Iranian nationality were killed.<ref>[https://www.didbaniran.ir/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-3/176048-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A8-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A2%D9%85%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3-% In last night's attack on Saravan, Amchar, the leader of the Balochistan Liberation Front, was killed]</ref>

===Retaliation for the attack on Saravan===
On Sunday, January 27, 2024, unidentified armed men killed 9 non-Iranian nationals in a house in the Sirkhan district of Saravan. The government of Pakistan claims that these armed men were part of the Balochistan Liberation Front group.<ref>[https://parsi.euronews.com/2024/01/27/gunmen-killed-9-non-iranians-near-pakistan-border Armed individuals killed 9 non-Iranian nationals near the Pakistan border]</ref>
== Sources ==

[[Category:Movements]]
[[Category:Pakistan]]

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Draft:Izz al-Din al-Qassam

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#REDIRECT [[Izz al-Din al-Qassam]]

Izz al-Din al-Qassam

2024-03-17T12:32:06Z

Mahdipor: Mahdipor moved page Draft:Izz al-Din al-Qassam to Izz al-Din al-Qassam

{{Infobox person
| title = Sheikh Izz al-Din al-Qassam
| image = عزالدین قسام 2.jpg
| name = Izz al-Din al-Qassam
| other names =
| brith year = 1883 AD
| brith date =
| birth place = Latakia, Syria
| death year = 1935 AD
| death date =
| death place =
| teachers =
| students =
| religion = [[Islam]]
| faith = [[Sunni]]
| works =
| known for =
| website =
}}
'''Sheikh Izz al-Din al-Qassam''' was born in the village of Jableh in Latakia, [[Syria]]. He was one of the leaders and pioneers of the unity of the Islamic nation against the enemies, especially the Zionist enemy. His father, Sheikh Abd al-Qadir Mustafa al-Qassam, was one of the employees of the Islamic Sharia sciences department, and his mother, Halima Qassab, was raised in an educated and religious family. Al-Qassam's father taught the villagers the [[Quran]], Arabic, calligraphy, and mathematics at the village school and by teaching religious songs, he ignited the spirit of jihad and heroism among the villagers. He was also a special prosecutor for the court for a while. Izz al-Din al-Qassam was one of the most popular leaders of the freedom of Muslims. He called the people to awaken, be aware of the evil plots of colonialism and Zionism, and be united and cohesive. Also, by blowing the spirit of jihad in them, he encouraged them all to follow the experiences of the past.

==Childhood and Education==
Izz al-Din al-Qassam learned to read, write, and recite the Quran at the village school and excelled among all his peers in these fields. Al-Qassam went to Al-Azhar University in Egypt at the age of 14 to pursue religious studies and stayed there for eight years and learned from the professors of that university, including Sheikh [[Muhammad Abduh]]. In 1906, Izz al-Din al-Qassam returned to Jableh after ten years of education and scholarship at Al-Azhar and obtained a degree from this university, and then traveled to Turkey to familiarize himself with the teaching methods in Turkish universities. After returning from Turkey, he taught at the Sultan ibn Adham Qutb al-Din Mosque like his father. He taught the children of Jableh village to read, write, and memorize the Quran and the sciences of hadith and led the Friday prayer at the Al-Mansouri Mosque located in the center of this village. Al-Qassam and his companions, during their residence in Haifa, which was a refuge for poor farmers whose homes had been destroyed in the villages as a result of the invaders' attack and had become the homeland of Jewish immigrants, made a lot of efforts to improve the living conditions of the farmers. He fought illiteracy by setting up night classes. It was not long before the farmers living in the northern region and the workers respected Sheikh and became fascinated by his pious morals and character.

==Religious and Social Activities==
Later, Al-Qassam was chosen by the Supreme Islamic Council as the imam of the Istiqlal Mosque in Haifa, which was one of the main hubs of Zionist activity in those days, and with his high oratory skills, he called the people to jihad against the Zionists and along with that, he fought against the deviant sects such as Qadianism and Bahaism, which had made that area their domain of influence with the backing of the British. Al-Qassam, besides being the imam of the Istiqlal Mosque, was assigned as the "legal officer of marriage and divorce" affairs. later, Al-Qassam became the leader of the "Muslim Youth Association", which was founded in 1927. His political and social activities were always a sanctuary for the Palestinian national movement. Later, he was appointed by the Supreme Islamic Council as the imam of the Istiqlal Mosque in Haifa and the "legal officer of marriage and divorce" affairs. The duties and matters that were entrusted to al-Qassam in Haifa gave him the chance to have closer contact with the masses of people, especially the committed and enlightened groups. At that time, Haifa was regarded as one of the main centers of Zionism. Al-Qassam later became the head of the "Muslim Youth Association", which was established in 1927. He was able to have more connection with the people in this way and achieve what he expected, which was the formation of a group that became the "revolutionary core" against colonialism and [[Zionism]].

==Formation of the Qassam Resistance Group==
al-Qassam achieved his wish after a few years of living in Haifa and formed an underground group. The two principles of this group were that each member had to provide his weapon and that he had to contribute financially to the group as much as possible. The sparks of al-Qassam's struggle against colonialism, along with his pursuit of knowledge, also paid special attention to the freedom movements and because of his mastery of Islamic sciences and his independent and anti-colonial views, he gained a high reputation and credibility among the people of [[Syria]], [[Egypt]], [[Lebanon]] and [[Palestine]] and had extraordinary power and influence among the people of the [[Middle East]]. For this reason, France and England, which were the colonial powers of that days and had divided the countries of the Middle East among themselves by a treaty, regarded him as their enemy. In Egypt, al-Qassam became acquainted with the British colonization and its authority over the nation and the national resources of the country, and at the same time, he was thinking about the necessity of fighting against the colonial forces. Organizing the Qassamites and the tasks and affairs, that he was in charge of in Haifa, gave him the opportunity to have more contact with the masses of people, especially the committed and enlightened groups. and in 1925 AD, he achieved his goal, which was to form an underground group or the "revolutionary core " with the motive of fighting against colonialism and Zionism. While he was working as a lawyer in Haifa, he visited the villages of Palestine and in his contacts with the farmers in the villages and the worshipers, he was able to attract some of the revolutionary forces and organize them in secret groups. Al-Qassam carried out all his activities, which was fighting against the formation of a Jewish state, in complete secrecy and only those who had been tested by him for years and had proven their integrity and secrecy were aware of his activities and organization.

==Qassam's supporters==
Qassam's supporters were mostly from the working class, farmers, and merchants who also attended his lectures and Qassam acquainted them with the necessity of jihad and preparing for armed struggle at the time of popular uprising. The candidates for membership were under control and training for a while. Anyone who wanted to join the Qassamites swore an oath with God to commit to honesty and integrity, to observe all the Islamic laws, and to be the guardian of the Islamic ideology. After accepting the membership of the people in the organization, in addition to military training, religious training was also important. Each member was obliged to memorize as many verses and hadiths of jihad in the way of God as possible. The members also learned lessons about the wars of early Islam. Qassam formed small groups consisting of a leader and five members.

The members of each group only knew each other and Qassam and had no knowledge of the members of other groups. Along with these groups, he formed leadership cadres, mostly from prominent people of the organization. These included the military training cadre, the money and facilities collection cadre, the public and political relations cadre, the weapons procurement cadre, and the information gathering cadre, gathering information about the situation of England and Zionism. One of the most important cadres that Qassam formed was the revolution promotion cadre. The task of this group was to persuade the people not to cooperate and trust the United Kingdom and to advise that the only way to achieve the goals was jihad in the way of God, and to ignore the plots of Zionism and the United Kingdom who tried to undermine the unity of the people. All the members of Qassam's underground organization were unknown to the people and only after the martyrdom of Qassam, the names of some of these members were known. Qassam founded 12 jihadist groups composed of Al-Abd Qasim, Muhammad Zarura, Muhumad Saleh Muhammad, and Khalil Muhammad Isa known as Abu Ibrahim al-Kabir in 1928 AD. The operations of the Qassam fighters, the martyr Izz al-Din Qassam branch of the Islamic Resistance Movement Hamas, which chose this name for itself by the auspicious name of Sheikh Qassam and adherence to the principles that he adhered to until the glorious moment of martyrdom, considers resistance as the only way to liberate the occupied land of Palestine from the yoke of the Zionist enemies.

The operations of the Qassam fighters were not limited to attacking the Zionist settlements but also included pursuing and torturing those who cooperated with the Zionist regime and spied for British intelligence or sold land to the Jews and brokered for them. Fighting the army and police patrols, blocking roads and attacking army bases and police centers, attacking the guards of the Jewish settlements, and bombing, were among the other actions of the Qassam fighters. Qassam's operations blew a fresh spirit into the body of the Palestinians and drove them to struggle. The British government announced that anyone who provides information about the perpetrators of these operations will receive a good reward. These operations actually instilled fear and terror in the hearts and souls of the Jews. It was the first time that the Jews saw military operations against themselves. The British and Jewish governments, out of fear of these operations, stationed their spies in different areas and arrested anyone with the slightest suspicion. In this way, the movements and activities of the Qassam group faced many problems. The British police were able to gather information about the military force and equipment and the location of the group's operations. In 1931 AD, the first operation against the Zionist settlement (Elyajur) near Haifa took place, in which three Zionists were killed.

These operations against the Zionist settlements continued constantly. The events of 1933 and 1934, which resulted in the acceleration of the migration of Zionists to Israel, the tendency of Zionists to form terrorist groups with the help of Israel, and also the expansion of Israeli lands, forced Qassam to start military operations before the availability of facilities and forces. The massive migration of Jews was accompanied by terrorist acts by Jewish groups against the Muslim and Arab populations of Palestine. The goal of the Zionists was to drive away the Palestinian Arabs and replace them with new Jewish immigrants. By Qassam's order, a chain of military operations against the Zionist areas and the patrols of the British army and police took place. These operations were carried out in a guerrilla and surprise manner and the form of hit and run. These revolutionary actions caused a lot of damage to the agricultural lands and assets of Zionists and several British and Zionist forces were killed in these operations. The armed operations and terror of the enemies increased day by day, but it did not take long for Qassam and his comrades to decide to reveal their movement, which in 1935 came in the form of an armed and bloody struggle against the British colonizers and Jewish terrorists. Izz al-Din Qassam's uprising against the French colonization, along with the formation of the Islamic uprising of the Shiites of Iraq against the British colonial forces in 1919, launched a movement in northern Syria along with Sheikh Saleh Ali, one of the militant scholars of Syria, against the French colonial forces. In this one-year uprising, led by Izz al-Din and the late Omar Baytar, inflicted considerable casualties on the French occupiers.

The French tried to deter Sheikh Qassam from continuing the struggle by offering tempting proposals such as giving high positions and ranks, but he rejected all these proposals. Qassam's insistence on resistance led the French military court in Latakia to issue a death sentence for him and some of his companions. Then Sheikh Qassam went to Damascus and from there to Palestine to escape the pursuit of the French. Sheikh Izz al-Din Qassam was an attractive, friendly, and eloquent person. He was appointed as the legal officer of marriage and divorce affairs in 1929 and also visited the villages and participated in the wedding ceremonies. This was how he communicated with the people and was also informed of the situation and news of his society. His friends have reported that he discussed with the intellectuals and supporters of peaceful methods of struggle. He lectured in the mosque and carefully watched the worshipers and whoever he saw ready and prepared for the struggle, he attracted and invited him to the struggle for the liberation of Palestine. Qassam carried out all his activities, which was fighting against the formation of a Jewish national state, in complete secrecy and only those who had been tested by him for years and had proven their integrity and secrecy were aware of his activities and organization. He called on the people to awaken and be aware of the evil plans of colonialism and Zionism. He asked them to unite and be cohesive, and by blowing the spirit of jihad in them, he encouraged them all to follow the experiences of the past.

Qassam's supporters, who were mostly from the working class, farmers, and merchants who also attended his lectures, were introduced by Qassam to the necessity of jihad and preparing for armed struggle at the time of popular uprising. As time passed, the revolution core formed rapidly around Qassam. He also led new people into his organization with amazing ability. He formed small groups, consisting of a leader and five members. The members of each of these groups only knew each other and the leader (Qassam) and had no knowledge of the members of other groups. He formed leadership cadres, mostly from prominent people of the organization.

These included the military training cadre, the money and facilities collection cadre, the public and political relations cadre, the weapons procurement cadre, and the information gathering cadre about the situation of England and Zionism. One of the most important cadres that Qassam formed was the revolution promotion cadre. The task of this group was to persuade the people not to cooperate and trust the United Kingdom and to advise them that the only way to achieve the goals was jihad in the way of God, and to ignore the plots of Zionism and England who tried to undermine the unity of the people. All the members of Qassam's underground organization were unknown to the people and only after the martyrdom of Qassam, the names of some of these members were known.

==Qassam's Brigades and Military Organizations==
Qassam had established an underground armed organization in some of the villages of the northern province. The duty of this group was to engage with the British forces and help the mujahideen when they fought with the Zionists and the British forces. Later, when the activities of Qassam's underground organization became public, many of these patriotic youths joined it.

Qassam had planned the stages of the revolution as follows:
* Self-confidence and promotion of the spirit of the armed uprising;
* Formation of underground groups;
* Formation of leadership committees to collect donations for weapons;
* Armed revolution.
Qassam, along with his other colleagues, tried to attract more people and train them during the implementation of this plan so that after completing the necessary forces and reaching the appropriate time, the general revolution of Palestine would begin. However, the events of 1933 and 1934 forced him to start military operations before providing the facilities and forces.
The main factors of this change of plan were:
* The horrifying migration of Zionists to Palestine;
* The tendency of Zionists to form terrorist groups with the help of England;
* The expansion of Zionist lands and the intense activity of landlords, traitors, and spies for the benefit of the enemy.
*
When Qassam issued the order for armed operations against the enemy, none of the people, the British or the Zionists knew anything about his organization. Because he was busy doing his daily works in Haifa and everyone saw him. Qassam's revolution organization had only two hundred fighters and eight hundred supporters. By Qassam's order, a chain of military operations against the Zionist areas and the patrols of the British army and police took place. These operations were carried out in a guerrilla and surprise manner and the form of hit and run. These revolutionary actions caused a lot of damage to the agricultural lands and assets of Zionism and killed several British and Zionist forces. The armed operations and terrors of the enemies increased day by day, but it did not take long for Qassam and his comrades to decide to reveal their movement. Their goal of this decision was to express their divine goals, raise the spirit of militancy among the people, and neutralize the enemy's propaganda that tried to tarnish the goals and nature of the Qassam's group and claimed that the attackers' goal was to loot properties and disrupt the people's comfort. Finally, increasing the number of Jewish immigrants to Palestine and the arming of the Zionists in 1935 had made the situation so critical that it was no longer possible to keep the movement secret. Therefore, it was decided that the operations would start from the mountainous areas of northern Palestine.

==Clash with the occupiers and martyrdom==
The British forces, considering the possibility of starting operations from the Yabad area in Haifa, tried extensively to arrest Qassam, whom they did not know whether he was in Haifa or Yabad. After failing in the first step, while the reconnaissance planes were patrolling over the Yabad, they attacked Yabad, the headquarters of the Qassam forces. After five days of fighting, when the occupying forces were sure of Qassam's presence among the mujahideen, they launched a hard attack on the Qassam's group, which was defeated by the bravery and perseverance of the revolutionaries. After this defeat, the British tried to surrender him by sending some Arab policemen and Qassam's friends, but Qassam and his comrades rejected surrender and compromise and chose to fight until martyrdom. After the enemy's attack and Qassam's martyrdom, The government forces attacked again and with various armored vehicles, tanks, and planes, launched a widespread and heavy attack on the Qassam's forces. The revolutionaries, after being informed of this heavy attack, suggested to Qassam to leave the battlefield with his guards, but he did not accept this suggestion and became ready for war and martyrdom. On December 20, 1935, a fierce clash between the revolutionaries and the government forces took place, in which many of the enemy forces were killed some of the revolutionaries were martyred and others were wounded. In the afternoon of the same day, another clash began and during that Sheikh Izz al-Din Qassam was martyred and some of his comrades were wounded. After the martyrdom of Qassam, his comrades broke the siege and fled to northern Palestine and brought the body of their martyred commander to the city of Haifa. To attend the funeral of Qassam, many of the leaders and elders of Palestine went to Haifa and the city was full of people who had come from all over Palestine.

== Source ==
[https://www.taghrib.org/fa/pioneer/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AE%20%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%20%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85 Sheikh Izz al-Din al-Qassam]

[[Category:Figures]]
[[Category:Palestine]]

Palestine

2024-03-06T19:35:42Z

Mahdipor: Mahdipor moved page Draft:Palestine to Palestine without leaving a redirect

[[File:فلسطین 4.jpg|thumb]]
'''Palestine''' is an Arab-Islamic country, the origin of monotheistic religions and the source of great civilizations. This country is a small land located in the Middle East, on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, and shares borders with [[Lebanon]], [[Syria]], [[Egypt]], and [[Jordan]], and like a bridge, connects the three continents of Asia, Africa, and Europe. Palestine is known as the heart of the Arab world and also the link between the east and the west. For this reason, this land has a strategic position in the [[Middle East]] and among the Arab-Islamic countries. Palestine, in another sense, is larger than the present-day country of Palestine and includes parts of Lebanon and Syria.

==The History of Human Presence in Palestine==
According to historical documents, the first signs of life of primitive humans, dating back to twelve thousand years before Christ, have been seen in Palestine. For example, cities such as Gaza, Jericho, and Magdala are among the oldest cities in the world. Of course, the favorable geographical situation has not been ineffective in this matter, and based on this, agriculture and business have flourished in this land thousands of years before the birth of Christ.

==The History of Palestine==
Palestine has an ancient history that dates back to the presence of humans on the earth. This country is the cradle of the great divine religions and the home of the famous civilizations of the world. Throughout history, different peoples with various religions such as Muslims, Christians, and Jews lived in this region, but the root of the monotheistic religions should be sought in the arrival of Prophet Abraham (peace be upon him) to this country. [[Al-Aqsa Mosque]], the first Qibla of Muslims, is located in this country.

==The people of Palestine==
The people who live in Palestine today are the descendants of the people who have always lived in this land. They are mostly related to the Arab race in terms of culture and language. Genetic studies have shown that the majority of Muslims who live in this land, as well as the Arab citizens of Israel, are the children of Jews, Christians, and other inhabitants of the southern regions of Syria, whose presence dates back to prehistoric times. A large part of the population of Palestine converted to Islam after the victories of Muslims in the seventh century, and of course, many also remained Christian, such as the Druze and the Samaritans.

==The capital of Palestine==
The capital of this country is Jerusalem, which is of special importance for the religions of Islam, Christianity, and Judaism.

==The Provinces of Palestine==
The provinces of Palestine are located in two regions: the West Bank and the [[Gaza Strip]]. The provinces that belong to the West Bank are Jenin, Tubas, Tulkarm, Nablus, Qalqilya, Salfit, Ramallah, Al-Bireh, Jericho, Jerusalem, Bethlehem, and Hebron. The provinces that belong to the Gaza Strip are North Gaza, Gaza, Deir al-Balah, Khan Yunis, and Rafah.

==The Important Cities of Palestine==
The important cities of Palestine are Gaza, Bethlehem, Hebron, Haifa, Acre, and Ashkelon.

==The Language of the People of Palestine==
The people of Palestine, whether Muslim or Christian, speak Arabic with a Palestinian dialect, and some of the Arab people know Hebrew as a second language and speak it easily.

==The Advent of Islam in Palestine==
In the era of Islam and during the second caliph, the people of this land embraced Islam and then came under the rule of the Umayyad, Abbasid, Fatimid, and Ottoman governments. The Crusaders, after defeating the Muslims in war, ruled Palestine for a while and then the Muslims regained their land. In 1917, Britain occupied Palestine and this paved the way for the occupation of this country by Israel in 1948. This occupation continues to this day.

==Population, Race, and Ethnicity of the People of Palestine==
The population of Palestine until 200 AD was about eight million people, mostly consisting of Muslim Palestinians. The race of these people is Semitic and their language is Arabic.

==The status of Palestine in the Islamic World==
This country is of great interest in the Islamic world for various reasons. The existence of Al-Aqsa Mosque in Palestine as the first Qibla of Muslims and the ascension of the Prophet, has distinguished the status of this country. Palestine is mentioned in the [[Quran]] by titles such as the Holy Land and the Blessed Land. In addition, Palestine is the birthplace and burial place of many prophets.

==The Shiites of Palestine==
After the advent of Islam in Palestine, Shiites settled in this country. But, they do not have a significant population. The most important groups affiliated with Shiism include the Supreme Shiite Council of Palestine, the Shuqai Association, and the Saberin Movement.

==The Islamic Movement of Palestine==
Palestine, which is the meeting place of three great heavenly religions ([[Islam]], [[Christianity]], and [[Judaism]]), has a history full of events and sorrow. This country was administered as a colony of Western Rome in 395 AD and from the middle of the seventh century AD to the sixteenth century, Arab Muslims ruled over it. The land of Palestine was a part of the [[Ottoman Empire]]'s territories from 1517 to 1917 AD.

The first Zionist Congress for achieving the Promised Land was held in 1897 in the city of "Basel" in Switzerland under the leadership of "Herzl" and declared that:

"The aim of [[Zionism]] is to establish a national home for the Jewish people in the land of Palestine."

Following this action by the Zionist Congress, Britain presented a famous plan called the Balfour Declaration in November 1917, based on the formation of an independent state for the Jewish people in Palestine and the migration of Jews from all over the world to this land.

This decision, the first colonialist European one that coincided with World War I and the Ottoman Empire was also breathing its last breath due to internal problems and conflicts, was easily implemented. Before the end of World War I, the lands of the Ottoman Empire were divided according to the "Sykes-Picot" agreement between England and France.

The disintegration of the Ottoman territory paved the way for the realization of the Balfour Declaration and the treacherous plan of Britain and European countries, and the Jews received the reward of establishing an independent country from England. In order to implement this plan, Britain, with the help of "Sherif Hussein", the ruler of Hejaz at the time, succeeded in expelling the Ottomans from Palestine and thus opened the gates of Palestine to Jews from other countries.

The beginning of the migration of Jews to Palestine caused unrest in this country and the Arab Muslims declared their opposition to the migration of Jews and the Balfour Declaration with the uprisings of April 1920, May 1921, and August 1929. Although these uprisings could not stop the migration of Jews to Palestine, but they paved the way for the next uprisings that began more extensively between 1936 and 1939. The leadership of the Palestinian people's movement in this period was in the hands of "Sheikh [[Izz al-Din al-Qassam]]".

In November 1947, the United Nations, with the aim of suppressing the Islamic movement of Palestine and under the influence of Zionist ideas, issued its resolution number 181 based on the division of the land of Palestine into two Jewish and Arab countries. The issuance of this resolution caused the "World Zionist Council" to declare the existence of the first state of "Israel" in Palestine. Simultaneously with the establishment of the state of [[Israel]], Britain also announced the end of its trusteeship over this country on May 15, 1948.

==The Type of Government in Palestine==
Today, an organization called the Palestinian Authority is in charge of affairs in Palestine. The history of the Palestinian Authority dates back to 1939. At that time, an agreement called the Israeli Declaration of Principles was signed and continued with many clauses between Mahmoud Abbas, representing Yasser Arafat, the leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization and Fatah party, and Shimon Peres, the Israeli prime minister, representing Yitzhak Rabin, the Israeli president. The result of this agreement was that Israel would withdraw from areas such as Gaza and Jericho for five years and hand over the administration of these areas to the Palestinian Authority. However, in late 1995, Israel returned to the areas under its control and only handed over 27 percent of the agreed land to the Palestinian Authority, which gradually changed the situation. At that time, Yasser Arafat was able to obtain the veto right in the Palestinian Council. Then, following the protests in the Palestinian Council in 2003, Arafat used the veto right to establish the position of prime minister and Mahmoud Abbas, a member of the Fatah party, served as the prime minister of Palestine. But, due to the lack of strong supports, Mahmoud Abbas was forced to resign soon. After the death of Yasser Arafat in 2004, new elections were held in 2005. This time 62 percent of the Palestinian people voted for Mahmoud Abbas. Also in January 2005, the elections related to the Palestinian Legislative Council were held, in which Hamas organization won 44.45 percent of the majority of votes and Ismail Haniyeh was elected as the prime minister of the Palestinian Authority. Hamas organization, which was called a terrorist group, was sanctioned by the United States, Israel, and many European countries. For this reason, in December 2006, Ismail Haniyeh announced that his government would never recognize Israel. On June 14, 2007, the Fatah and Hamas movements clashed and at this time Mahmoud Abbas announced the dissolution of the Haniyeh government and appointed a person named Salam Fayyad in his place. Some Arab countries such as Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Egypt, considered the Fayyad government, which was based in Jericho, as the only legal government of Palestine and even Egypt moved its embassy from Gaza to Jericho.
==Islamic Currents in Palestine==
Palestine, like many countries, has different political currents and parties with religious origins. Parties such as [[Hamas]], [[Islamic Jihad]], [[Muslim Brotherhood]], and [[Fatah]] are among the most famous of them.

[[Category:Countries]]
[[Category:Islamic Countries]]

Gaza

2024-02-22T12:07:28Z

Mahdipor: Mahdipor moved page Draft:Gaza to Gaza without leaving a redirect

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'''Gaza''' (in Arabic: غزة) '''(not to be confused with the Gaza Strip)''' is an Arab city in the [[Gaza Strip]] that came under the control of the [[Hamas]] group after a conflict with the Fatah movement. In the 2005 Gaza municipal elections, Hamas won a decisive vote.

Gaza actually plays a central role in the events of Palestine. This role was created for this city by the Palestinian movement in the second half of the 80s. Israel, during its 38-year occupation of the Gaza Strip, built bases and military and security facilities and Zionist settlements in this area. Also, Israel attacked Gaza several times and massacred women and children, but each time was forced to retreat due to the resistance power of Palestine.

The Gaza Strip has small and large cities, including Gaza City. The Gaza Strip borders Egypt to the south, Israel to the east and north, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Any entry and exit of ships to the Gaza Strip is prohibited and the Israeli navy prevents the passage of ships to Gaza. The way to enter goods into Gaza is through the Rafah crossing in the south of Gaza on the [[Egypt]] border and five crossings on the Israeli border. In addition, in the south of Gaza, some people import goods from Egypt into the Gaza Strip by digging tunnels.

==History==
Strategically located on the Mediterranean coast, ancient Gaza was a bustling trade center and a stopover for caravans between Egypt and [[Syria]]. The city was conquered by Egypt in the 15th century BC. The Palestinians settled in the area centuries later and Gaza became one of the five main cities of the region.

===Before Christ===
In 145 BC, the city of Gaza was conquered by Jonathan Maccabeus of the Hasmonean dynasty, the brother of Judas Maccabeus of the Maccabean dynasty. The presence of Jews in this area was successful until Gabinus, the Roman governor, expelled them from there in 61 AD. At a time when the religious law of Mishnah and Talmud was prevalent in this area, many Jews were present in Gaza, and there is an inscription on one of the pillars of the Great Mosque of Gaza, that reads "Hananiah Bar Yaqo" (a Hebrew name) with a menorah engraved on it. This sign indicates the previous role of this historical building that was damaged during the uprising. The remnants of the ancient church of Gaza, which was built around 500 BC, have been found near the pier of this city.

===The Achaemenid Period===
In the Achaemenid period, Batis, an Iranian commander of the Achaemenid dynasty, was the governor of Gaza. Alexander, who attacked [[Palestine]], besieged this city for several days. After conquering the city, Alexander asked Batis to beg for mercy. But Batis resisted, Alexander tortured him severely until he died. It is said that as long as Batis had life in his body, he did not look at Alexander except with an angry look and never uttered a word.

Gaza was conquered by the Arabs in the 630s AD after a siege in which the Jewish population of the city defended it alongside the Byzantine garrison. This city is known as an important Islamic city because the grandfather of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) of [[Islam]] is buried there. In the twelfth century, Gaza was involved in the Crusades of the Christians and came under the control of the Muslims in 1187. The city fell as a result of the Ottoman attack in the sixteenth century and was taken over by Britain during the First World War (1918-1914).

===After the First World War===
Following the First World War, Gaza became part of the British Mandate of Palestine. After the start of the first Arab-Israeli war in 1948, Egypt took control of Gaza and conquered the surrounding areas. The Egyptians never accepted the residents as Egyptian citizens and banned their exit from the Gaza Strip. [[Israel]] conquered the city during the Six-Day War in 1967 and the Gaza Strip was under Israeli occupation for 27 years after that. Gaza and a smaller area of this large land have been occupied by Israel. This caused a high population density and poverty in the Gaza Strip.

At the beginning of the Palestinian uprising in 1987, known as the first Intifada, Gaza became the center of political unrest and confrontation between Israelis and Palestinians and the economic situation in the city deteriorated.

In September 1993, Israeli leaders and the Palestine Liberation Organization signed the Oslo Accords, which called for Palestinian administration of the Gaza Strip and the city of Jericho in the West Bank, which came into effect in May 1994. Most Israelis left Gaza while handing over its administration to the Palestinian Self-Government for managing and controlling the city along with the rest of the Gaza Strip.

The Palestinian government led by [[Yasser Arafat]] chose Gaza as its first state headquarters. In September 1995, Israel and the PLO signed a secondary peace agreement that expanded the Palestinian government to some cities in the West Bank. This agreement also established a Palestinian assembly with 88 members, which held its inaugural session in Gaza in March 1996. The current mayor of the city is Saad Kharma.

===Jewish Communities in Gaza===
The Jewish community in Gaza was wiped out during the Crusades, but returned and rebuilt when the Mamluk government restored normalcy. In February 1799, when the French forces led by Napoleon entered the city, it was plagued by a severe plague that caused the Jews to migrate to other areas in Palestine. By 1886, thirty Jewish families had returned to Gaza, but they were driven out of the area by the Ottomans during the First World War. After the war, the Jews returned to Gaza, but were forced to leave the area again after the 1929 massacre.

Famous Jewish Gazans include Israel Najara, a medieval religious poet (buried in the local cemetery of Gaza) and the prophet (false messiah) Sabbatai, Nathan of Gaza. Abraham Azulai, a Jew, lived in Gaza in 1619 and it was there that he became famous for his Kabbalistic (Jewish mysticism) work titled "The Trial of Abraham".

==Gaza in the 22-day War==
The Zionist regime launched a full-scale war to destroy the Hamas movement in the late 2008, which lasted for 22 days. The war began on December 27, 2008 and continued until January 17, 2009. The war is known in Israel as Operation Cast Lead and among the Arabs as the Gaza Massacre or the 22-day war. In this unequal war, more than 1,450 Palestinians were martyred and more than 5,000 were wounded.

The 22-day Gaza war was a reality that occurred in the Middle East and had its roots in the failures of the Zionist regime to reach its goals. In this war, for the first time, the Zionist regime, with all its power and forces and with the support of external powers such as the United States, tried to completely eliminate Hamas and for the first time, Hamas demonstrated it's capability to stand and resist against the armed-to-the-teeth Zionist regime.

==The Gaza War of 2023==
On October 7, 2023 AD, an armed conflict between Israel and Palestinian paramilitary groups began with Hamas' attack on southern Israel from the Gaza Strip. The [[Zionist]] army continued the war with a widespread campaign and air strikes against targets in Gaza, and then with a large-scale ground invasion of the Gaza Strip. The Palestinian resistance forces in the Gaza Strip on Sunday, October 7, 2023 (October 15, 2023) in response to the ongoing crimes of the occupying regime, including the massacre of Palestinians, the desecration of the Al-Aqsa Mosque, the violation of its guards, the invasion of settlers with the support of Zionist soldiers, carried out an operation called [[Al-Aqsa Storm]] and targeted the positions and bases of the occupying regime of Jerusalem with dozens of missiles.

==The Economy of Gaza City==
Gaza, where citrus and other crops are grown, is the economic center of this region. Many of the people of Gaza work in the service and industrial sectors of Israel when the border is open. The city has some small industries such as textiles and food processing. Various goods are sold in the street markets of Gaza, such as carpets, pottery, wicker goods, and cotton clothing. But, the development of trade in this city is at its minimum. Gaza is a transport hub for the Gaza Strip and it has a small port which is a local fishing port.

==The People and Culture of Gaza City==
The population of Gaza is almost entirely composed of Muslim Palestinians of the Shafi'i sect, but also has a small community of Christian Palestinians. The widespread influx of Palestinian refugees after the Arab-Israeli war in 1948 increased the population of Gaza dramatically. By 1967, this population had increased sixfold compared to 1948. The population of the city has continued to grow since then, and poverty, unemployment, and poor living conditions have prevailed in it.
Gaza suffers from serious deficiencies in housing and infrastructure. Also, its inefficient sewage system has caused serious public health and environmental problems.

==Gaza University==
The Islamic University of Gaza (in Arabic: الجامعة الإسلامية بغزة) is an independent Palestinian university located in Gaza City. The university was established in 1978 AD by the Palestinian National Authority.

==Telephone Communication Lines==
The Gaza Strip has a basic landline system that is provided by a wired system and also benefits from extensive mobile services provided by Pal-Tel (Jawwal) or Israeli service providers such as Cellcom. Four companies in the Gaza Strip are providing internet services and are currently competing with each other for high-speed internet and internet telephony. Most households in Gaza have radio and television (70 percent), and about 20 percent of them also have personal computers. People living in the Gaza Strip enjoy satellite TV programs (Al Jazeera, Egyptian and Lebanese TV programs, etc.), local private channels, as well as Palestine Radio and Television and the first and second channels of Israeli Radio and Television.

==Mosques of Gaza==
===Hashim Mosque===
This mosque is located in the al-Daraj neighborhood in the old part of Gaza City. It is one of the most beautiful, largest, and historical mosques in this area. This mosque has an open courtyard that is surrounded by arcades on four sides. The largest arcade is the qibla arcade, which is located in a room and opens to the west arcade. Near this room, the tomb of Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, the grandfather of the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) of Islam, is located. The grandfather of the Prophet passed away in this city during his summer trade trip to Gaza.

The mosque was then built during the Mamluk period. Sultan Abdul Hamid rebuilt it in 1850 AD. After rebuilding the mosque, he named the city of Gaza "Hashem's Gaza" because of the presence of the holy body of the Prophet's grandfather.

===Al-Omari Mosque===
This mosque is also located in the al-Daraj neighborhood and is famous for its minarets. It is one of the most important and historical mosques in Gaza. A part of this mosque dates back to the 12th century AD. The whole building was built in the 7th century AD and later new parts were added to it during the Mamluk and Ottoman periods.

===Sheikh Zakariyya Mosque===
It is located in the al-Daraj neighborhood. It was built in the eighth century AH. Currently, except for two beautiful minarets, nothing is remained of this mosque. In this mosque, a person named Sheikh Zakariyya al-Tadmuri, one of the muftis of Syria, is buried. He died in the month of Safar in 749 AH and later the mosque was named Sheikh Zakariyya.

===katib al-Wilaya Mosque===
This mosque is located in the al-Zaytun neighborhood of Gaza. Its building dates back to the Mamluk period in the 13th century AD (7th century AH). The additions to the western part of this mosque date back to the Ottoman period and the reign of Ahmad Bek Katib al-Wilaya.

Therefore, the mosque was named Katib al-Wilaya. What distinguishes this mosque from other mosques in Gaza is the presence of its minarets next to the bell of the "Orthodox Roman" church. Many tourists after visiting this mosque consider the existence of these two features together as a sign of the coexistence of Muslims and Christians in Gaza.

===Ali ibn Marwan Mosque===
This mosque is located in the al-Tuffah neighborhood, outside the old part of the eastern city of Gaza. It is one of the famous mosques of this city, which belongs to the Mamluk era. There is the tomb of Sheikh Ali ibn Marwan under the dome of the mosque. Next to the mosque, there is a cemetery with the same name, where there are graves, that are considered as valid historical documents.

===Bardabakiya Court Mosque (Amir Bardabak al-Dawadar School)===
This mosque is located in the al-Shuja'iya neighborhood of Gaza. It is famous for having two beautiful and eye-catching minarets. The architecture of this mosque and its minarets dates back to the beautiful architecture of the Mamluk era.

It was built in the mid-14th century AD (8th century AH). Later, it was used as a school under the name of al-Shuja'iya School. Then, it was used as the headquarter of the Sharia court, therefore, it was called Court Mosque in the local language.

===Ibn Uthman Mosque===
This mosque is located in the al-Shuja'iya market street. It is one of the largest ancient mosques and a prominent example of Mamluk-era architecture.

The mosque was built in several stages. It was built by Ahmad ibn Uthman, who was born in the city of Nablus and then migrated to Gaza, during the Mamluk era. People considered him a person with high miracles.

===Zafar Damri Mosque===
This mosque is also located in the al-Shuja'iya Turkmen area. The mosque was built by Shihab al-Din Ahmad Zafar ibn al-Zafar Damri( known as al-Qazmari) in 762 AH (1360 AD). The entrance of this mosque, which has many arches, is one of the most beautiful entrances of mosques in the world. The arches consists of golden writings, colorful and different geometric tiles.

==Education==
According to PCBS, in 1997, more than 90 percent of the population of Gaza over 10 years old were literate. Of the population of this city, 140,848 people enrolled in school (39.8 percent in elementary school, 33.8 percent in middle school, and 26.4 percent in high school). About 11,134 people had a bachelor's degree or diploma.

In 2006, there were 210 schools in Gaza. 151 were run by the Ministry of Education of the Palestinian National Authority, 46 by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency, and 13 specialized schools. A total of 154,251 students enrolled and 5,877 teachers were employed. The economy has been affected by the education in the Gaza Strip. In September 2007, a UNRWA study in the Gaza Strip showed that there were about 80 percent failures in the fourth to ninth grades, up to 90 percent failures in mathematics. In January 2008, the United Nations Children's Fund reported that schools in Gaza were canceling classes that required high energy consumption, such as information technology and scientific laboratories.

==University==
The four main universities in Gaza City are:

* Al-Azhar University - Gaza;
* Al-Quds Open University;
* Al-Aqsa University;
* Islamic University of Gaza.
*
The Islamic University, consisting of ten branches, was established by a group of businessmen in 1978 and became the first university in Gaza. It had 20,639 students. Al-Azhar is generally secular and was established in 1992. Al-Aqsa University was established in 1991. Al-Quds Open University established its regional educational center in Gaza in 1992 in a rented building in the city center, which originally had 730 students. Due to the rapid increase of students, the first building belonging to the university was built in Nasser. In the years 2007-2007, 3,778 students enrolled.

==Public Libraries==
The Gaza Public Library is located outside the Wahda Street and has a collection of about 10,000 books. The books are in [[Arabic]], English, and French languages. The total area of the building is about 1,410 square meters (15,200 square feet), and the building consists of two floors and a basement. The library was inaugurated in 1999 after the 1996 agreement by Gaza, Mayor Aoun Shawa, Dunkerque Municipality, and the World Bank. The library meets the best library needs, the needs of the stakeholders, provides the necessary facilities for accessing the available resources, and organizes various cultural programs such as cultural events, seminars, lectures, film screenings, films, art, and books.

==Tourist Attractions of Gaza City==
The places of interest for the visitors of this city include Al-Omari Mosque, Sayyid Hashim Mosque, Ibn Uthman Mosque, Ibn Marwan Mosque, Shrine of Sheikh Abu al-Azm, Shrine of Sheikh Ajlin, Tel al-Muntar, Napoleon Castle (Al-Razwan Castle), and Saint Porphyrius Church. The city also has several new recreational areas where tourists and locals can enjoy the beech and swimming pools.

===Al-Omari Mosque===
Al-Omari Mosque, with its magnificent minarets, is located in the lower part of Gaza City. It is known that this mosque occupied the original site of the Temple of Marnas and then the Greek Orthodox Church. This mosque is also located in the place of the Norman Church, which was built by the Crusaders in the 12th century AD.

===Napoleon Castle (Al-Basha Palace)===
This castle is also located in the lower part of Gaza City and its solid stone building dates back to the Mamluk era. This place is known as Al-Basha Palace because Napoleon spent a few nights in it, on his way to the city in 1799.

===Saint Porphyrius Church===
This 4th-century church is the place where Saint Porphyrius passed away and was buried in it (420 AD). The church is located in the old city of Gaza and is still used by the Greek Orthodox community today.

===Al-Sayed Hashim Mosque===
Located in the al-Daraj area, this mosque is one of the largest and most beautiful ancient mosques in Gaza. It is believed that the tomb of Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, the grandfather of Muhammad, who died during his trade trip to Gaza, is located under the dome of this mosque.

==Sister Cities of Gaza City==
* Barcelona (Spain);
* Tromso (Norway);
* Tel Aviv (Israel);
* Tabriz (Iran);
* Turin (Italy).

== Sources ==
* [https://www.tabnak.ir/ tabnak.ir]
* [http://www.sheidagasht.com/ sheidagasht.com]
* [https://www.asriran.com/fa/news/347167/%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%87-%DA%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA asriran.com]
* [http://qodsna.com/ qodsna.com]
*

[[Category:Palestine]]
[[Category:Cities]]

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Mahdipor:

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'''Hamid Shahriari''' is the secretary-general of the World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought, a real member of the Supreme Council of Cyberspace, and an advisor to the director of seminaries on information technology and cyberspace affairs.
<span id="mp-more">[[Hamid Shahriari|'''Continue ...''']]</span>

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Mahdipor:

[[File:حمید شهریاری.jpg|200px|right]]
'''Hamid Shahriari''' is the secretary-general of the World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought, a real member of the Supreme Council of Cyberspace, and an advisor to the director of seminaries on information technology and cyberspace affairs.
<span id="mp-more">[[Hamid Shahriari|'''Continue ...''']]</span>

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2024-02-13T12:06:26Z

Mahdipor:

[[File:حمید شهریاری.jpg|200px|right]]
'''Hamid Shahriari''' is the secretary-general of the [[World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought]], a real member of the Supreme Council of Cyberspace, and an advisor to the director of seminaries on information technology and cyberspace affairs.
<span id="mp-more">[[Hamid Shahriari|'''Continue ...''']]</span>

Hamid Shahriari

2024-02-13T12:04:02Z

Mahdipor: Mahdipor moved page Draft:Hamid Shahriari to Hamid Shahriari without leaving a redirect

{{Infobox person
| title = Hamid Shahriari
| image = حمید شهریاری.jpg
| name =
| other names = Hamid Hawali Shahriari
| brith year = 1963 AD
| brith date =
| birth place = Tehran
| death year =
| death date =
| death place =
| teachers = {{hlist|Ayatollah Sayyid Kazem Haeri|Ayatollah Sheikh Wahid Khorasani |}}
| students =
| religion = [[Islam]]
| faith = [[Shia]]
| works = Shura in Fatwa
| known for = the secretary-general of the World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought
| website = http://www.shahriari.ir
}}
'''Hamid Shahriari''' is the secretary-general of the [[World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought]], a real member of the Supreme Council of Cyberspace, and an advisor to the director of seminaries on information technology and cyberspace affairs. Also, he was the former head of the Nour Islamic Sciences Computer Research Center, the former deputy of technology of the judiciary and the head of the statistics and information technology center of the judiciary.

==Biography==
Shahriari was born in December 1963, in Tehran. He completed his secondary education at Kharazmi (Shariati) High School in Baharestan Square and graduated in 1981 with the highest written average among the students of the three classes of mathematics and physics.

Hojjat al-Islam and al-Muslimin Shahriari went to the Qom seminary in the same year and finished the level courses of the seminary in six years. He was the first student in the seventh grade of the seminary (al-Rasa'il and al-Makasib) and received awards from the grand ayatollahs of the time and [[Sayyid Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini]]. Along with his studies, he taught seminary courses including literature, logic, theology, jurisprudence and principles and participated in the external jurisprudence course for ten years.

He was interested in logic and philosophy from the beginning. In those years, he traveled to New Zealand for a year and became familiar with the Western world. After returning from the trip, while continuing his seminary courses, he devoted himself to studying and researching new rational sciences, including new theology, philosophy of ethics, philosophy of religion, new logic, Christian and Jewish theology and related sciences at Baqir al-Ulum (peace be upon him) Foundation. At the same time, he was accepted at the Tarbiat Modares University of Qom and completed his master's degree in theology and Islamic studies by writing a thesis entitled "Shura in Fatwa". Later, This work was elected as the best research in the field of religion. Shahriari was the director of the Islamic Sciences Computer Research Center in Qom from 1996 to 2019.<ref>[http://www.shahriari.ir/bio The Website of Hamid Shahriari].</ref>

He received his PhD in comparative philosophy from the University of Qom. Then, during a one-year trip as an invited student at the University of Manchester in 2002, he wrote a book on the philosophy of ethics in Western thought from the perspective of Alasdair MacIntyre. This book won the Book of the Year Award of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2007. In 2009, the first strategic document of the Iranian Information Society, which was edited by him, was published.<ref>[http://shahriari.andishvaran.ir/fa/ScholarMainpage.html The personal page of Shahriari on the website of Hawzah Thinkers].</ref>

==Teachers==
* Ayatollah [[Sayyid Kazem Haeri]]
* Ayatollah Sheikh Javad Tabrizi
* Ayatollah Sayyid Mohsen Kharrazi
* Ayatollah Sheikh Mohsen Moslehi Araki
* Ayatollah [[Sayyid Mousa Shobeiri Zanjani]]
* Ayatollah Sayyid Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi
* Ayatollah [[Sheikh Wahid Khorasani]]

==Positions and Responsibilities==
# Secretary-general of the World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought (2019)
# Real member of the Supreme Council of Cyberspace; since its establishment (2012)
# Trustee of the Islamic Sciences Computer Research Center (2020)
# Advisor to the director of seminaries on information technology and cyberspace affairs (2016)
# Head of the Islamic Sciences Computer Research Center; from 1998 to 2019
# Deputy of technology of the judiciary and head of the statistics and information technology center of the judiciary; from 2009 to 2019
# Secretary of the Supreme Council of Information; from 2005 to 2017.
# Faculty member of the Research and Development Center for Humanities "SAMT"; since 2003
# Head of the Research and Development Center for Humanities "SAMT"; from 2006 to 2009
# Deputy of research of the organization "SAMT" (2007).
# Deputy of research of the Research and Development Center for Humanities "SAMT" (2004)
# Trustee of the organization "SAMT"; since 2005
# Editor-in-chief of the seminary information network www.hawzah.net and Noormags www.noormags.ir since their establishment until 2019.
# Editor-in-chief of the quarterly journal named "Rahavard Noor"; since its publication until 2019
# Trustee of the second research zone of Iran; from 2006 to 2010
# Member of the supervisory board for the implementation of the resolution on computer networks passed by the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution; from 2006 to 2011
# Member of the seminary commission of the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution; from 2006 to 2011
# Member of the specialized group of multimedia of the Academy of Arts; from 2008 to 2010
# Permanent member of the commission of SAMT organization since 2011
# Head of the specialized committee of Electronic Justice (the FAVA working group of the government) from 2011 to 2013
# Member of the scientific council of the language and computer group of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature (2011)
#

==Scientific Awards and Ranks==
* The first student of the Qom Seminary (al-Rasa'il and al-Makasib); (1988)
* The winner of the second award of the Kharazmi Festival in applied research, (1999)
* The award-winner of the best research in the field of religion for his research titled "Shura in Fatwa", (1994)
* The book "The Philosophy of Ethics in Western Thought from the Perspective of Alasdair MacIntyre" was the book of the year of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2006.
* The book "The Philosophy of Ethics in Western Thought from the Perspective of Alasdair MacIntyre" was the best university book (2006).
* The book In Pursuit of Virtue was awarded as a commendable book in the nineteenth edition of the autumn book season (2011).
* The book In Pursuit of Virtue was the book of the year of the Qom seminary in 2012.
* Several other awards during the management of the Islamic Sciences Computer Research Center for the products of the center, such as the first prize of the digital media festival, for the project of the Encyclopedia of the Great Prophet, the project "Hawzah Website" won a rank in the digital media festival.
*

==Works==
* The book "Jurisprudence of Privacy", in press
* The book "Shura in Fatwa" (A Look at the Philosophy of Ijtihad and Taqlid), Research Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture, Qom, 2006, (The Winner of the Best Research Award in the Field of Religion in 2004, Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance)
* The book "Ethics of Information Technology", Qom University Press, Spring 2010
* The book "The Philosophy of Ethics in Western Thought from the Perspective of Alasdair MacIntyre", The Research and Development Center for Humanities "SAMT", SAMT Organization, Summer 2006
* The translation of Alasdair MacIntyre's book "Three Rival Versions of Moral Enquiry", Research Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture, Qom, in press
* The translation of Alasdair MacIntyre's book "In Pursuit of Virtue" by Dr. Hamid Shahriari and Dr. Mohammad Ali Shomali, SAMT, Autumn 2011
* "The Strategic Document of the Iranian Information Society" 2009, Secretariat of the Supreme Council of Information
* The translation of chapters one and two ( pre-Socratic and ancient Greece) of "The History of Western Ethics" by Lawrence C. Becker, Imam Khomeini Institute Publications, Qom, 1999
* The book "Shawahid al-Mabadi al-Arabiyya" volumes one to four, Dar al-Ilm Publications, Qom, 1992
*

==Articles==
* The article "What is Knowledge? With Explanation and Comments", Quarterly Journal of Religious Thought, Shiraz University, Autumn 1999
* The article "Electronic Publishing in the Field of Islamic Texts", The Electronic Publishing Conference, January 2000
* The article "The Absurd" by Thomas Nagel, Critique and Opinion, Issue 8, Summer 2003.
* The article "The Good Life" Critique of The Absurd, Critique and Opinion, Issue 9, Winter 2003.
* The article "The Philosophy of Ethics and Politics of Aristotle and Plato from the Perspective of Alasdair MacIntyre", Critique and Opinion, Issue 30, Spring 2004.
* "Translation: Necessities and Pitfalls", published in the book An Introduction to Free Thinking and Theorizing in Religious Sciences, Volume 2, pp. 216-157, Spring 2004.
* The article "Environmental Identity from the Perspective of Islam", presented at the National Conference on Science and Religion, National Research Center for Medical Sciences, May 2005
* The article " The Ethics of Information Technology (1)", Rahavard Noor, Issue 7, Summer 2005
* The article "Donation of Gametes and Embryos from the Perspective of Islamic Ethics", presented at the Conference on Donation of Gametes and Embryos, Winter 2005, published in Payesh, Jihad University, Sixth Year, Issue 4, Autumn 2007, pp. 398-385.
* The lecture "God's Action in Nature from the Perspective of Islam", presented at the International Conference on Science and Religion, May 2006
* The lecture "Privacy in Islam", presented at the Regional Conference on Ethics and Information Technology, December 2006
* The lecture "Women and Ethics in Information Technology", presented at the Conference on Women and the Internet in the Third Millennium, Session on Ethics of Information Technology, December 2006
* The article "Privacy and Information Society", Philosophical and Theological Journal of Qom University, Issue 3-4, Eighth Year, Issue 3 and 4, Spring and Summer 2007
* Lecture and article "Computer Ethics, History and Generalities",Conference on Islamic Ethics in Universities, May 2008
* Writing the first draft of "The Document of Ethics in the Field of Information Technology", published in the book Ethics of Information Technology, Research Institute of Culture, Art and Communications, Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, 2008
* The article "Jurisprudential Foundations of Environmental Protection", Social Theology, Second Year, Issue 3, Spring and Summer 2010. Pp. 181-218
* The lecture "The Human Status of Gametes and Embryos from the Perspective of Human Ethics", Third International Conference on Bioethics and Patient Rights, February 2011
* The article "Ethics of Trade from the Perspective of Islamic Tradition", Scientific Research Quarterly of the Association of Islamic Knowledge of Iran, Sixth Year, Issue 3, Summer 2010
* Lecture and presentation of the article "National Security and Cyberspace", the Congress of Information and Communication Technology of Iran with the Approach to Citizen Welfare, 22-24 May 2010.
* Lecture "Ethical Aspects of Modern Technology: Privacy Case", First International Workshop on Bioethics and Ethical Aspects of Biosafety, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, November 2011
* The article "The Philosophy of Justice from Homer to Plato from the Perspective of Alasdair MacIntyre", Ethical Research Quarterly, Iran, 6 Winter, 2011
* The Good and Evil of Technology from the Perspective of the Quran and Traditions, submitted for the International Conference on Ethics and Religions, 9-10 February 2012
* What is Grape juice and what is its Ruling, unpublished.
* The Mistake of the Qibla by the Mukallaf, unpublished.
* The Prayer in the Ship, unpublished.
* The Purification without Iron, unpublished.
* The Hunting Tool, unpublished.
* The Prohibition of Eating Clay and Mud, unpublished.
* The Ruling of Treating with Armenian Clay, unpublished.
* The Legitimacy and Validity of the Child's Worship, unpublished.
* The Ruling of Playing Chess, unpublished.
* The Limit of Throwing the Pebbles, unpublished.
* The Limit of Circumambulation, unpublished.
* Who is the Rebel and What is his Ruling in Terms of Fighting, unpublished.
* The Ruling of the one-fifth of the Profits of the Acquisitions, unpublished.
* The Proof of the one-fifth in the Absolute benefit and if it does not occur by Acquisition like Gift and Prize, unpublished.
* The Meaning of the Rational and What it Entails, unpublished.
* The Ruling of eating from the Sacrifice and the Sufficiency of the Taste from it, unpublished.
* The Condition of Life in the Mufti, unpublished.
* The Condition of Knowledge, unpublished.
* The Imitation in the Principles of Beliefs, unpublished.
== Sources ==

Hamid Shahriari

2024-02-13T12:03:39Z

Mahdipor:

Hamid Shahriari

2024-02-13T12:03:20Z

Mahdipor:

{{Infobox person
| title = Hamid Shahriari
| image = حمید شهریاری.jpg
| name = Hamid Shahriari
| other names = Hamid Hawali Shahriari
| brith year = 1963 AD
| brith date =
| birth place = Tehran
| death year =
| death date =
| death place =
| teachers = {{hlist|Ayatollah Sayyid Kazem Haeri|Ayatollah Sheikh Wahid Khorasani |}}
| students =
| religion = [[Islam]]
| faith = [[Shia]]
| works = Shura in Fatwa
| known for = the secretary-general of the World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought
| website = http://www.shahriari.ir
}}
'''Hamid Shahriari''' is the secretary-general of the [[World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought]], a real member of the Supreme Council of Cyberspace, and an advisor to the director of seminaries on information technology and cyberspace affairs. Also, he was the former head of the Nour Islamic Sciences Computer Research Center, the former deputy of technology of the judiciary and the head of the statistics and information technology center of the judiciary.

==Biography==
Shahriari was born in December 1963, in Tehran. He completed his secondary education at Kharazmi (Shariati) High School in Baharestan Square and graduated in 1981 with the highest written average among the students of the three classes of mathematics and physics.

Hojjat al-Islam and al-Muslimin Shahriari went to the Qom seminary in the same year and finished the level courses of the seminary in six years. He was the first student in the seventh grade of the seminary (al-Rasa'il and al-Makasib) and received awards from the grand ayatollahs of the time and [[Sayyid Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini]]. Along with his studies, he taught seminary courses including literature, logic, theology, jurisprudence and principles and participated in the external jurisprudence course for ten years.

He was interested in logic and philosophy from the beginning. In those years, he traveled to New Zealand for a year and became familiar with the Western world. After returning from the trip, while continuing his seminary courses, he devoted himself to studying and researching new rational sciences, including new theology, philosophy of ethics, philosophy of religion, new logic, Christian and Jewish theology and related sciences at Baqir al-Ulum (peace be upon him) Foundation. At the same time, he was accepted at the Tarbiat Modares University of Qom and completed his master's degree in theology and Islamic studies by writing a thesis entitled "Shura in Fatwa". Later, This work was elected as the best research in the field of religion. Shahriari was the director of the Islamic Sciences Computer Research Center in Qom from 1996 to 2019.<ref>[http://www.shahriari.ir/bio The Website of Hamid Shahriari].</ref>

He received his PhD in comparative philosophy from the University of Qom. Then, during a one-year trip as an invited student at the University of Manchester in 2002, he wrote a book on the philosophy of ethics in Western thought from the perspective of Alasdair MacIntyre. This book won the Book of the Year Award of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2007. In 2009, the first strategic document of the Iranian Information Society, which was edited by him, was published.<ref>[http://shahriari.andishvaran.ir/fa/ScholarMainpage.html The personal page of Shahriari on the website of Hawzah Thinkers].</ref>

==Teachers==
* Ayatollah [[Sayyid Kazem Haeri]]
* Ayatollah Sheikh Javad Tabrizi
* Ayatollah Sayyid Mohsen Kharrazi
* Ayatollah Sheikh Mohsen Moslehi Araki
* Ayatollah [[Sayyid Mousa Shobeiri Zanjani]]
* Ayatollah Sayyid Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi
* Ayatollah [[Sheikh Wahid Khorasani]]

==Positions and Responsibilities==
# Secretary-general of the World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought (2019)
# Real member of the Supreme Council of Cyberspace; since its establishment (2012)
# Trustee of the Islamic Sciences Computer Research Center (2020)
# Advisor to the director of seminaries on information technology and cyberspace affairs (2016)
# Head of the Islamic Sciences Computer Research Center; from 1998 to 2019
# Deputy of technology of the judiciary and head of the statistics and information technology center of the judiciary; from 2009 to 2019
# Secretary of the Supreme Council of Information; from 2005 to 2017.
# Faculty member of the Research and Development Center for Humanities "SAMT"; since 2003
# Head of the Research and Development Center for Humanities "SAMT"; from 2006 to 2009
# Deputy of research of the organization "SAMT" (2007).
# Deputy of research of the Research and Development Center for Humanities "SAMT" (2004)
# Trustee of the organization "SAMT"; since 2005
# Editor-in-chief of the seminary information network www.hawzah.net and Noormags www.noormags.ir since their establishment until 2019.
# Editor-in-chief of the quarterly journal named "Rahavard Noor"; since its publication until 2019
# Trustee of the second research zone of Iran; from 2006 to 2010
# Member of the supervisory board for the implementation of the resolution on computer networks passed by the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution; from 2006 to 2011
# Member of the seminary commission of the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution; from 2006 to 2011
# Member of the specialized group of multimedia of the Academy of Arts; from 2008 to 2010
# Permanent member of the commission of SAMT organization since 2011
# Head of the specialized committee of Electronic Justice (the FAVA working group of the government) from 2011 to 2013
# Member of the scientific council of the language and computer group of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature (2011)
#

==Scientific Awards and Ranks==
* The first student of the Qom Seminary (al-Rasa'il and al-Makasib); (1988)
* The winner of the second award of the Kharazmi Festival in applied research, (1999)
* The award-winner of the best research in the field of religion for his research titled "Shura in Fatwa", (1994)
* The book "The Philosophy of Ethics in Western Thought from the Perspective of Alasdair MacIntyre" was the book of the year of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2006.
* The book "The Philosophy of Ethics in Western Thought from the Perspective of Alasdair MacIntyre" was the best university book (2006).
* The book In Pursuit of Virtue was awarded as a commendable book in the nineteenth edition of the autumn book season (2011).
* The book In Pursuit of Virtue was the book of the year of the Qom seminary in 2012.
* Several other awards during the management of the Islamic Sciences Computer Research Center for the products of the center, such as the first prize of the digital media festival, for the project of the Encyclopedia of the Great Prophet, the project "Hawzah Website" won a rank in the digital media festival.
*

==Works==
* The book "Jurisprudence of Privacy", in press
* The book "Shura in Fatwa" (A Look at the Philosophy of Ijtihad and Taqlid), Research Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture, Qom, 2006, (The Winner of the Best Research Award in the Field of Religion in 2004, Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance)
* The book "Ethics of Information Technology", Qom University Press, Spring 2010
* The book "The Philosophy of Ethics in Western Thought from the Perspective of Alasdair MacIntyre", The Research and Development Center for Humanities "SAMT", SAMT Organization, Summer 2006
* The translation of Alasdair MacIntyre's book "Three Rival Versions of Moral Enquiry", Research Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture, Qom, in press
* The translation of Alasdair MacIntyre's book "In Pursuit of Virtue" by Dr. Hamid Shahriari and Dr. Mohammad Ali Shomali, SAMT, Autumn 2011
* "The Strategic Document of the Iranian Information Society" 2009, Secretariat of the Supreme Council of Information
* The translation of chapters one and two ( pre-Socratic and ancient Greece) of "The History of Western Ethics" by Lawrence C. Becker, Imam Khomeini Institute Publications, Qom, 1999
* The book "Shawahid al-Mabadi al-Arabiyya" volumes one to four, Dar al-Ilm Publications, Qom, 1992
*

==Articles==
* The article "What is Knowledge? With Explanation and Comments", Quarterly Journal of Religious Thought, Shiraz University, Autumn 1999
* The article "Electronic Publishing in the Field of Islamic Texts", The Electronic Publishing Conference, January 2000
* The article "The Absurd" by Thomas Nagel, Critique and Opinion, Issue 8, Summer 2003.
* The article "The Good Life" Critique of The Absurd, Critique and Opinion, Issue 9, Winter 2003.
* The article "The Philosophy of Ethics and Politics of Aristotle and Plato from the Perspective of Alasdair MacIntyre", Critique and Opinion, Issue 30, Spring 2004.
* "Translation: Necessities and Pitfalls", published in the book An Introduction to Free Thinking and Theorizing in Religious Sciences, Volume 2, pp. 216-157, Spring 2004.
* The article "Environmental Identity from the Perspective of Islam", presented at the National Conference on Science and Religion, National Research Center for Medical Sciences, May 2005
* The article " The Ethics of Information Technology (1)", Rahavard Noor, Issue 7, Summer 2005
* The article "Donation of Gametes and Embryos from the Perspective of Islamic Ethics", presented at the Conference on Donation of Gametes and Embryos, Winter 2005, published in Payesh, Jihad University, Sixth Year, Issue 4, Autumn 2007, pp. 398-385.
* The lecture "God's Action in Nature from the Perspective of Islam", presented at the International Conference on Science and Religion, May 2006
* The lecture "Privacy in Islam", presented at the Regional Conference on Ethics and Information Technology, December 2006
* The lecture "Women and Ethics in Information Technology", presented at the Conference on Women and the Internet in the Third Millennium, Session on Ethics of Information Technology, December 2006
* The article "Privacy and Information Society", Philosophical and Theological Journal of Qom University, Issue 3-4, Eighth Year, Issue 3 and 4, Spring and Summer 2007
* Lecture and article "Computer Ethics, History and Generalities",Conference on Islamic Ethics in Universities, May 2008
* Writing the first draft of "The Document of Ethics in the Field of Information Technology", published in the book Ethics of Information Technology, Research Institute of Culture, Art and Communications, Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, 2008
* The article "Jurisprudential Foundations of Environmental Protection", Social Theology, Second Year, Issue 3, Spring and Summer 2010. Pp. 181-218
* The lecture "The Human Status of Gametes and Embryos from the Perspective of Human Ethics", Third International Conference on Bioethics and Patient Rights, February 2011
* The article "Ethics of Trade from the Perspective of Islamic Tradition", Scientific Research Quarterly of the Association of Islamic Knowledge of Iran, Sixth Year, Issue 3, Summer 2010
* Lecture and presentation of the article "National Security and Cyberspace", the Congress of Information and Communication Technology of Iran with the Approach to Citizen Welfare, 22-24 May 2010.
* Lecture "Ethical Aspects of Modern Technology: Privacy Case", First International Workshop on Bioethics and Ethical Aspects of Biosafety, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, November 2011
* The article "The Philosophy of Justice from Homer to Plato from the Perspective of Alasdair MacIntyre", Ethical Research Quarterly, Iran, 6 Winter, 2011
* The Good and Evil of Technology from the Perspective of the Quran and Traditions, submitted for the International Conference on Ethics and Religions, 9-10 February 2012
* What is Grape juice and what is its Ruling, unpublished.
* The Mistake of the Qibla by the Mukallaf, unpublished.
* The Prayer in the Ship, unpublished.
* The Purification without Iron, unpublished.
* The Hunting Tool, unpublished.
* The Prohibition of Eating Clay and Mud, unpublished.
* The Ruling of Treating with Armenian Clay, unpublished.
* The Legitimacy and Validity of the Child's Worship, unpublished.
* The Ruling of Playing Chess, unpublished.
* The Limit of Throwing the Pebbles, unpublished.
* The Limit of Circumambulation, unpublished.
* Who is the Rebel and What is his Ruling in Terms of Fighting, unpublished.
* The Ruling of the one-fifth of the Profits of the Acquisitions, unpublished.
* The Proof of the one-fifth in the Absolute benefit and if it does not occur by Acquisition like Gift and Prize, unpublished.
* The Meaning of the Rational and What it Entails, unpublished.
* The Ruling of eating from the Sacrifice and the Sufficiency of the Taste from it, unpublished.
* The Condition of Life in the Mufti, unpublished.
* The Condition of Knowledge, unpublished.
* The Imitation in the Principles of Beliefs, unpublished.
== Sources ==

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[[File:مروان عیسی.jpg|300px|right]]
'''Marwan Issa''' is the deputy commander of the Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of [[Hamas]]. Some sources claim that Issa is the actual leader of the Qassam Brigades; however, he is still the deputy of Hamas leader [[Mohammad Diab Ibrahim al-Masri|Mohammad Deif]] and serves as the representative of the Brigades in the political bureau of Hamas. Israel accuses him of being involved in the October 2023 attacks.

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Marwan Issa

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{{Infobox person
| title = Marwan Issa
| image = مروان عیسی.jpg
| name = Marwan Abdul Karim Issa
| other names = Abu al-Baraa
| brith year = 1965 AD
| brith date =
| birth place = [[Gaza]], [[Palestine]]
| death year =
| death date =
| death place =
| teachers =
| students =
| religion = [[Islam]]
| faith = [[Sunni]]
| works =
| known for = {{hlist|The deputy commander of the Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades|One of the officials responsible for developing the military capability of al-Qassam |}}
| website =
}}

'''Marwan Issa''' is the deputy commander of the [[Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades]], the military wing of [[Hamas]]. Some sources claim that Issa is the actual leader of the Qassam Brigades; however, he is still the deputy of Hamas leader [[Mohammad Diab Ibrahim al-Masri|Mohammad Deif]] and serves as the representative of the Brigades in the political bureau of Hamas. [[Israel]] accuses him of being involved in the October 2023 attacks.

==Birth==
Marwan Abdul Karim Issa, known as Abu al-Baraa, was born in 1965 in Bureij refugee camp located in the central [[Gaza Strip]]. He grew up with the hope of returning to the village where his family came from.

==Military Activities==
He joined the [[Muslim Brotherhood]] in his youth and participated in its defensive, social and organizational activities.

===Prison===
He was arrested in 1987 for joining the Hamas movement. Later, the Palestinian Self-Rule authorities arrested him in 1997.

===Joining Hamas===
He joined Hamas at the age of 19. His experience in prison shaped his Qassami thought and he immediately joined it after being released from prison. He progressed in its ranks until he became one of the leaders of the operational decisions. He fought independently or with the consultation of [[Yahya Sinwar]], the leader of the Gaza movement.

===In the Custody of the Zionist Regime===
He, , along with some of the prominent figures of the movement such as [[Hasan Salama]], was part of a group that participated in a series of martyrdom operations in 1996 in retaliation for the assassination of Engineer [[Yahya Ayyash]]. He was subsequently detained for 4 years and was released after the al-Aqsa intifada in 2000. After his release, he played a central role in transferring the Qassam Brigades from semi-military nuclei that were organized according to a military structure, to brigades, units and battalions based on a clear military hierarchy. He remained anonymous until 2005, 10 days before Israel's withdrawal from Gaza, when he was officially introduced as one of the first-line leaders of the Qassam Brigades.

===Military Operations===
On June 25, 2006, Palestinian armed groups, including Hamas, launched a cross-border raid into Israel and captured Gilad Shalit, a 19-year-old soldier. Hamas held Shalit as part of a prisoner exchange plan in October 2011 in exchange for 1,027 Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails and Issa played a key role in arranging the prisoner swap.

===Failed Assassination===
The Israeli army carried out several air strikes on the Gaza Strip on November 14, 2012, which resulted in the killing of Ahmad al-Jaabari, the commander of the Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades at the time. He was also targeted in these attacks but survived.

==Political Activities==
He made a rare appearance at a conference organized by an anonymous think tank affiliated with Hamas in March 2015, where he spoke about the verdict of the Egyptian court on February 3, 2015, which had placed the Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades and Hamas on the terrorist list. He said that Hamas is not currently seeking a military confrontation with Israel but is primarily interested in doubling its power for future confrontation by building its missiles and createing regional coalitions.

In 2017, Abu al-Baraa entered Egypt as a part of a military-political delegation to negotiate a prisoner exchange and his visits in the following years were repeated to discuss the cases related to prisoners, ceasefire and crossings. He was elected in the same year as one of the members of the political bureau representing the military branch of Hamas and was placed on the US terrorist lists in 2019. He was then re-elected to the same position in 2021.

===Repeated Threat of Assassination===
In February 2020, leaked information revealed that Israel intended to assassinate Issa and Yahya Sinwar, the leader of Hamas, in Gaza. When they learned of this plot, Egyptian intelligence officials traveled to Israel to persuade them not to carry out these assassinations. The Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades responded that their leaders were not afraid of being killed and would continue their resistance against Israel.

==Positions and Responsibilities==
* Member of the political bureau of Hamas in 2017, then re-elected in 2021;
* One of the officials responsible for developing the military capability of al-Qassam;
* The deputy commander-in-chief of al-Qassam forces since 2012;
* The liaison between the military and political leadership;
* One of the leaders in charge of any prisoner exchange deal with Israel;
* Responsible for settlement operations in the al-Qassam Brigades;
*

== Sources ==

* [https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2023/10/9/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%89-%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B8%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A8-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84 Marwan Issa.. the second man in the Al-Qassam Brigades]
* [https://thearabcenter.org/%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%89-%d8%a3%d8%a8%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1/ Marwan Issa(Abu al-Baraa)]
* [https://www.counterextremism.com/extremists/marwan-issa Marwan Issa]
*
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[[Category:Palestine]]

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'''Hamas''' was founded in 1987 by Sheikh Ahmad Yassin, Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi and Mohammad Taha during the first intifada as the Palestinian branch of the Muslim Brotherhood.
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'''Hamas''' was founded in 1987 by Sheikh Ahmad Yassin, Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi and Mohammad Taha during the first intifada as the Palestinian branch of the Muslim Brotherhood.
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'''Hamas''' was founded in 1987 by Sheikh Ahmad Yassin, Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi and Mohammad Taha during the first intifada as the Palestinian branch of the Muslim Brotherhood. Hamas has carried out numerous suicide bombings, rocket attacks and military assaults against Israeli soldiers.
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'''Hamas''' was founded in 1987 by Sheikh Ahmad Yassin, Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi and Mohammad Taha during the first intifada as the Palestinian branch of the Muslim Brotherhood. Hamas has carried out numerous suicide bombings, rocket attacks and military assaults against Israeli soldiers. They have not limited their activities to military operations and have implemented various social programs that have a strong presence in the lives of the people of Gaza Strip and the West Bank.
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{{Infobox person
| title = Naser Makarem Shirazi
| image = Naser-makarem.jpg
| name = Naser Makarem Shirazi
| other names = Grand Ayatollah Naser Makarem Shirazi
| brith year = 1927 AD
| brith date = 25 February
| birth place = Shiraz, Iran
| death year =
| death date =
| death place =
| teachers = Ayatollah Muhammad Hussein Burujerdi
| students =
| religion = Islam
| faith = Shīʿā
| works = Twelver Shīʿā
| known for = Fiqh, Kalam and Tafsir
| website = [http://makarem.ir/ makarem.ir]
}}

'''Naser Makarem Shirazi''' (Persian: ناصر مکارم شیرازی, born 25 February 1927 in Shiraz, Iran) is an Iranian Shia marja' and religious leader.
== Biography ==
He was born in the city of Shiraz, Iran. According to his website, his father was Ali Mohammad, his grandfather was Mohammad Karim, his forefather was Mohammad Baqer, and his progenitor was Mohammad Sadeq.He finished his school in Shiraz

He started formal Islamic studies at 14 in the Agha Babakhan Shirazi seminary. After completing the introductory studies, he studied jurisprudence (fiqh) and its principles (usool al-fiqh).

He made rapid progress and finished studying the introductory and intermediate Islamic studies levels in approximately four years. During this time, he also taught at the Islamic seminary in Shiraz.

At the age of 18, he formally entered the theological seminary of Qom, and for the next five years, was present in the religious gatherings and classes of some of the leading Islamic teachers of those days, such as Ayatollah Muhammad Hussein Burujerdi, & Ayatollah Seyyed Kazem Shariatmadari.

== Najaf ==
In 1950, he made his way to the seminary of Najaf, Iraq. Here, he was able to take part in classes of teachers such as Ayatollah Muhsin al-Hakim, Ayatollah Abul-Qassim Khoei and Ayatollah Abdul Hadi ash-Shirazi.

At 24, two senior scholars in Najaf granted him complete ijtihad. Ayatollah Muhsin al-Hakim also wrote a short, comprehensive letter of commendation for him.

After returning to Iran, Ayatollah Naser Makarem Shirazi began teaching the intermediate and higher level of studies in usul al-fiqh and fiqh.

He has won the Iranian Royal Academy of Philosophy award for his essay "Filsuf-Namah <ref>[http://makarem.ir/ makarem.ir]</ref>
==Notes==
{{Notes}}

Hamas

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{{Party information box
| title = Hamas
| image = حماس.png
| name = Islamic Resistance Movement
| Date of establishment = 1987 AD
| Founder = {{hlist|Sheikh Ahmad Yassin|Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi|Mahmoud al-Zahar|}}
| Leaders = Ismail Haniyeh
| Goals =
}}
'''Hamas''' was founded in 1987 by Sheikh [[Ahmad Yassin]], [[Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi]] and [[Mohammad Taha]] during the first [[Intifada|intifada]] as the Palestinian branch of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]]. Hamas has carried out numerous suicide bombings, rocket attacks and military assaults against Israeli soldiers. They have not limited their activities to military operations and have implemented various social programs that have a strong presence in the lives of the people of [[Gaza Strip]] and the [[West Bank]].

==Hamas==
Hamas is an acronym for "Islamic Resistance Movement". It is a popular-nationalist movement that strives to create the conditions for the freedom and liberation of the Palestinian people from oppression and injustice, as well as, liberating this occupied land and confronting the Zionist schemes supported by the arrogant powers. Hamas is a jihadist movement in the broad sense of the word and part of the process of the Islamic awakening that believes that this awakening is the best way to liberate Palestine from the river to the sea. Hamas is a widespread popular movement that has its roots in the masses of the Palestinian people and the [[Islamic Ummah]].

Hamas considers Islamic beliefs and principles as the fixed basis for any effort against the enemy; an enemy that is the flag-bearer of enmity with all the movements and plans of awakening based on its ideological foundation. Hamas movement welcomes those who believe in the principles of the movement and are ready to accept the consequences of the conflict and confrontation with the Zionist scheme.

==The Movement's Emblem==
The movement's emblem consists of a picture of the Dome of the Rock in the center with a small map of Palestine above it and the crescent-shaped flags of Palestine that embrace the dome as if they are hugging it. On the flag on the right, the phrase "There is no god but Allah" and on the flag on the left, the phrase "Muhammad is the messenger of Allah" are written. In the lower part of the dome, there is a picture of two crossed swords that form the lower frame of the dome. The word Palestine is engraved in the lower part of the intersection of the two swords and the phrase Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) is written in the lower part of the emblem on a ribbon.

It is obvious that the picture of the [[Mosque|mosque]] and the phrase "There is no god but Allah" and "Muhammad is the messenger of Allah" are symbols of the Islamic nature of the Palestinian issue and show its deep faith. While the map itself indicates the principled and firm position of the movement of Hamas towards the existing conflict with the Zionists and that the ultimate goal of this conflict is the liberation of the whole of Palestine with the borders specified in the mandate from the filth of the occupiers. Also, it expresses the movement's opposition to limiting the ideal of Palestine to the territories occupied in 1948. Moreover, The two swords, as always, are a sign of power and purity in the Arab thought. The movement of Hamas, which is involved in a struggle with the occupying regime, that does not adhere to any human value, directs its power and strength towards its real enemy without any deviation or flexibility.

==Historical Background of Hamas==
This movement was initially a follower of the Muslim Brotherhood model, meaning that it acted as a "social welfare institution", although it still continues its social and welfare activities, but by entering the armed phase, it focused more on its activities in the field of fighting Israel. Hamas (Islamic Resistance Movement) was founded in 1987 by Sheikh Ahmed Yassin. Hamas's ideology is rooted in the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood. In 1973, Yassin first established "the Islamic Group" to cooperate with the political activities of the Muslim Brotherhood in Gaza.

Then, he founded the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) as the political and regional arm of the Muslim Brotherhood in December 1987 following the start of the first intifada in the occupied territories. Hamas is mainly known for carrying out suicide attacks against Israeli targets and forces. This movement was initially a follower of the Muslim Brotherhood model, meaning that it acted as a "social welfare institution", although it still continues its social and welfare activities, but by entering the armed phase, it focused more on its activities in the field of fighting [[Israel]].

Hamas considers the Arab-Israeli conflict as a conflict between [[Islam]] and [[Judaism]] that can only be resolved by the destruction of Israel.

==Attitudes, Beliefs and Charter of Hamas==
Some believe that Hamas's two views of "Palestinian nationalism" and "Islamic fundamentalism" are intertwined. This group is committed to "the destruction of Israel", "the Zionist identity" and "the replacement of the self-governing government of Palestine with an Islamic state" and "raising the flag of Allah in every part of Palestine". This movement considers Palestine as an Islamic land that has been occupied by non-Muslims.

Hamas considers "jihad" as the only solution to the Palestinian issue. It also regards the liberation of Palestine from Israeli control as a religious duty for all Muslims. Hamas, unlike the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] (PLO) that recognized Israel in 1988, not only opposes the legitimacy of this regime but also calls for its destruction and opposes the existential nature of Israel. Hamas believes in establishing an Islamic state and implementing all aspects of Islam in all aspects of life. Hamas considers resistance as a duty for every Muslim and believes in the revolutionary roles for all members of society, including men, women, teachers, students, and others.

===Hamas's Welfare Activities and Actions===
One of the reasons for Hamas's popularity and good reputation in Palestine is the welfare and social services that it provides. Hamas has carried out extensive social, political and even military actions since its establishment in 1987. Among them, the construction of schools and hospitals can be mentioned. Part of Hamas's annual budget of about 70 million dollars is spent on the following actions:

* Expanding the network of social services
* Implementing educational and welfare programs
* Providing schools, orphanages, mosques, health clinics, sports facilities, and Places to feed the poor.
* As a Jewish scholar named "Reuven Paz" believes: "About 90 percent of the resistance movement's work is summarized in social, welfare, cultural and educational activities."
* In fact, by providing these actions and activities, Hamas has succeeded in gaining popularity among the people and gaining their political loyalty.
* This movement also provides financial aid and scholarships to students who want to continue their education in [[Saudi Arabia]] or the West.
*
In addition, Hamas offers cheap or free health and medical services to the people. This group also builds Islamic charities, libraries and educational centers for women. It has also been able to build kindergartens and nurseries and establish religious schools that provide free food to children.

===The Attitude of Hamas Leaders towards Israel===
Some of the leaders and heads of Hamas want the "eradication and destruction of Israel". After Hamas' victory in the January 25, 2006 elections, in an interview with Al-Manar TV, one of Hamas' leaders named Mahmoud al-Zahar rejected foreign demands to recognize Israel's right to exist . After the formation of the government by Hamas, Dr. al-Zahar said: "I wish to hang a map of the world on the wall of my house that does not have a name of Israel... I hope that our wish to form an independent Palestinian state that includes all the historical borders of Palestine will come true. I believe that one day the state of Palestine will be formed and there will be no place for the state of Israel in this land."

He clarified his view, which is a continuation of Hamas' strategy of not recognizing Israel, and said "by forming an Islamic state of Palestine, it is possible that all Jews, Christians and Muslims live together under the banner of an Islamic state." Al-Zahar continued, "Palestinians have no hatred of Jews and we only oppose the occupation of our land by Israel."

Sheikh Ahmad Yassin, before being assassinated by Israel's death squads, said in a speech that the year 2027 would be the year of Israel's destruction. Even Abdulaziz al-Rantisi went further and said: "We want to wipe Israel off the map". Al-Rantisi also added: "The [[Holocaust]] is a Nazi-Zionist issue with the aim of encouraging Jews to migrate to Israel". Khaled Mashal, the head of Hamas' political bureau, also said: "Hamas will only abandon its armed conflict with Israel when this regime returns to its 1967 borders,b withdraws from the Palestinian lands, and accepts the "right of return of the Palestinians".

==Hamas' Charter==

The 36-article charter of Hamas was adopted in 1988. Its goal is "to raise the banner of Allah over every inch of [[Palestine]]" and to establish an Islamic state. In this charter, the slogan of Hamas is stated as follows: "Allah is our goal, the Prophet is our model and the [[Quran]] is our law; [[Jihad|jihad]] is our way and death in the way of Allah is our highest wish." Also in this charter, the aim of Hamas is "to support the oppressed, to implement justice and to fight injustice."

Hamas believes that Palestine is a land that has been endowed for the future generations of Muslims until the Day of Judgment. The Islamic Resistance Movement is a distinct Palestinian movement that is loyal only to "Allah" and its way of life is also based on Islam. We strive to raise the banner of Allah over all of Palestine so that the followers of all religions can live peacefully and securely under the Islamic government. The Islamic Resistance Movement believes that the land of Palestine is an Islamic endowment that has been entrusted to the future generations of Muslims until the Day of Resurrection. No part of it is possible to be given to anyone else.

==The Main Leaders of Hamas==
Hamas has two political and military wings.But apparently the distinction between them is not easy. Assessing the leadership structure of Hamas is somewhat difficult, but its leaders can be mentioned as follows:

===Khaled Mashal===
He was born in 1956, in the West Bank. He graduated from [[Kuwait]] University with a degree in physics. He was the leader of the Islamic Movement of Palestinian Graduates in Kuwait. [[Khaled Mashal]] can be called the leader of Hamas. He lives in Damascus, where he has been in exile since the 1990s.
===Ismail Haniyeh===
He is in his 40s and is a graduate of the Islamic University of Gaza in Arabic literature. [[Ismail Haniyeh]] is one of those who were exiled to Lebanon along with several other famous figures in the early 1990s. He has a balanced and calm approach, but some believe that this is nothing but a tactic.

===Mousa Abu Marzook===
He was born in 1951 in Gaza and received his PhD in industrial engineering from a university in the United States. He is the deputy leader of the political wing of Hamas and lives in [[Syria]]. He lived for years in America and [[Jordan]] and was finally tried in absentia and expelled by a court in the United States in 2004. The court claimed that he financially supported Hamas' activities.

===Mahmoud al-Zahar===
He was born in Gaza and studied medicine in Cairo. He is one of the founders of Hamas. [[Mahmoud al-Zahar]] is the leader of the Hamas faction in the parliament.
===Aziz Dweik===
He was born in 1948 and received his PhD from the University of Pennsylvania. [[Aziz Dweik]] was exiled to Lebanon in 1992 and became the spokesman for the deportees of Lebanon.
===Sheikh Hassan Yousef===
He is in his 50s and has been the head of Hamas in the West Bank since 2001. Now, he is in an Israeli prison. Some believe that if Sheikh [[Hassan Yousef]] is released, moderation will enter the Hamas system.

==The Meeting of the Head of the Political Bureau of Hamas with the Leader of the Revolution==
Mr. Ismail Haniyeh, the head of the political bureau of Hamas and his accompanying delegation met with Ayatollah [[Sayyid Ali Husayni Khamenei|Khamenei]], the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution.

In this meeting, the head of the political bureau of Hamas reported on the latest developments of Gaza and the West Bank and the crimes of the Zionist regime in Gaza.

The Leader of the Islamic Revolution also reiterated his appreciation for the patience and steadfastness of the people of Gaza and expressed his profound sadness at the crimes of the Zionist regime, that are carried out with the direct support of the United States and some Western countries. He emphasized the permanent policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in supporting the Palestinian resistance forces against the Zionist occupiers.

Ayatollah Khamenei also stressed the need for serious mobilization of the Islamic countries and the international community. Also, he called for the comprehensive and practical support of the Islamic governments for the people of Gaza.

== Sources ==
* [http://www.payam-aftab.com/fa/doc/news/551/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B4-%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3 Hamas movement]
* [https://farsi.khamenei.ir/news-content?id=54308 The Meeting of the Head of the Political Bureau of Hamas with the Leader of the Revolution ]

[[Category:Parties]]
[[Category:Palestine]]

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2024-02-03T09:10:51Z

Mahdipor:

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2024-02-03T09:05:35Z

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2024-02-03T09:04:57Z

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2024-02-03T09:03:43Z

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2024-01-30T08:39:26Z

Mahdipor:

[[File:یحیی سنوار.jpg|right]]

'''Yahya Sinwar''', known as "Abu Ibrahim", is the head of the political bureau of the Islamic Resistance Movement, Hamas, in the Gaza Strip. He became the successor of Ismail Haniyeh in 2017. He is the founder of the security service of Hamas, called "Majd". The security apparatus that focuses on internal security cases.

<span id="mp-more">[[Yahya Sinwar|'''Continue ...''']]</span>

Template:Main page/First featured article

2024-01-30T08:38:35Z

Mahdipor:

[[File:یحیی سنوار.jpg|thumb|right]]

'''Yahya Sinwar''', known as "Abu Ibrahim", is the head of the political bureau of the Islamic Resistance Movement, Hamas, in the Gaza Strip. He became the successor of Ismail Haniyeh in 2017. He is the founder of the security service of Hamas, called "Majd". The security apparatus that focuses on internal security cases.

<span id="mp-more">[[Yahya Sinwar|'''Continue ...''']]</span>

Yahya Sinwar

2024-01-30T08:35:04Z

Mahdipor: Mahdipor moved page Draft:Yahya Sinwar to Yahya Sinwar without leaving a redirect

{{Infobox person
| title = Yahya Sinwar
| image = یحیی سنوار.jpg
| name = Yahya Sinwar
| other names = Yahya Ibrahim Hassan al-Sinwar, Abu Ibrahim
| brith year = 1962 AD
| brith date =
| birth place = Khan Yunis, [[Palestine]]
| death year =
| death date =
| death place =
| teachers =
| students =
| religion = [[Islam]]
| faith = [[Sunni]]
| works = {{hlist|Majd and Monitoring the Performance of Shabak|Hamas Experience and Error|}}
| known for = {{hlist|the head of the political bureau of the Islamic Resistance Movement, Hamas||}}
| website =
}}
'''Yahya Sinwar''', known as '''"Abu Ibrahim"''', is the head of the political bureau of the [[Hamas|Islamic Resistance Movement, Hamas,]] in the [[Gaza Strip]]. He became the successor of [[Ismail Haniyeh]] in 2017. He is the founder of the security service of Hamas, called '''"Majd"'''. The security apparatus that focuses on internal security cases.

Abu Ibrahim was arrested by the Israeli regime forces in 1988 and sentenced to four life imprisonments. However, in 2011, he was released in exchange for 1,027 Palestinian prisoners with "Gilad Shalit", an Israeli soldier captured by Hamas. Many Israeli analysts believe that freeing Yahya Sinwar was the biggest mistake that the Israeli regime made against its own interests.

==Biography==
Yahya was born on October 19, 1962, in the [[Khan Yunis]] refugee camp. He is originally from the city of Majdal in [[Palestine]]. He got married after being freed from the Zionist regime's prisons in 2012 and has two sons and one daughter.

==Education==
He studied at the schools of the Jenin refugee camp until he completed his secondary education. He entered the Islamic University of Gaza and obtained a bachelor's degree in [[Arabic language]].

===Student activities===
He was active in the student council of the Islamic University for 5 years and was elected as the secretary and daputy of the cultural and mathematical committee. After that, he took over the presidency of the mentioned council and later was elected as its deputy again. (1982 - 1987) He participated in the student debates among different currents as a theorist of the Islamic current and he also was in charge of the Islamic current. He founded and led the group "Return to Islamic Art" with the help and cooperation of Sheikh Ahmad Yassin.

===Militant and jihadist activities===
He participated in the establishmet of the security institution of the Hamas movement under the leadership of Ahmad Yassin in 1983. In 1986, he and some others were appointed by Sheikh [[Ahmad Yassin]] to form the Jihad and Invitation Organization (Majd), which is one of the most important leaders of this organization. Guidance and leadership of some of the popular clashes with the Zionist enemy (1982 - 1988).

==Arrests==
He was arrested in 1982 for 6 months following participation in resistance actions. Also, he was arrested in 1985 for 8 months due to participating in security and resistance actions. Again, he was arrested in 1988 and being sentenced to 4 life imprisonments. He spent 22 years of his life consecutively in the enemy's prisons, of which about 4 years were in solitary confinement.

He led the prisoners of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) in the prisons for several years. He and some of his brothers led several hunger strikes, the most important of which were in 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004.

==Works==
He is fluent in Hebrew and has political and security writings and translations. His most important activities in this area are as below:
* Translating the book Shabak Everywhere
* Translating the book Israeli Parties in 1992.
* writing the book "Hamas Experience and Error"
* writing the book "Majd and Monitoring the Performance of Shabak"
* writing a novel titled "The Shock of the Carnation" which tells the story of a Palestinian's militant experience from 1967 to the Intifada
* Also, he has Numerous writings in security literature that strengthened the security understanding of the Hamas movement.

===After-freedom Activities===
He was released in 2011 during the agreement "Loyalty to the Liberators" (Shalit) between the Islamic Resistance Movemen (Hamas) and the Zionist enemy. He had a great influence on determining the borders and conditions of this agreement and for this reason the Zionist enemy kept him in solitary confinement before the success of this agreement. He was elected as a member of the political bureau of Hamas in the Gaza Strip in 2021 and took over the security file of this movement. Then, in 2013 he was elected as a member of the general political bureau and was in charge of the military file of this movement. The United States blacklisted him as an international terrorist in September 2015. The Hamas movement appointed him as the head of the file of Israeli prisoners held by the Qassam Brigades in 2015. He was elected as the head of the political bureau of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) in the Gaza Strip in February 2017. He was re-elected as the head of the political bureau of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) in March 2020. His house was bombed and destroyed three times. The first time in 1988, the second time during the 2014 war against the Gaza Strip and the last time during the 2021 war against this region.

==Letters==
===About the Achievements of the Resistance Against the Zionist Occupiers===
Al- Jazeera reported that Yahya Sinwar, the leader of Hamas in the Gaza Strip, sent an important and long letter to the head and members of the political bureau of this movement in the last two days, in which he referred to the achievements of the Qassam Brigades in the unprecedented battle with the army of the Zionist regime in the Gaza Strip and inflicting heavy blows and casualties on them.

According to the Palestine Information Center, sources close to Hamas confirmed that Sinwar wrote in his letter that the Qassam Brigades targeted about 5,000 Israeli officers and soldiers during the ground attack by the Zionist enemy on Gaza, of which one-third were killed, one-third were severely wounded, and another third became permanently disabled. He also wrote about the enemy's military vehicles that 750 vehicles were completely or partially destroyed.

He has written in another part of this letter that the Qassam Brigades have shattered the Zionist army and continue to inflict hard and painful blows on them and will not succumb to the enemy's conditions.

Yahya Sinwar, in his letter, appreciated the resilience of the Palestinian people in the Gaza Strip and emphasized that the residents of the Gaza Strip showed an unparalleled example of self-sacrifice, heroism, chivalry and solidarity, and that it is the duty of the political leaders to immediately strive to heal the wounds and sufferings of these people and strengthen their resilience.

Sinwar's letter to the leaders of Hamas has been sent following the proposals of the Zionist regime to this movement through the Egyptian and Qatari mediators regarding a temporary ceasefire in Gaza.This is while the Hamas movement has announced that they will not accept temporary ceasefire any more and the goal of this movement is to stop the war against Gaza completely.

==Israel's Fear of Abu Ibrahim==
From the perspective of the Israeli regime and its intelligence and security agencies, Yahya Sinwar is a more extremist figure than other Hamas leaders. The Israel Policy and Strategy Center, affiliated with the Herzliya Center, points out in a report that Yahya Sinwar has been able to change the rules of confrontation between the Palestinian resistance and Israel. The Sword of Jerusalem operation, which Hamas entered to support Jerusalem and its residents, is a manifestation of Sinwar's specific approach in confronting Israel. This center advises the Israeli regime to prepare itself sooner or later for a large-scale attack by the Palestinian resistance. A recommendation that became a reality in the form of the [[Al-Aqsa Storm]] operation and Israel largely attributes the engineering of this issue to Yahya Sinwar.

==Israel's Intelligence War for Assassination==
The senior Israeli officials have spoken and taken positions so much about the necessity of assassinating Yahya Sinwar that it seems they can no longer back down from this issue. This approach has made the assassination of Yahya Sinwar a matter of prestige for the Israeli regime. Yahya Sinwar and the Hamas movement are also trying to impose another intelligence and security victory on this regime in the framework of the equation defined by Israel. Sinwar is now managing the war against the Israeli army alongside other high-ranking leaders of the military and political branches of Hamas, while there is also a serious security focus on protecting him. Because his assassination by Israel could transmit negative pulses to the Palestinian resistance and the battlefields of Gaza. Yahya Sinwar and the security apparatuses of the Hamas movement, which he was one of the main founders of, are now facing a very big test. It seems that both Yahya Sinwar and Hamas in general have expected the current scenario, which is the widespread attack of the occupying regime of Jerusalem on the Gaza Strip and the attempt to assassinate the commanders and senior officials of this movement, and have made the necessary preparations for themselves in this regard. This makes Israel's efforts to assassinate the mysterious man of Hamas face many serious challenges.

== Sources ==

* [https://farsi.palinfo.com/news/2023/12/25/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B5%D9%87-%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%B3%D8%AA The Palestinian Information Center].
* [https://vision-pd.org/%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1/ Yahya al-Sinwar].
[[Category:Figures]]
[[Category:Palestine]]

Draft:Marwan Isa

2024-01-29T10:35:35Z

Mahdipor:

{{Infobox person
| title = Marwan Isa
| image = مروان عیسی.jpg
| name = Marwan Abdul Karim Isa
| other names = Abu Al Bara
| brith year = 1965 AD
| brith date =
| birth place = Gaza, Palestine
| death year =
| death date =
| death place =
| teachers =
| students =
| religion = [[Islam]]
| faith = [[Sunni]]
| works =
| known for = {{hlist|Deputy Commander of Ezzedin Qassam Brigades|One of the officials responsible for the development of Al-Qassam military power |}}
| website =
}}

'''Marwan Isa''' is the deputy commander of the Ezzeddin Qassam Brigades, the military branch of the [[Hamas]] movement. Some sources claim that Isa is the real leader of [[Ezzedin Qassam]] battalions; However, he is still the deputy leader of Hamas [[Mohammed Diab Ebrahim al-Masri|Mohammed Diab]] and serves as the representative of the battalion in the [[Hamas]] political office. [[Zionist regime|Israel]] accuses him of involvement in the October 2023 attacks.

== birthday ==
Marwan Abdul Karim Isa, known as Abu al-Bara, was born in 1965 in the Palestinian refugee camp of El Brij in the middle of the [[Gaza Strip]] and grew up with the desire to return to the village where his family came from.

Military activities
He joined [[Muslim Brotherhood]] in his youth and participated in its defense, social and organizational activities.
=== prison ===
He was arrested in 1987 on charges of joining the Hamas movement, subsequently the Palestinian Authority arrested him in 1997.

=== Joining Hamas ===
He joined Hamas at the age of 19. His experience in prison after being arrested in the occupied cells shaped Qassami's thought and he joined it immediately after his release and since joining it, he was promoted in its positions until he became one of the decision-makers of the operation. and fight independently or with the advice of [[Yahya Sanwar]], the leader of the Gaza movement.
=== In prison of the Zionist regime ===
He was in a group that participated in a series of martyrdom operations in 1996 in retaliation for the assassination of engineer Yahya Ayash along with a number of prominent figures of the movement such as [[Hasan Salameh]] and... He was subsequently detained for 4 years and released after the Al-Aqsa Intifada in 2000. After his release, he played a central role in the transfer of Qassam battalions from paramilitary units that were organized according to the military structure, to battalions, units and brigades based on a specific military hierarchy; He remained unknown until 2005, 10 days before Israel's withdrawal from Gaza, when he was officially introduced as one of the first-line leaders of the Qassam battalions.

=== Military operations ===
On June 25, 2006, Palestinian armed groups, including Hamas, launched a cross-border raid into Israel and captured 19-year-old soldier Gilad Shalit. Hamas detained Shalit as part of a prisoner exchange scheme in October 2011 in exchange for 1,027 Palestinian prisoners in Israeli prisons, and Issa played a key role in arranging the exchange.
=== Failed Assassinatton ===
On November 14, 2012, the Israeli army carried out several airstrikes on the [[Gaza Strip]], as a result of which Ahmad al-Jabari, the commander of the Ezzedine Qassam battalions at the time, was killed. He was also targeted in these attacks but survived.

Political activities
In a rare appearance at a conference organized by an unnamed Hamas-linked think tank in March 2015, he spoke about an Egyptian court ruling on February 3, 2015 that listed the Ezzedine Qassam Brigades as well as Hamas as terrorists. He said that Hamas is not looking for a military confrontation with Israel at the moment and is primarily interested in doubling its power for a future confrontation by building its missiles, and also claimed that Hamas is looking to create regional alliances that will to do

In 2017, Abu al-Baraa arrived in [Egypt] as part of a military-political delegation to negotiate a prisoner exchange, and his visits were repeated in the following years to discuss cases related to prisoners, ceasefires and crossings. In the same year, he was elected as a member of the political bureau representing the military wing of Hamas and in 2019 he was included in the terrorist lists of [[America (country)|America]]. Then in 2021, he was re-elected to the same position.

=== Threat of terror again ===
In February 2020, leaks reported that Israel was planning to assassinate Jesus and Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar in Gaza. When they learned of the plot, Egyptian intelligence officials traveled to Israel to convince them not to carry out the assassinations. Ezzeddin Qassam Brigades replied that its leaders are not afraid of terror and will continue their resistance against Israel.

== Positions and Responsibilities ==
* Member of Hamas Political Bureau in 2017, then re-elected in 2021;
* One of the officials responsible for the development of Al-Qassam's military power;
* Deputy Commander-in-Chief of Qassam Forces since 2012;
* Interface between military leadership and political leadership;
* One of the leaders responsible for any prisoner exchange deal with Israel;
* Responsible for settlement operations in al-Qassam battalions;

== Resources ==
* [https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2023/10/9/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%89-%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B8%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A8-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84 Taken from aljazeera.net]
* [https://thearabcenter.org/%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%89-%d8%a3%d8%a8%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1/ taken from thearabcenter.org]
[[Category:Figures]]
[[Category:Palestine]]

Draft:Marwan Isa

2024-01-28T13:57:07Z

Mahdipor:

{{Infobox person
| title = Marwan Isa
| image = مروان عیسی.jpg
| name = Marwan Abdul Karim Isa
| other names = Abu Al Bara
| brith year = 1965 AD
| brith date =
| birth place = Gaza, Palestine
| death year =
| death date =
| death place =
| teachers =
| students =
| religion = [[Islam]]
| faith = [[Sunni]]
| works =
| known for = {{hlist|Deputy Commander of Ezzedin Qassam Brigades|One of the officials responsible for the development of Al-Qassam military power |}}
| website =
}}

'''Marwan Isa''' is the deputy commander of the Ezzeddin Qassam battalions, the military branch of the [[Hamas]] movement. Some sources claim that Isa is the real leader of [[Ezzedin Qassam]] battalions; However, he is still the deputy leader of Hamas [[Mohammed Diab Ebrahim al-Masri|Mohammed Diab]] and serves as the representative of the battalion in the [[Hamas]] political office. [[Zionist regime|Israel]] accuses him of involvement in the October 2023 attacks.

== birthday ==
Marwan Abdul Karim Isa, known as Abu al-Bara, was born in 1965 in the Palestinian refugee camp of El Brij in the middle of the [[Gaza Strip]] and grew up with the desire to return to the village where his family came from.

Military activities
He joined [[Muslim Brotherhood]] in his youth and participated in its defense, social and organizational activities.
=== prison ===
He was arrested in 1987 on charges of joining the Hamas movement, subsequently the Palestinian Authority arrested him in 1997.

=== Joining Hamas ===
He joined Hamas at the age of 19. His experience in prison after being arrested in the occupied cells shaped Qassami's thought and he joined it immediately after his release and since joining it, he was promoted in its positions until he became one of the decision-makers of the operation. and fight independently or with the advice of [[Yahya Sanwar]], the leader of the Gaza movement.
=== In prison of the Zionist regime ===
He was in a group that participated in a series of martyrdom operations in 1996 in retaliation for the assassination of engineer Yahya Ayash along with a number of prominent figures of the movement such as [[Hasan Salameh]] and... He was subsequently detained for 4 years and released after the Al-Aqsa Intifada in 2000. After his release, he played a central role in the transfer of Qassam battalions from paramilitary units that were organized according to the military structure, to battalions, units and brigades based on a specific military hierarchy; He remained unknown until 2005, 10 days before Israel's withdrawal from Gaza, when he was officially introduced as one of the first-line leaders of the Qassam battalions.

=== Military operations ===
On June 25, 2006, Palestinian armed groups, including Hamas, launched a cross-border raid into Israel and captured 19-year-old soldier Gilad Shalit. Hamas detained Shalit as part of a prisoner exchange scheme in October 2011 in exchange for 1,027 Palestinian prisoners in Israeli prisons, and Issa played a key role in arranging the exchange.
=== Failed Assassinatton ===
On November 14, 2012, the Israeli army carried out several airstrikes on the [[Gaza Strip]], as a result of which Ahmad al-Jabari, the commander of the Ezzedine Qassam battalions at the time, was killed. He was also targeted in these attacks but survived.

Political activities
In a rare appearance at a conference organized by an unnamed Hamas-linked think tank in March 2015, he spoke about an Egyptian court ruling on February 3, 2015 that listed the Ezzedine Qassam Brigades as well as Hamas as terrorists. He said that Hamas is not looking for a military confrontation with Israel at the moment and is primarily interested in doubling its power for a future confrontation by building its missiles, and also claimed that Hamas is looking to create regional alliances that will to do

In 2017, Abu al-Baraa arrived in [Egypt] as part of a military-political delegation to negotiate a prisoner exchange, and his visits were repeated in the following years to discuss cases related to prisoners, ceasefires and crossings. In the same year, he was elected as a member of the political bureau representing the military wing of Hamas and in 2019 he was included in the terrorist lists of [[America (country)|America]]. Then in 2021, he was re-elected to the same position.

=== Threat of terror again ===
In February 2020, leaks reported that Israel was planning to assassinate Jesus and Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar in Gaza. When they learned of the plot, Egyptian intelligence officials traveled to Israel to convince them not to carry out the assassinations. Ezzeddin Qassam Brigades replied that its leaders are not afraid of terror and will continue their resistance against Israel.

== Positions and Responsibilities ==
* Member of Hamas Political Bureau in 2017, then re-elected in 2021;
* One of the officials responsible for the development of Al-Qassam's military power;
* Deputy Commander-in-Chief of Qassam Forces since 2012;
* Interface between military leadership and political leadership;
* One of the leaders responsible for any prisoner exchange deal with Israel;
* Responsible for settlement operations in al-Qassam battalions;

== Resources ==
* [https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2023/10/9/%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%89-%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B8%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A8-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84 Taken from aljazeera.net]
* [https://thearabcenter.org/%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%89-%d8%a3%d8%a8%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1/ taken from thearabcenter.org]
[[Category:Figures]]
[[Category:Palestine]]